ABSTRACT
Siblings of mixed racial heritage often identify differently from one another. In a study of 20 sibling pairs, 4 types of experiences surfaced that appear to influence the identity process: hazing, family dysfunction, other salient identities, and the impact of integration. These experiences were explored within the framework of the ecological model of racial identity development.
Subject(s)
Ethnicity , Self Concept , Sibling Relations , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Minority Groups/psychology , Spouse Abuse/ethnology , Violence/ethnology , Black or African American/psychology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Female , Humans , Risk Factors , Social Environment , Spouse Abuse/prevention & control , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Violence/prevention & control , Violence/psychology , White People/psychologyABSTRACT
Women substance abusers usually labeled as treatment failures are described and case illustrations are presented. The role of sexual victimization in the substance abuse is considered, as is the use of substances to mitigate posttraumatic stress symptoms. Abstinence as a precondition of treatment is examined, and more objective case conceptualization and treatment planning advocated. Aspects of the long-term therapeutic relationship are discussed.