Psychometric Evaluation of Self-assessment Persian Version of the Alzheimer Questionnaire (AQ).

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a primary disorder intensified by aging. Rapid diagnosis of MCI can prevent its progression towards the development of dementia. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric features of the self-assessment Persian version of the Alzheimer questionnaire (AQ) in the elderly to detect MCI. Methods: First, the AQ was translated into the Persian language; then, its content validity was evaluated by the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) method, and face validity was determined by two checklists for expert panel and the elderly. The convergent validity of the self-assessment AQ with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was assessed using the Pearson correlation. The test-retest and internal consistency reliability were evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC) and Kuder-Richardson coefficients, respectively. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of self-assessment AQ. Among 148 older people who took part in this study, 93 met our inclusion criteria (aged 60 years old or older, had reading and writing skills, and were able to speak and communicate). Results: A translated version of the questionnaire was named "M-check." The developed test showed good content and face validity. Statistically significant correlations were found between M-check and MoCA (r=-0.83, P<0.05). The Kuder-Richardson and ICC coefficients were obtained as 0.84 and 0.92, respectively. Area under the curve presented satisfactory values (Area under curve [AUC]=0.852, sensitivity=0.62, specificity=0.94). Conclusion: The M-check can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cognitive state and screening MCI in older adults. Highlights: All questions achieved desired face validity.The convergent validity of Alzheimer Questioner (AQ) was confirmed with high correlation.The AQ is statistically significant with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).The AQ had acceptable stability, repeatability, and reliability.All findings demonstrated that the M-Check had high values in predicting MCI in the early stages. Plain Language Summary: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a subset of mental disorders that is an early condition that may lead to dementia. People with MCI are usually prone to forgetfulness in a short time. If MCI is not detected in the early stages, it can progress to dementia or Alzheimer's to higher degrees. On the other hand, cognitive decline and MCI can cause major problems for patients and their families. So it is essential to act out as soon as possible. It is considered that a tool for the early identification of MCI that is self-assessed by individuals, without the presence of an expert and trained person to interpret the results, was not observed in Iran. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric features of the self-assessment Persian version of the Alzheimer questionnaire (AQ) in the elderly. The results showed that the AQ is a simple one that can be quickly completed by any person at home or by family members of the elderly so that people can refer to the relevant specialist more soon if needed.

A mapping of facilitators and barriers to evidence-based management in health systems: a scoping review study.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare settings are complex, and the decision-making process is usually complicated, too. Precise use of best evidence from different sources for increasing the desired outcomes is the result of EBM. Therefore, this study aimed to map the potential facilitators and barriers to EBM in health systems to help the healthcare managers to better implement EBM in their organizations. METHODS: The present study was a scoping review (SR) conducted in 2020 based on the integration of the frameworks presented by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and Levac et al. (2010) considering the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline (2015). These frameworks consist of 6 steps. After finalizing the search strategy, 7 databases were searched, and the PRISMA-ScR was used to manage the retrieval and inclusion of the evidence. Microsoft Excel 2013 was used to extract the data, and the graphic description was presented. The summative analysis approach was used applying MAXQDA10. RESULTS: According to the systematic search, 4815 studies were retrieved after eliminating duplicates and unrelated articles, 49 articles remained to extract EBM facilitators and barriers. Six main aspects attitude toward EBM, external factors, contextual factors, resources, policies and procedures, and research capacity and data availability were summarized as EBM facilitators. The barriers to EBM were similarly summarized as attitude toward EBM, external factors, contextual factors, policies and procedures, limited resources, and research capacity and data availability. The streamgraphs describe that the international attention to the sub-aspects of facilitators and barriers of EBM has been increased since 2011. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of decision-making regarding complex health systems, especially in terms of resource constraints and uncertainty conditions, requires EBM in the health system as much as possible. Identifying the factors that facilitate the use of evidence, as well as its barriers to management and decision-making in the organization, can play an important role in making systematic and reliable decisions that can be defended by the officials and ultimately lead to greater savings in organization resources and prevent them from being wasted.

