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1.
Dysphagia ; 37(4): 724-735, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34586494

ABSTRACT

After a stroke, more than half of the patients have some kind of disability, and dysphagia is frequently found. Cervical auscultation by Doppler sonar is an innovative technique with gain of credibility in the clinical evaluation of swallowing. To verify the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler sonar along with the DeglutiSom® software as an auxiliary method in the evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients after stroke. The research is a cross-sectional, uncontrolled, blind, quantitative study with systematic random sampling. Patients from inpatient and outpatient units of a reference hospital with a stroke care unit were concomitantly submitted to both Doppler sonar and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES®). Seventy-three audio files collected from 26 patients through Doppler sonar were analyzed using DeglutiSom® software and confronted with the FEES® report, regarding three food consistencies offered to them during the exam. The study showed that the Doppler sonar correctly identified, among all the analyzed files, those that actually presented tracheal aspiration as well as it effectively identified patients who did not aspirate. The Youden index of 0.91 corroborates this information, showing a promising accuracy in detecting tracheal aspiration in the studied sample. The study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler sonar, showing that it can be used as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of tracheal aspiration in patients after stroke. It is important to emphasize that the identification of residue by this method requires further studies. Also, larger sample size and more than one blind evaluator should be considered in future researches to increase the reliability of the proposed method.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Stroke , Acoustics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Stroke/complications
2.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 24: e2113, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001369

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os valores das medidas acústicas da voz, extraídas de gravações vocais realizadas com dois tipos de microfones. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa 103 pessoas do sexo feminino, com idades entre 18 e 54 anos. Foram coletadas amostras da vogal sustentada /e/, captadas por dois microfones, simultaneamente: Shure SM58 e Karsect HT-9. Foi realizada a análise acústica das vozes, com a extração de valores de frequência fundamental (F0), variação da frequência (Jitter) e variação de amplitude dos segmentos fundamentais da voz (Shimmer) e proporção Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE). Resultados Houve diferenças entre os microfones apenas na medida de Shimmer, com predomínio de valores mais altos captados pelo Karsect HT-9. Porém, os resultados de ambos os microfones estiveram dentro dos padrões de normalidade do software utilizado. Conclusão Os resultados da análise acústica extraídos a partir da gravação de voz realizada com os microfones Shure SM58 e Karsect HT-9 foram semelhantes, concluindo-se que ambos os microfones podem ser utilizados para gravação do sinal sonoro na análise acústica.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare acoustic measurements of voice recorded by two types of microphones. Methods The study counted with 103 women from 18 to 54 years old. The recorded sample was the sustained vowel /ɛ/. The acoustic signal was picked up simultaneously by two unidirectional microphones: the Shure SM58 and the Karsect HT-9. The acoustic analysis was performed on these edited vocal samples. The measured parameters were F0, Jitter, Shimmer and Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE) ratio. Results Recurrent differences between the microphones were observed only in Shimmer measurement (p=0.026); the Karsect HT-9 presented higher values. However, the acoustic measures were within the normal range for healthy voices, despite of the microphone used. Conclusion The acoustic analysis results extracted from the voice recording performed with the Shure SM58 and the Karsect HT-9 microphones were similar. Hence, it can be deduced that, connected to a high-quality interface, both microphones can be used in the acoustic analysis to record the sound signal.


Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality , Tape Recording , Brazil , Statistics, Nonparametric
3.
Codas ; 30(4): e20170046, 2018 Jul 23.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30043899

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the auditory perception of lay judges of the voice gender identification of women with Reinke's edema and to associate it with its severity and fundamental frequency (F0). METHODS: This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. A total of 46 lay judges analyzed 48 samples (counting numbers 1 to 10) of 24 women with Reinke's edema - the Reinke's Edema Group (REG) and 24 individuals, men and women, with other types of voice disorders - Control Group (CG). The judges had to classify the voices as being of a man or a woman. Additionally, they needed to indicate their certainty or not about their choice. Results were associated with the severity of the Reinke's edema (Type 1, 2 or 3) and the F0 (extracted from the vowel /Ɛ/). RESULTS: Misidentification of gender was higher in the REG and certainty about the choice was higher in the CG. Type 1 cases caused fewer misidentifications compared to type 2 and 3. The women's voices that were identified as male voices had a lower F0 (141Hz) when compared to voices that were correctly identified (149Hz). CONCLUSION: Women with Reinke's edema are frequently identified as men. Lower F0 was related with more misidentification and less certainty when assessing the speaker's gender.


