A bibliometric study of the journal Radiología during the period 2010-2019. / Análisis bibliométrico de la revista Radiología en el periodo 2010-2019.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bibliometrics makes it possible to measure the relative importance of a scientific journal in its field. The current study analyzed the scientific publications in Radiología and the bibliometric parameters of the journal in the period comprising 2010 through 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the bibliometrics for Radiología through information obtained from three sources: Scopus, the online version of the journal, and the publisher (Elsevier). We retrospectively analyzed aspects related to the editorial process (final decision and speed), the articles published (type, subspecialty of radiology, and imaging technique), the trends in citation and various indices (CiteScore, SNIP, and SJR), visibility, downloads, author characteristics (geographical origin and institutional collaboration), and the most cited articles. RESULTS: The number of articles published in Radiología gradually decreased during the decade, and the time to publication increased. Original research articles account for the largest share of the articles published. The most common subject areas were radiology of the digestive tract and neuroradiology. Nevertheless, the bibliometric indicators and the number of downloads of articles increased every year. Regarding the authorship of the articles published, although authors from Spain predominate, the participation of authors from other countries became increasingly common. Collaboration among different institutions also became increasingly common in the period analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows the progression of the journal's scientific work and some aspects that must be addressed to favor the growth of Radiología.

Staging pancreatic carcinoma by computed tomography. / Estadificación mediante tomografía computarizada del carcinoma de páncreas.

Pancreatic carcinoma is becoming more common in our environment; the mortality rate for this tumor has barely changed over the last 20 years. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are crucial to ensure an appropriate therapeutic approach, which should aim to improve survival in patients in whom complete resection is possible and to minimize surgical morbidity and mortality in those with a high risk of residual disease after the intervention. Various imaging techniques are used for tumor staging: multidetector computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, endoscopic ultrasound, and diagnostic laparoscopy. Currently, multidetector CT is the technique of choice for the study of pancreatic tumors; thus, this article aims to review the state of the art in staging adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, focusing mainly on the applications and limitations of this technique.

Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. / Evaluación de los pacientes candidatos a implante transcatéter de válvula aórtica mediante tomografía computarizada multidetector.

In transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), a biologic valve mounted in a stent is implanted without removing the native valve. This procedure was first done in humans by Alain Cribier in 2002 and was included in clinical guidelines after the multicenter PARTNER (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER) randomized clinical trial, which showed that TAVI obtained better outcomes than conservative medical treatment and is an alternative to surgery in patients with high surgical risk. Candidates for TAVI must be assessed to determine whether the procedure is feasible, because TAVI is not ideal for all patients who are considered inoperable. Multidetector computed tomography plays an important role in the anatomic evaluation of candidates and in guiding the procedure in those who are finally selected.

Breast cancer in the 21st century: from early detection to new therapies. / El cáncer de mama en el siglo XXI: de la detección precoz a los nuevos tratamientos.

The analysis of the causes that have given rise to a change in tendency in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in the last few decades generates important revelations regarding the role of breast screening, the regular application of adjuvant therapies and the change of risk factors. The benefits of early detection have been accompanied by certain adverse effects, even in terms of an excessive number of prophylactic mastectomies. Recently, several updates have been published on the recommendations in breast cancer screening at an international level. On the other hand, the advances in genomics have made it possible to establish a new molecular classification of breast cancer. Our aim is to present an updated overview of the epidemiological situation of breast cancer, as well as some relevant issues from the point of view of diagnosis, such as molecular classification and different strategies for both population-based and opportunistic screening.

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint]. / Resonancia magnética de la articulación temporomandibular.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a small joint with complex anatomy and function. Diverse pathologies with very different symptoms can affect the TMJ. While various imaging techniques such as plain-film radiography and computed tomography can be useful, magnetic resonance imaging's superior contrast resolution reveals additional structures like the articular disk, making this technique essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. We analyze the MRI signs of the different pathologies that can affect the TMJ from the structural and functional points of view.

Resonancia magnética de la articulación temporomandibular / Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint

A pesar de ser una estructura de pequeño tamaño, la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) posee una compleja anatomía y una gran capacidad funcional, además de ser el asiento de diversas entidades patológicas con manifestaciones clínicas muy diferentes. Debido a esto se hace necesario un estudio muy preciso de la articulación. Las distintas técnicas de formación de imagen como la radiología convencional y la tomografía computarizada (TC) son útiles, pero la resonancia magnética (RM), debido a su resolución de contraste, que muestra no sólo el hueso sino también estructuras como el disco articular, resulta imprescindible para el diagnóstico exacto y la planificación terapéutica adecuada. En el presente trabajo se analizan los criterios semiológicos mediante RM de las distintas entidades patológicas que pueden afectar a la ATM desde el punto de vista funcional y estructural (AU)

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a small joint with complex anatomy and function. Diverse pathologies with very different symptoms can affect the TMJ. While various imaging techniques such as plain-film radiography and computed tomography can be useful, magnetic resonance imaging's superior contrast resolution reveals additional structures like the articular disk, making this technique essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. We analyze the MRI signs of the different pathologies that can affect the TMJ from the structural and functional points of view (AU)

[Morphologic evaluation of fecal incontinence by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with corrected anal atresia]. / Valoración morfológica mediante resonancia magnética de la incontinencia fecal en pacientes con atresia anal corregida.

