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1.
Indian J Cancer ; 52(4): 625-7, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26960498

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We report our cohort of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with or without predisposing habits in glossal and extraglossal sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of OSCC cases over a period of 13.75 years from the archives of Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India. Demographic details, site, details of habits, and grade of OSCC were retrieved. Social Package for Social Service version 17.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and comparison of mean were employed appropriately. RESULTS: There were 151 OSCC cases, of which 60.9% (92/151) were males, 21.2% (32/151) were aged ≤ 40 years and 27.82% (42/151) occurred in the tongue. The glossal to extraglossal site ratio was 1:2.6. Predisposing habits were present in 52.4% of glossal OSCC and 82.6% with extra-glossal sites (P = 0.000). Besides tobacco, exclusive areca nut chewing was observed in 15.23% (23/151) patients. Thirty-nine (25.8%) belonged to non-tobacco, non-areca nut, non-alcohol (NTND) group with male to female ratio was 1:3. DISCUSSION: In our cohort, 112 of 151 OSCC (74.8%) had at least one predisposing habit. Chewing of areca nut alone was a predisposing habit by itself. In addition, there was a small, subset of cases that were not associated with history of any habits. This study brings to focus the subsets of OSCC predisposed by areca nut and NTND, that needs to be studied further.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Life Style , Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
3.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol ; 17(1): 17-22, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23798824

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To ascertain and compare between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non-HAART patients, the stimulated salivary flow rates and unstimulated salivary flow rates (USFR and SSFR) and to correlate the salivary flow rates with immune suppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred human-immuno deficiency virus seropositive patients attending RAGAS-YRG CARE were examined and divided into two groups, a HAART group (patients on combination antiretroviral therapy) comprising 50 patients and a non-HAART group comprising 50 patients. The HAART group was followed every 3 months after the baseline visit (0) for a period of 9 months, during which a clinical oral examination and collection of unstimulated and stimulated saliva was done. Their salivary gland function was assessed using a xerostomia inventory during each visit. The study on non-HAART group was cross-sectional. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis were performed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 10.05) software. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean SSFR and USFR between the two groups at baseline. In the HAART group, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate increased from baseline to 3 months (P = 0.02), with the increase being maintained at 6 months and 9 months. When salivary flow rates were correlated with Cluster of Differentiation, CD4 counts, patients in the HAART group with a CD4 ≤ 200 at 6 months visit had a higher mean stimulated salivary flow rate when compared with patients with CD4 ≥ 200 (P = 0.02). The xerostomia inventory did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups and HAART was not significantly associated with xerostomia. CONCLUSION: In our study HAART was neither associated with xerostomia nor a reduction in salivary flow rate and immune suppression was not a significant factor for decreasing the salivary flow rate.

4.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol ; 16(3): 338-42, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23248461

ABSTRACT

AIM: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test is a sensitive, biomarker of genotoxic substances. The present study was conducted to observe the frequency of SCEs in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 males with and without the habit of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects for this study were males aged between 25-50 years and were selected from the students, employees and the patients attending the outpatient department of Ragas dental college and Hospital, Chennai. RESULTS: Controls, smokers, and smokers with alcohol habit were divided into two age groups as ≤30 years and ≥30 years. In controls the mean frequency of SCEs/cell in ≤30 years and ≥30 year's age group was 5.80 and 6.05, respectively. In Smokers SCEs/cell in ≤30 years and ≥30 year's age group was 7.7 and 8.8, respectively. In Smokers with alcohol habit SCEs/cell in ≤30 years and ≥30 years age group was 10.1 and 12.8, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the duration of the smoking habit has shown a positive correlation with the mean SCE frequency. Whereas, frequency of the habit did not show any influence on the SCE levels. In smokers with alcohol habit, both the duration and frequency of their smoking habit has shown a significant effect on the SCE levels suggesting a synergistic effect of alcohol and smoking leading to excessive DNA damage.

5.
Indian J Dent Res ; 23(1): 31-8, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22842246

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is reported to be rampant in urban slums in developing countries. Demographical variations in tobacco use between males living in urban slums vs those living in non-slum areas in India has not been reported, and this study was undertaken to address this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary data analysis of National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) was undertaken to study demographical variations in tobacco use between urban slum dwellers and non-slum dwellers in eight Indian cities. Demographic determinants for use of smoking and chewing forms of tobacco in the two groups were analyzed. SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULT: The study population comprised 6887 (41.8%) males from slum areas and 9588 (58.2%) from non-slum areas of eight urban cities. Cigarette/beedi smoking was the commonest form of tobacco use among the study population. Pan masala use was the least common form of smokeless tobacco use, next only to snuff. There was a high statistical significance observed within the various demographic parameter studied in both the slum and non-slum dwelling males in study population. However, on studying the differences between the two groups, it was observed that statistical significance of P≤.001 was observed with age (15-49), secondary education, religion, household structure and marital status. The difference between the two groups in the mean number of cigarettes/beedis smoked was not statistically significant (P=.598). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Male slum dwellers are a distinct urban population, whose health needs assessment requires a different approach than that for non-slum dwellers who often can afford the services that an urban Indian city can offer.