Web-based health Information Seeking and eHealth Literacy among College students. A Self-report study

Objective. This study aimed to assess web-based health information seeking and eHealth literacy among Iranian college students. Methods. The study was conducted in five colleges of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran during 2018. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of seven questions on a 4-point Likert-type scale, with scores ranging from 7 to 28. These questions were: 'I know how to use the Internet to answer my questions about health', 'I think there is enough information about health-related issues on the Internet', 'I know the vocabulary used in health issues on the Internet', 'I can tell high-quality health resources from low-quality health resources on the Internet', 'I know how to use the health information I find on the Internet to help me', 'I feel confident in using information from the Internet to make health decisions', and 'Searching for health-related information on the Internet will increase my knowledge in this field'. High eHealth literacy level is defined as above the total mean score and low eHealth literacy level is defined as lower than the total mean score. Results. In all, 386 college students participated in the study. The results showed that the mean score of eHealth literacy was 19.11 out of 28; 205 participants (54.4%) had low eHealth literacy. In addition, the students used the Internet to search for information regarding diseases symptoms (70%), physical illnesses (67.1%), existing treatments (65%), and diagnosis (63.1%). Conclusion. The results showed that participants in this study usually searched for illnesses, symptoms, and treatments after they got sick and paid little attention to other aspects related to integral health.

Objetivo. Evaluar la búsqueda de información de salud en línea y el nivel de alfabetización en eSalud entre los estudiantes universitarios iraníes. Métodos. El estudio se realizó en cinco colegios de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Shiraz, Irán, durante 2018. Los datos se recopilaron con la ayuda de un cuestionario realizado por los investigadores que consta de 7 afirmaciones con opciones de respuesta tipo Likert de 4 puntos, con un rango de puntaje de 7-28 puntos: 1. "Sé cómo usar Internet para responder mis preguntas sobre salud"; 2. "Creo que hay suficiente información sobre problemas relacionados con la salud en Internet"; 3. "Conozco el vocabulario utilizado en temas de salud en Internet"; 4. "Puedo distinguir en Internet los recursos de salud de alta calidad de los que son de baja calidad"; 5. "Sé cómo usar la información de salud que encuentro en Internet para ayudarme"; 6. "Me siento seguro al usar la información de Internet para decisiones de salud", y 7. "Buscar en Internet información relacionada con la salud aumentará mi conocimiento en este campo". Se estableció que se tenía alfabetización en eSalud alta si el puntaje estaba por encima de la media total y alfabetización en eSalud baja si este puntaje era inferior a la puntuación media. Resultados. 386 estudiantes universitarios participaron en el estudio. La puntuación media de alfabetización en eSalud fue de 19,11 de los 28 puntos máximos posibles. 205 participantes (54.4%) tenían baja alfabetización en eSalud. Además, los estudiantes utilizaron Internet para buscar información sobre síntomas de enfermedades (70%), enfermedades físicas (67.1%), tratamientos existentes (65%) y diagnóstico (63.1%). Conclusión. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes de este estudio buscaban generalmente información en Internet acerca de enfermedades, síntomas y tratamientos después de enfermarse y prestaban poca atención a otros aspectos relacionados con la salud integral.

Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a busca de informações sobre saúde on-line e o nível de alfabetização em eSaúde entre estudantes universitários iranianos. Métodos. O estudo foi realizado em cinco faculdades da Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Shiraz, Irã, durante 2018. Os dados foram coletados com a ajuda de um questionário conduzido pelos pesquisadores, composto por 7 declarações com opções de resposta tipo Likert de 4 pontos, com uma faixa de pontuação de 7-28 pontos. Essas perguntas foram: 'Eu sei como usar a Internet para responder às minhas perguntas sobre saúde', 'Eu acho que há informações suficientes sobre problemas relacionados à saúde na Internet', 'Eu conheço o vocabulário usado nas questões de saúde na Internet', 'Eu posso distinguir em Recursos de saúde de alta qualidade na Internet que são de baixa qualidade ',' Eu sei como usar as informações de saúde encontradas na Internet para me ajudar ',' Sinto-me seguro ao usar informações da Internet para decisões de saúde 'e' A busca de informações relacionadas à saúde na Internet aumentará meu conhecimento neste campo '. Foi estabelecido que havia alta alfabetização em eSaúde se a pontuação estivesse acima da média total e baixa literacia em eSaúde se essa pontuação fosse menor que a média. Resultados 386 universitários participaram do estudo. A pontuação média em alfabetização em eSaúde foi 19,11 dos 28 pontos máximos possíveis. 205 participantes (54,4%) tinham baixa alfabetização em eSaúde. Além disso, os estudantes usaram a Internet para buscar informações sobre sintomas da doença (70%), doenças físicas (67,1%), tratamentos existentes (65%) e diagnóstico (63,1%). Conclusão. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes deste estudo geralmente buscavam informações na Internet sobre doenças, sintomas e tratamentos após adoecer e prestavam pouca atenção a outros aspectos relacionados à saúde integral.