PURPOSE: To describe the findings obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ano-rectal atresia, after treatment by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), who have fecal incontinence and to describe its usefulness in the evaluation of causes of incontinence. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Twelve patients, 9 men and 3 women, with anorectal atresia were examined with 0.5T MRI after performing PSARP for imperforate anus. The study included T1-weighted, T2-weighted and proton-density, axial, sagittal and coronal planes. The location of descended neorectus and the degree of development of pelvic musculature were evaluated. RESULTS: Normal development of anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex were observed in six patients, with correct situation of neorectus between anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex in five of them and eccentric in the other one. Diverse grades of striate muscular complex underdevelopment were showed in the other six cases, moderate grade in four of them and severe hypoplasia in the other two. Spinal and urogenital congenital anomalies were found in these patients. Sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MR images were the most useful planes in evaluating the relationship between anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex and axial T1-weighted MR images in the evaluation of the level of development of striated muscle complex in the evaluation of patients. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is useful in the evaluation of patients with fecal incontinence after performing PSARP for anorectal atresia. Unsuitable neorectus position or striated muscle complex hypoplasia are causes of postoperative incontinence in these patients.

Valoración morfológica mediante resonancia magnética de la incontinencia fecal en pacientes con atresia anal corregida / Morphologic evaluation of fecal incontinence by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with corrected anal atresia

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos obtenidos mediante resonancia magnética (RM) en pacientes con incontinencia fecal previamente intervenidos de anorrectoplastia sagital posterior (ARPSP) por atresia de ano y definir su utilidad en la valoración de su causa. Material y métodos: Se examinaron con RM 0,5T a 12 pacientes, 9 varones y 3 mujeres, a los que previamente se les realizó ARPSP por atresia de ano. El estudio incluía secuencias potenciadas en T1, T2 y DP con planos axiales, sagitales y coronales. Se valoraba el posicionamiento del neorrecto descendido entre los músculos elevadores del ano y complejo esfinteriano y el grado desarrollo de la musculatura pelviana. Resultados: Seis pacientes presentaban un desarrollo adecuado de los músculos elevadores del ano y complejo esfinteriano, con correcto posicionamiento del neorrecto en 5 de ellos y situación excéntrica en 1. En los otros 6 casos se observaron diversos grados de subdesarrollo del complejo muscular estriado, 4 de ellos en grado moderado y en 2, grave. En el último grupo se observaron anomalías congénitas, disráficas espinales y del sistema urogenital. Los planos sagital y coronal potenciados en T1 fueron los más útiles para evaluar la interrelación entre músculos elevadores del ano y complejo esfinteriano, mientras que los planos axiales fueron útiles en la valoración del grado de desarrollo del complejo muscular estriado. Conclusiones: La RM es útil en la evaluación de pacientes con incontinencia fecal tras ARPSP por malformación anorrectal. Una inadecuada posición del neorrecto o hipoplasia del complejo muscular estriado son causas de incontinencia postoperatoria en estos pacientes (AU)

Purpose: To describe the findings obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ano-rectal atresia, after treatment by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), who have fecal incontinence and to describe its usefulness in the evaluation of causes of incontinence. Subject and methods: Twelve patients, 9 men and 3 women, with anorectal atresia were examined with 0.5T MRI after performing PSARP for imperforate anus. The study included T1-weighted, T2-weighted and proton-density, axial, sagittal and coronal planes. The location of descended neorectus and the degree of development of pelvic musculature were evaluated. Results: Normal development of anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex were observed in six patients, with correct situation of neorectus between anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex in five of them and eccentric in the other one. Diverse grades of striate muscular complex underdevelopment were showed in the other six cases, moderate grade in four of them and severe hypoplasia in the other two. Spinal and urogenital congenital anomalies were found in these patients. Sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MR images were the most useful planes in evaluating the relationship between anus levator muscles and sphincterian complex and axial T1-weighted MR images in the evaluation of the level of development of striated muscle complex in the evaluation of patients. Conclusions: MRI is useful in the evaluation of patients with fecal incontinence after performing PSARP for anorectal atresia. Unsuitable neorectus position or striated musce complex hypoplasia are causes of postoperative incontinence in these patients (AU)

[Quality research and the difficulties involved therein]. / La investigación de calidad y sus dificultades.

After an evaluation of the current situation of research in our country and establishing the concept and requisites of what is considered "quality research", this article will analyze the difficulties in carrying it out (lack of appreciation of research activity and consequent lack of necessary support and insufficient funding, lack of training for researchers, lack of continuity, among others), while trying to provide possible solutions to these problems. The important role of university hospitals will play as the backbone of translational research, coordinating research and medical practice, is also considered, together with the need to reorganize these institutions for this transcendent mission. The driving forces behind research activity in our discipline and the characteristics of radiological research are analyzed, postulating the need to return to the basics (simple, practical patient-centered research, as opposed to research based on technology) and pointing out the interest in the integration of recently constituted European organisms to promote multicenter research in medical imaging (EIBIR: European Institute for Biomedical Imaging Research).