Subject(s)
Poverty Areas , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco, Smokeless/statistics & numerical data , Urban Health/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Family Characteristics , Hinduism , Humans , India/epidemiology , Islam , Male , Marital Status , Middle Aged , Nuclear Family , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
6.
Indian J Cancer ; 47 Suppl 1: 53-8, 2010 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20622415

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is a health hazard and its use is attributed to a lack of knowledge regarding the ill effects of tobacco. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the exposure of different mass media among a representative cohort population in the Indian subcontinent and compare the reach of the different mass media among tobacco users and nonusers using the "reach of HIV information" as a model. DESIGN: Secondary Data Analysis of Indian National Family Health Survey-3. PREDICTOR VARIABLES: Any tobacco use, gender, source of HIV information. OUTCOME VARIABLES: Use of mass media. RESULTS: Of the study group, 27% of males and 54.4% of females never read newspaper or magazine; 29.3% of males and 52.6% of females never heard radio; 12.4% of males and 25% of females never see television; and 79.3% of males and 93.46% of females did not see a movie at least once a month. The most common source of information of HIV was television among males (71.8%) and females (81%), whereas the least common source was leaders among males (0.8%) and females (0.2%). DISCUSSION: Television is the single largest media used by both genders and was a major source of HIV information dissemination. A well-designed tobacco control program similar to HIV awareness program will help to curb tobacco use. CONCLUSION: The reach of different media among Indian tobacco users is presented and HIV model of information dissemination may prove to be effective in tobacco control.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion , Mass Media , Smoking Cessation , Smoking Prevention , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , India , Information Dissemination , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
7.
Indian J Cancer ; 47 Suppl 1: 91-100, 2010 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20622422

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of chewable smokeless tobacco consumption among males in India. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, nationally representative population-based household survey. SUBJECTS: 74,369 males aged 15-54 years who were sampled in the National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-2006). Data on tobacco consumption were elicited from male members in households selected for the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of various smokeless tobacco use currently was used as outcome measures. Simple and two-way cross tabulations and univariate logistic regression analysis were the main analytical methods. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of the study population (15 years or older) used chewable smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco consumption was significantly higher in poor, less educated, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribe populations. The prevalence of tobacco consumption showed variation with types. The prevalence of chewing also varied widely between different states and had a strong association with an individual's sociocultural characteristics. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study highlight that an agenda to improve the health outcomes among the poor in India must include effective interventions to control tobacco use. Failure to do so would most probably result in doubling the burden of diseases-both communicable and noncommunicable-among India's teeming poor. There is a need for periodical surveys using more consistent definitions of tobacco use and eliciting information on different types of tobacco consumed.


Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco, Smokeless , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
8.
J Conserv Dent ; 13(4): 169-72, 2010 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21217943

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Analysis of publication trends will guide the policy framers, administrators, and dentists to frame future policies and design programs for the development of scientific and technological policies in the field of dentistry. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to assess the trends in Indian Conservative dentists and endodontists' Publication in PubMed-Medline database during 1996-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the time limitation of publication date limit of 1(st) January 1996 to 31(st) December 2009, all articles where authors' affiliation had the words Dental AND India were selected. From this collection of articles, the following were noted down: year of publication, number of authors, name of the journal, reach of the journal, status of the journal, specialty of the first, state of origin, and type of research. From this database, the performance of department of conservative dentistry and endodontics was analyzed. RESULTS: The number of articles published by conservative dentists and endodontists was 124. Among them, 63 got published in international journals and 61 in Indian journals. A majority of 33 journals were published in Indian Journal of Dental Research followed by 25 in the Journal of Conservative Dentistry. Out of these articles, 66 were on the basis of original research done by the authors. Nearly 45.2% of the published articles were from the institutes in Tamil Nadu, followed by Karnataka (30.6%), and Maharashtra (8.1%). Although the overall distribution of the publication trends seems to be constant from 1996 to 2006, there seems to be boom in the publication trend since 2007.

9.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol ; 14(2): 41-7, 2010 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21731261

ABSTRACT

Malignancies are usually preceded by the presence of various paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), which could be the indirect and/or remote effects of the metabolites produced by neoplastic cells. PNS manifested by oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, which is the most common head and neck malignancy, are highlighted in this review. Knowledge of the clinical spectrum of these syndromes will equip the oral physician for early diagnosis and management of these hidden malignancies, especially of the pharyngeal region.

