Apparatus for low temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy of portable samples.

An experimental setup for low temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) integrated in an ultrahigh vacuum-chamber housing a high-end scanning probe microscope for comprehensive multi-tool surface science analysis is described. This setup enables the characterization with TDS at low temperatures (T > 22 K) of portable sample designs, as is the case for scanning probe optimized setups or high-throughput experiments. This combination of techniques allows a direct correlation between surface morphology, local spectroscopy, and reactivity of model catalysts. The performance of the multi-tool setup is illustrated by measurements of a model catalyst. TDS of CO from Mo(001) and from Mo(001) supported MgO thin films were carried out and combined with scanning tunneling microscopy measurements.

[The results and tolerability of infusion cholegraphy using ioglycamide-85 (12.75 g meglumine salt in 75 ml) in comparison with the use of a hypotonic adipiodone solution (10 g meglumine salt in 100 ml)]. / Ergebnisse und Verträglichkeit der Infusionscholegraphie mit Ioglycamid-85 (12,75 g Megluminsalz in 75 ml) im Vergleich zur Anwendung einer hypotonen Adipiodon-Lösung (10 g Megluminsalz in 100 ml).

The quality of 96 infusion cholegraphies with isotonic Ioglycamide-85 solution and of 2,080 infusion cholegraphies with hypotonic adipiodone-50 gave equal images in 97% of the cases. Ioglycamide-85 caused side-effects in 15.6%, Adipiodone only in 1.5% of the cases. For improved compatibility of Ioglycamide and of new contrast media as Iotroxamide and Idoxamide the use of hypotonic solutions is recommended for infusion. Their concentration should be osmotically tolerated by the erythrocytes. For the prevention of liver necrosis by contrast media the amount of contrast medium should be limited to 10 g meglumine salt.

[In vitro studies on the development of a high-density contrast medium for double contrast of the colon]. / In-vitro-Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung eines High-Density-Kontrastmittels für die Kolon-Doppelkontrastuntersuchung.

Investigations with an electron microscope and phantom imaging studies showed, that from micro-particle barium sulphate a high-density contrast medium can be produced for double-contrast-investigations of the colon. As stabilizing agent a substance with the same physical and chemical action as 0.6 g CMC (Sodium-Carboxy-Methyl-Cellulose) per 100 g barium sulphate should be used. With a second stabilizer, having the same effect as mixed pectin, the thickness of the contrast film can be modified, while the flow time of the contrast medium remains constant. Flow curves lead to the conclusion, that a maximum concentration of 140 GV% can be used for patients. The measurement of density and flow time of the suspension allow to check the high density and low viscosity requirements. The density of the barium sulphates used for investigation was 4,000 g/l.