ABSTRACT
Abstract Herein, we provide new occurrence records of Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. All new records here provide are located on Southern half of the state. Besides this, we provide the first record for species in Brazilian coastal zone. Those records improve considerably our knowledge regarding species distribution in Southern Brazil.
Resumo Aqui, nós fornecemos novos registros de ocorrência de Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. Todos os novos registros aqui fornecidos estão localizados na metade sul do estado. Além disso, nós fornecemos o primeiro registro para a espécie na zona costeira brasileira. Esses registros melhoram consideravelmente o nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição da espécie no Sul do Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anura/physiology , Animal Distribution , BrazilABSTRACT
Herein, we provide new occurrence records of Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. All new records here provide are located on Southern half of the state. Besides this, we provide the first record for species in Brazilian coastal zone. Those records improve considerably our knowledge regarding species distribution in Southern Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animal Distribution , Anura/physiology , Animals , BrazilABSTRACT
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by progressive weight loss, frequently accompanied by anorexia, sarcopenia, and chronic systemic inflammation. The white adipose tissue is markedly affected by cachexia and contributes to this syndrome throught the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors which reach the adjacent tissues and the circulation. A nonpharmacologic intervention that may attenuate cancer cachexia is chronic physical activity, but the effect of resistance training upon adipose tissue inflammation in cachexia has never been examined. For that purpose we designed a protocol in which animals were randomly assigned to a control group (CT, n=7), a Tumour bearing group (TB, n=7), a Resistance Trained group (RT, n=7) and a Resistance Trained tumour bearing group (RTTB, n=7). Trained rats climbed a vertical ladder with an extra load attached to the tail, representing 75-90% of total body mass, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. In the 6 th week of resistance training, tumour cells (3 × 10(7) Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) were inoculated in the tumour groups. Body, adipose tissue, muscle and tumour mass was determined, as well a blood biochemical parameters, and the hormone and cytokine profile assessed. The glycogen content of the liver and muscle was measured. IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression was evaluated in the mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT) examined. Resistance training increased by 9% body weight gain in RTTB (final weight 310.8 ± 9.8 g), when compared with TB (final weight 288.3 ± 4.9 g). LDL-c levels were decreased in RTTB (0.28 ± 0.9 mmol/L) by 43% when compared with TB (0.57 ± 0.1 mmol/L). HDL-c levels were increased in RTTB (1.31 ± 0.12 mmol/L) by 15% in regard to CT (1.13 ± 0.7 mmol/L) and 22% as compared with TB (1.07 ± 0.07 mmol/L). RTTB testosterone levels (577 ± 131 ng/mL) were 55% higher when compared with CT (254 ± 41.3 ng/mL) and 63% higher when compared with TB (221 ± 23.1 ng/mL). Adiponectin levels were augmented in RT (23 µg/mL) by 43% when compared with TB (11 µg/mL). Protein expression of IL-6 was increased 38% in TB MEAT (5.95 pg/µg), as compared with CT (3.64 pg/µg) and 50% compared with RTTB (2.91 pg/µg). Similar results with respect to TNF-α TB (7.18 pg/µg) were observed: 39% and 46%, higher protein expression in comparison with CT (4.63 pg/µg) and RTTB (3.8 pg/µg), respectively. IL-10 protein expression was found to be increased in TB (4.4 pg/µg) and RTTB (3.2 pg/µg) 50% and 47%, respectively, in comparison with CT (1.2 pu/µg). The IL-10/TNF-α ratio was higher in RTTB in relation to all others experimental groups. The results show a robust effect of resistance exercise training in preventing important symptoms of cancer cachexia, thus strongly suggesting it may appear as an alternative to endurance exercise as a non-pharmacological therapy in the management of this syndrome.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Lipids/blood , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Sarcoma/blood , Sarcoma/pathology , Adiponectin/blood , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Animals , Body Weight , Leptin/blood , Liver/metabolism , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Organ Size , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Resistance Training , Triglycerides/metabolismABSTRACT