OBJETIVO: Investigar a percepção auditiva de juízes leigos quanto ao gênero de mulheres com edema de Reinke, relacionada com o grau do edema e a frequência fundamental da voz. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Participaram 46 juízes leigos que analisaram 48 vozes disfônicas - 24 vozes de mulheres com Edema de Reinke (Grupo Edema de Reinke - GER) e 24 vozes de mulheres e homens com outros tipos de disfonias (Grupo Controle - GC). Os juízes analisaram a contagem de números de 1 a 10 e julgaram as vozes como pertencentes a homem ou mulher, além de descreverem também se tinham certeza ou dúvida quanto à resposta. Os resultados do GER foram associados ao Grau do Edema (1, 2 ou 3) e à frequência fundamental média (F0), analisada por meio da vogal /Ɛ/. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que a porcentagem de erros em relação ao gênero foi maior no GER quando comparada à do GC, o percentual de certezas quanto ao gênero foi maior no GC. No GER, edemas de grau 1 ocasionaram menos erros quando comparados aos graus 2 e 3. A média da F0 das mulheres cujas vozes foram julgadas como masculinas (141 Hz) foi menor do que as identificadas corretamente (149 Hz). CONCLUSÃO: Por meio da avaliação de juízes leigos, as vozes das mulheres com edema de Reinke são identificadas como vozes masculinas. O aumento do grau do edema e a redução da F0 estão relacionados à maior quantidade de erros e/ou dúvidas em relação à identificação do gênero de mulheres com edema de Reinke .


Subject(s)
Auditory Perception/physiology , Gender Identity , Judgment , Laryngeal Edema/diagnosis , Voice Quality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Characteristics , Speech Acoustics , Voice Disorders/etiology , Young Adult
4.
Rev. CEFAC ; 20(2): 201-208, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896538

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare the results of maximum phonation times (MPTs) under two different forms of speech-language pathology orientation to extract these measures. Methods: 60 women between 17 and 23 years divided equally into two groups participated: Study Group (SG) - that performed the task under the two forms of orientation (traditional orientation and with control request of the air outlet); and the Control Group (CG) - which carried out the task in a single form of orientation (traditional one). The procedures performed comprised the extraction of MPT in the vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/, the fricatives /s/ and /z/ and numbers counting. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results: by comparing the two groups at the first instant of the MPT emissions, no statistically significant differences were found. However, when the second instant was compared, there were differences in most emissions, which indicates that the air control request promotes the increase of MPTs. Conclusion: the way the speech-language pathologist guides the performance of the maximum phonation times, during the evaluation of these measures, requesting the individual tomaximally control air exit, modifies the result of the extraction of the temporal measures of the voice, which must be considered in the daily vocal clinical practice.


RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os resultados dos tempos máximos de fonação (TMF) sob duas formas distintas de orientação fonoaudiológica para extração dessas medidas. Métodos: participaram 60 mulheres com idades entre 17 e 23 anos que foram divididas igualmente em: Grupo Estudo (GE) - que realizaram a tarefa sob as duas formas de orientação (orientação tradicional e com solicitação de controle na saída do ar); e Grupo Controle (GC) - que realizaram a tarefa sob uma única forma de orientação por duas vezes (orientação tradicional). Os procedimentos realizados compreenderam a extração do TMF das vogais /a/, /i/ e /u/, das fricativas /s/ e /z/ e da contagem de números. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: ao comparar os dois grupos no primeiro momento das emissões dos TMFs, observou-se que não há diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre eles. No entanto, quando o segundo momento foi comparado, houve diferenças na maioria das emissões, indicando que a solicitação do controle do ar promoveu o aumento dos TMFs. Conclusão: a forma do fonoaudiólogo orientar a realização dos tempos máximos de fonação, solicitando ao indivíduo o controle máximo da saída do ar, modifica o resultado da extração das medidas temporais da voz, o que deve ser considerado na prática clínica vocal diária.