La investigación de calidad y sus dificultades / Quality research and the difficulties involved therein

En el presente artículo, tras evaluar la situación actual de la investigación en nuestro país y de establecer el concepto y los requisitos de lo que se considera como «investigación de calidad», se analizan las dificultades existentes para llevarla a cabo (escasa consideración de la actividad investigadora, de la que se derivan la ausencia de apoyo apropiado y una financiación insuficiente, escasa preparación del personal investigador y falta de continuidad, entre otras) intentando definir las posibles soluciones a las mismas. Se considera también el importante papel que los Hospitales Universitarios van a cumplir como núcleos vertebradores de la investigación traslacional o de transferencia, coordinando la investigación y la práctica médica, y por ello la necesidad de su reorganización con vistas a esta trascendente misión.Se analizan las fuerzas conductoras de la actividad investigadora en nuestra disciplina y las características de la investigación radiológica, postulando la necesidad de una vuelta a los orígenes (investigación práctica y sencilla basada en el paciente, en contraposición a la investigación basada en la tecnología), destacando el interés de la integración en los organismos europeos de reciente formación que fomentan una investigación en imagen médica de carácter multicéntrico y de calidad (EIBIR: European Institute for Biomedical Imaging Research)

After an evaluation of the current situation of research in our country and establishing the concept and requisites of what is considered «quality research», this article will analyze the difficulties in carrying it out (lack of appreciation of research activity and consequent lack of necessary support and insufficient funding, lack of training for researchers, lack of continuity, among others), while trying to provide possible solutions to these problems. The important role of university hospitals will play as the backbone of translational research, coordinating research and medical practice, is also considered, together with the need to reorganize these institutions for this transcendent mission.The driving forces behind research activity in our discipline and the characteristics of radiological research are analyzed, postulating the need to return to the basics (simple, practical patient-centered research, as opposed to research based on technology) and pointing out the interest in the integration of recently constituted European organisms to promote multicenter research in medical imaging (EIBIR: European Institute for Biomedical Imaging Research)

[Renal magnetic resonance]. / Resonancia magnética renal.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the role of MRI in renal disease, its indications, advantages and disadvantages. To briefly describe the main MRI techniques and renal features depicted on MRI before and after administration of a contrast agent, and present the MRI findings in different renal conditions. METHODS: The images were obtained with the GE MR 0, 5 T. T1- and T2-weighted spin echo and echo gradient sequences were utilized according to the protocol described in the article. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: MRI is very useful in the study of renal disease due to its high spatial resolution. Its cost, and because it is not widely available, have limited the indications of MRI to those cases whose diagnosis cannot be established by other imaging techniques (US and CT) and patients in whom iodated contrast material (i.e., allergy to iodine or renal failure) or ionizing radiation (i.e., pregnancy) is contraindicated. MR has a high diagnostic reliability in the evaluation of the extent of the renal tumors. MR angiography and MR urography permit adequate and non-invasive assessment of the vascular and collecting systems without the need to utilize iodated contrast agents.

MRI evaluation of soft tissue hydatid disease.

Infestation in soft tissue by Echinococcus granulosus is not a common disease, and its diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory data and radiological findings. The aim of our retrospective study is to give an overview of the different signs and patterns shown by MRI that can be useful in characterizing soft tissue hydatid disease. The MRI images obtained in seven patients with soft tissue and subcutaneous hydatidosis were reviewed. Typical signs of hydatidosis were multivesicular lesions with or without hypointense peripheral ring ("rim sign"). Related to the presence and absence, respectively,of viable scolices in the microscopic exam, daughter cysts were presented either as high signal intensity or low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Low-intensity detached layers within the cyst and peripheral enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA were also presented. Atypical signs were presented in an infected muscular cyst, a subcutaneous unilocular cyst and several unilocular cysts. Knowledge of the different patterns in MRI of soft tissue hydatid disease can be useful in diagnosing this entity. We observed that the "rim sign" is not as common as in other locations, and in addition, MRI seems to be of assistance when evaluating the vitality of the cysts.

[Atypical algodystrophy of the knee: apropos 2 partial cases]. / Algodistrofia atípica de rodilla: a propósito de dos casos con forma parcial.

Algodystrophy is a common entity which may present in many clinical contexts. Its early diagnosis and therapy are of great prognostic interest. Apart from the typical complete forms there are some other atypical forms, such as partial knee algodystrophy, of difficult diagnosis. Its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of gonalgia occurring in patients attended under many medical specialties is therefore necessary. Two atypical cases of knee algodystrophy in its partial form are reported. One of these cases relapsed at the heterolateral knee after 18 months of the initial presentation; this second episode was also a partial form, a fact which we have not seen reported. The reported cases are here discussed and the scarce literature is reviewed, commenting on the difficulty of the early diagnosis compared with other entities which may mimic the clinical picture, radiological and scanning features of algodystrophy, such as aseptic osteonecrosis or stress fracture. The diagnostic algorithm is discussed, pointing to the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) in difficult cases to rule out other entities which would entail different therapeutic modalities.