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de biomassa, crescimento micelial e a colonização do substrato palha de arroz por Pleurotus ostreatus e Pleurotus ostreatoroseus, sob o efeito da adição de serragem de couro curtida ao tanino vegetal. O experimento 1 constituiu-se na formulação de meios de cultura, à base de palha de arroz adicionada de serragem de couro, nas concentrações 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30%. Discos de micélio de P. ostreatus (BF24) e P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06) foram transferidos para o centro de placas contendo meios previamente preparados. Eles foram incubados a 28º C. No segundo experimento, o substrato palha de arroz foi submetido as mesmas condições experimentais acima descritas. O substrato inoculado com as duas cepas foi acondicionado em tubos de ensaio e incubado a 28º C. A biomassa fúngica foi avaliada pela diferença de massa seca e massa úmida, enquanto que para o crescimento do micélio realizaram-se mensurações em períodos pré-determinados até a completa colonização do meio ou do substrato. Verificou-se que os tratamentos com adição de 5, 15 e 25% e 15% deste suplemento para P. ostreatus proporcionaram redução da biomassa e do crescimento micelial, respectivamente. Na fase de miceliação o acréscimo de 5% deste suplemento a palha de arroz apresentou efeito positivo para o desenvolvimento de P. ostreatus.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production, mycelial growth and colonization of rice-straw substrate by Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatoroseus under the effect of adding vegetable-tanned leather sawdust. The first experiment consisted of the formulation of the culture media based on rice straw with the addition of leather sawdust at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. Discs of mycelium of P. ostreatus (BF24) and P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06) were transferred to the center of plates containing previously prepared media. They were incubated at 28° C. In the second experiment rice straw substrate underwent the same experimental conditions described above. The substrate inoculated with the two strains was placed in test tubes and incubated at 28° C. The fungal biomass was evaluated by the difference between wet weight and dry weight, while for the mycelial growth, measurements were performed at predetermined times until the complete colonization of the medium or substrate. For P. ostreatus, it was found that the treatments with the addition of 5, 15 and 25% and 15% of this supplement led to a lower biomass and mycelial growth, respectively. In the mycelial growth phase the addition of 5% of this supplement to the rice straw had a positive effect on the development of P. ostreatus.
Subject(s)
Tanning , Pleurotus/growth & development , Mycelium/growth & developmentABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production, mycelial growth and colonization of rice-straw substrate by Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatoroseus under the effect of adding vegetable-tanned leather sawdust. The first experiment consisted of the formulation of the culture media based on rice straw with the addition of leather sawdust at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. Discs of mycelium of P. ostreatus (BF24) and P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06) were transferred to the center of plates containing previously prepared media. They were incubated at 28° C. In the second experiment rice straw substrate underwent the same experimental conditions described above. The substrate inoculated with the two strains was placed in test tubes and incubated at 28° C. The fungal biomass was evaluated by the difference between wet weight and dry weight, while for the mycelial growth, measurements were performed at predetermined times until the complete colonization of the medium or substrate. For P. ostreatus, it was found that the treatments with the addition of 5, 15 and 25% and 15% of this supplement led to a lower biomass and mycelial growth, respectively. In the mycelial growth phase the addition of 5% of this supplement to the rice straw had a positive effect on the development of P. ostreatus.
RESUMO O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de biomassa, crescimento micelial e a colonização do substrato palha de arroz por Pleurotus ostreatus e Pleurotus ostreatoroseus, sob o efeito da adição de serragem de couro curtida ao tanino vegetal. O experimento 1 constituiu-se na formulação de meios de cultura, à base de palha de arroz adicionada de serragem de couro, nas concentrações 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30%. Discos de micélio de P. ostreatus (BF24) e P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06) foram transferidos para o centro de placas contendo meios previamente preparados. Eles foram incubados a 28º C. No segundo experimento, o substrato palha de arroz foi submetido as mesmas condições experimentais acima descritas. O substrato inoculado com as duas cepas foi acondicionado em tubos de ensaio e incubado a 28º C. A biomassa fúngica foi avaliada pela diferença de massa seca e massa úmida, enquanto que para o crescimento do micélio realizaram-se mensurações em períodos pré-determinados até a completa colonização do meio ou do substrato. Verificou-se que os tratamentos com adição de 5, 15 e 25% e 15% deste suplemento para P. ostreatus proporcionaram redução da biomassa e do crescimento micelial, respectivamente. Na fase de miceliação o acréscimo de 5% deste suplemento a palha de arroz apresentou efeito positivo para o desenvolvimento de P. ostreatus.