5.
CoDAS ; 30(4): e20170046, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952865

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a percepção auditiva de juízes leigos quanto ao gênero de mulheres com edema de Reinke, relacionada com o grau do edema e a frequência fundamental da voz. Método Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Participaram 46 juízes leigos que analisaram 48 vozes disfônicas - 24 vozes de mulheres com Edema de Reinke (Grupo Edema de Reinke - GER) e 24 vozes de mulheres e homens com outros tipos de disfonias (Grupo Controle - GC). Os juízes analisaram a contagem de números de 1 a 10 e julgaram as vozes como pertencentes a homem ou mulher, além de descreverem também se tinham certeza ou dúvida quanto à resposta. Os resultados do GER foram associados ao Grau do Edema (1, 2 ou 3) e à frequência fundamental média (F0), analisada por meio da vogal /Ɛ/. Resultados Observou-se que a porcentagem de erros em relação ao gênero foi maior no GER quando comparada à do GC, o percentual de certezas quanto ao gênero foi maior no GC. No GER, edemas de grau 1 ocasionaram menos erros quando comparados aos graus 2 e 3. A média da F0 das mulheres cujas vozes foram julgadas como masculinas (141 Hz) foi menor do que as identificadas corretamente (149 Hz). Conclusão Por meio da avaliação de juízes leigos, as vozes das mulheres com edema de Reinke são identificadas como vozes masculinas. O aumento do grau do edema e a redução da F0 estão relacionados à maior quantidade de erros e/ou dúvidas em relação à identificação do gênero de mulheres com edema de Reinke .


ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the auditory perception of lay judges of the voice gender identification of women with Reinke's edema and to associate it with its severity and fundamental frequency (F0). Methods This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. A total of 46 lay judges analyzed 48 samples (counting numbers 1 to 10) of 24 women with Reinke's edema - the Reinke's Edema Group (REG) and 24 individuals, men and women, with other types of voice disorders - Control Group (CG). The judges had to classify the voices as being of a man or a woman. Additionally, they needed to indicate their certainty or not about their choice. Results were associated with the severity of the Reinke's edema (Type 1, 2 or 3) and the F0 (extracted from the vowel /Ɛ/). Results Misidentification of gender was higher in the REG and certainty about the choice was higher in the CG. Type 1 cases caused fewer misidentifications compared to type 2 and 3. The women's voices that were identified as male voices had a lower F0 (141Hz) when compared to voices that were correctly identified (149Hz). Conclusion Women with Reinke's edema are frequently identified as men. Lower F0 was related with more misidentification and less certainty when assessing the speaker's gender.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Auditory Perception/physiology , Voice Quality , Laryngeal Edema/diagnosis , Gender Identity , Judgment , Speech Acoustics , Severity of Illness Index , Voice Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Characteristics , Middle Aged
6.
Codas ; 27(1): 97-100, 2015.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25885203

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To characterize the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 from vocal emissions of amateur singers with metallic voice quality. METHODS: There were 60 amateur female singers aged between 18 and 60 years old; 30 women with metallic voice quality forming the study group (SG) and 30 women without such a vocal quality forming control group (CG). The sample was selected through voice screening confirmed by reviewers after reaching a consensus. Regarding data collection, sustained vowel emissions in usual tone and at two predetermined frequencies, by which the values of F0 and frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 were obtained, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Comparing the emissions in usual tone, no difference for F0 was found, but the values of the formants F2, F3, and F4 were higher in the SG. In the preestablished tones, there was a difference between the two groups in the formants F3 and F4 for both tones. CONCLUSION: It is possible to characterize metallic voice quality as a normal fundamental frequency, with increasing frequency of the F2 formant, and values of frequencies of formants F2, F3, and F4 higher when compared to the CG.