10.
Indian J Dent Res ; 20(1): 41-6, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19336859

ABSTRACT

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of various oral mucosal lesions (OML) among alcohol misusers attending a rehabilitation center in Chennai, south India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualified dental surgeons examined 500 consecutive alcohol misusers at Ragas Dental College and Hospital and TTK Hospital, India. Thorough history and oral findings were recorded in a pre-determined format. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using SPSS 10.0.5beta. The variables for this study were OML, Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), age, smoking, and alcohol misuse (type and units consumed and duration of misuse). RESULTS: Of the 500 patients, 77% were in the 25-44 years old age group and 84% were married. The mean age of initiation of alcohol misuse was 34 years. In addition to alcohol, 72% smoked tobacco and 96% used other psychoactive substances. The mean alcohol use duration was 12.6 years. A total of 25% of the study group had at least one OML. The common oral lesions were smoker's melanosis (10.2%), oral submucous fibrosis (8%), and leukoplakia (7.4%). Those who misused spirits had a higher incidence of OML than those who misused beer or both. Patients with fair oral hygiene had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.96 for OML compared with an OR of 2.08 for those who had OML with good oral hygiene. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that subjects who misuse alcohol have poor oral hygiene and are at risk for the development of periodontal disease and OML. This survey indicates that oral examination and treatment should be a part of the standard care for alcohol misusers at rehabilitation centers.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Leukoplakia, Oral/etiology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/etiology , Adult , Age Factors , Areca/adverse effects , Female , Gingival Diseases/etiology , Humans , India , Logistic Models , Male , Melanosis/etiology , Middle Aged , Oral Hygiene Index , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Young Adult
11.
Indian J Med Sci ; 60(3): 95-105, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16569923

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Resting whole mouth salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH play a significant role in pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. AIM: To observe the effect of habitual use of arecanut and various arecanut containing products (AN) on SFR and pH. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Outpatient Department of Dental College. PARTICIPANTS: AN chewers and non-chewers attending Dental college. MEASUREMENTS: SFR and pH. VARIABLES: Type, frequency, duration and exposure time of AN, Smoking and Alcohol habit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects study was divided into chewers (n=110) and non- chewers (n=50). The SFR (expressed in mL/10min) and pH measured. RESULTS: The difference between the mean SFR for chewers and non-chewers was not statistically significant. The difference between mean pH of chewers and non-chewers was statistically significant. (P=0.02). Difference in pH was statistically significant among the different types of AN chewers (P=0.024). With chewing raw AN, an increase in frequency and exposure time increased SFR and pH respectively. In processed AN chewers, increase in duration and frequency of consumption increased SFR and decreased pH respectively. For chewers with betel quid with tobacco, increase in duration was significantly associated with decrease in salivary pH. CONCLUSION: SFR and pH are altered in AN chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of AN.


Subject(s)
Areca/adverse effects , Mastication , Mouth Mucosa/drug effects , Mouth/drug effects , Plants, Toxic/adverse effects , Saliva/drug effects , Salivation/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration/drug effects , India , Male , Time Factors
12.
Indian J Dent Res ; 16(4): 131-4, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16761704

ABSTRACT

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a common pre-malignant condition of the mouth in arecanut chewers in Indian subcontinent. It is characterized by restriction in opening of the mouth, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility. Reports of muscle changes in OSF, using light microscopy are few. Incisional biopsy sections of thirty OSF patients were stained with Masson's Trichrome stain, to study the fibrosis involving the muscle. Wide spectrum of changes were observed where fibrosis was being evident sub-epithelially, not extending in to the muscle to cases where only a few remnants of muscle fibers were seen and the missing muscle bundle area being replaced by fibrous tissue. The probable mechanism by which these changes occur is discussed.


Subject(s)
Facial Muscles/pathology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/pathology , Collagen , Connective Tissue/pathology , Epithelium/pathology , Fibrosis , Humans , Hyalin , Mandible/physiopathology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Movement , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/physiopathology
13.
Indian J Dent Res ; 15(4): 129-32, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16035640

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Habitual arecanut chewing is associated with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF). High copper content in arecanut plays a vital role in pathogenesis of OSF. This study evaluates the copper-staining pattern of buccal epithelial cells in oral cytological smears of non-chewers, chewers, and OSF. MATERIALS & METHODS: Alcohol fixed buccal epithelial smears of 10 histopathologically confirmed cases of OSF, 10 chewers without lesion, and 5 nonchewers were stained with modified Rhodamine technique and studied under the light microscope. Buccal epithelial smears of non-chewers dipped in copper sulphate solution were used as known positive for copper. RESULT: Copper appeared as shades of palered within the cytoplasm of chewers and did not show any stain in non-chewers. Intense red stain was seen in OSF smears as dark granules within the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Intense staining of copper in OSF buccal smears, than in the chewers supports the role of copper in the pathogenesis of OSF.


Subject(s)
Copper/analysis , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/pathology , Areca , Cytoplasm/pathology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Fluorescent Dyes , Humans , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Rhodamines
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