Subject(s)
Singing/physiology , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Music , Sound Spectrography , Young Adult
7.
CoDAS ; 27(1): 97-100, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742836

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To characterize the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 from vocal emissions of amateur singers with metallic voice quality. METHODS: There were 60 amateur female singers aged between 18 and 60 years old; 30 women with metallic voice quality forming the study group (SG) and 30 women without such a vocal quality forming control group (CG). The sample was selected through voice screening confirmed by reviewers after reaching a consensus. Regarding data collection, sustained vowel emissions in usual tone and at two predetermined frequencies, by which the values of F0 and frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 were obtained, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Comparing the emissions in usual tone, no difference for F0 was found, but the values of the formants F2, F3, and F4 were higher in the SG. In the preestablished tones, there was a difference between the two groups in the formants F3 and F4 for both tones. CONCLUSION: It is possible to characterize metallic voice quality as a normal fundamental frequency, with increasing frequency of the F2 formant, and values of frequencies of formants F2, F3, and F4 higher when compared to the CG. .


OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a frequência fundamental (F0) e frequência de formantes F1, F2, F3 e F4 das emissões vocais de cantoras amadoras com qualidade vocal metálica. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 60 cantoras amadoras, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos, sendo 30 mulheres de qualidade vocal metálica integrando o grupo estudo (GE) e 30 mulheres sem essa qualidade vocal compondo o grupo controle (GC). A amostra foi selecionada através de triagem vocal confirmada por avaliadores, em consenso. Para a coleta de dados, foram gravadas e analisadas emissões de vogal sustentada em tom habitual e em duas frequências pré-determinadas, pelas quais extraíram-se os valores de F0 e frequência de formantes F1, F2, F3 e F4. RESULTADOS: Quanto à comparação das emissões em tom habitual, não houve diferença para F0, mas os valores dos formantes F2, F3 e F4 foram maiores no GE. Nas tonalidades pré-estabelecidas, verificou-se diferença entre os dois grupos nos formantes F3 e F4, em ambos os tons. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível caracterizar a qualidade de voz metálica como de voz de frequência fundamental normal, com frequência de formante F2 aumentado, e valores de frequências de formantes F2, F3 e F4 maiores quando comparados ao GC. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Singing/physiology , Speech Acoustics , Voice Quality/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Music , Sound Spectrography
8.
J Acoust Soc Am ; 114(5): 2893-905, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14650023

ABSTRACT

A three-dimensional model is presented to simulate the larynx during vocalization. The finite element method is used to calculate the airflow velocity and pressure along the larynx as well as tissue displacement. It is assumed that the larynx tissue is transversely isotropic and divided into three tissues: cover, ligament, and body. A contact-impact algorithm is incorporated to deal with the physics of the collision between both true vocal folds. The results show that the simulated larynx can reproduce the vertical and horizontal phase difference in the tissue movements and that the false vocal folds affect the pressure distribution over the larynx surfaces. The effects of exciting the larynx with different pressure drops are also investigated.


Subject(s)
Larynx/physiology , Models, Anatomic , Phonation/physiology , Humans , Larynx/anatomy & histology
9.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 69(1): 7-14, jan.-fev. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-335798

ABSTRACT

FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MÉTODO: Um modelo matemático das equaçöes aerodinâmicas e viscoelásticas da laringe, reproduzindo suas características anatômicos e fisiológicos, é proposto para simular a laringe durante a fonaçäo. OBJETIVO: Fornecer uma ferramenta nova para a disciplina de otorrinolaringologia de maneira a compreender melhor os fenômenos físicos presentes na fonaçäo, tanto em casos normais quanto em patológicos. RESULTADO: Os resultados obtidos mostram que diversos fenômenos físicos como a diferença de fase horizontal e vertical entre os movimentos da superfície das pregas vocais, a formaçäo de pressäo negativa sobre a porçäo superior da glote e a formaçäo de torvelinhos após a constriçäo glotal säo reproduzidos pelo modelo. Adicionalmente, estudos teóricos sobre algumas doenças da laringe säo apresentados e discutidos, sugerindo que avaliaçöes prévias e "virtuais" de intervençöes cirúrgicas seräo passíveis de realizaçäo


Subject(s)
Glottis , Larynx , Otolaryngology , Vocal Cords
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