ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic status in immunologically naive patients and the risk of preeclampsia at the time of delivery. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients admitted to our institution from August 1 to September 30, 2020. We recorded maternal medical and obstetric characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 serologic status. Our primary outcome was the incidence of preeclampsia. Antibody testing was performed, and patients were classified into seropositive groups: immunoglobulin (Ig)G + , IgM + , or both IgG+ and IgM + . Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: We included 275 patients that were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and 165 that were positive. Seropositivity was not associated with higher rates of preeclampsia (p = 0.183) or with preeclampsia with severe features (p = 0.916) even after adjusting for maternal age >35, BMI ≥ 30, nulliparity, and previous history of preeclampsia, and type of serologic status. Previous preeclampsia had the greatest association with the development of preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR] = 13.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.98-36.09; p < 0.05) and with preeclampsia with severe features (OR = 5.46; 95% CI: 1.65-18.02; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that in an obstetric population, there was no association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and the risk of preeclampsia. KEY POINTS: · Pregnant people with acute COVID-19 are at an increased risk of developing preeclampsia.. · Seroconversion during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.. · Further study regarding the timing of infection and its association with preeclampsia is necessary..
ABSTRACT
Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae) is native to Central Africa popularly known as myrrh, used in folk medicine to treat various diseases like malaria, gastroenteritis, and tropical skin disease. This research was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the crude extract (CE) and fractions (FR) of the T. riparia by classical chromatography. The CE of T. riparia leaves was submitted to column chromatographic fractionation to obtain four fractions of the interest, which were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrum: FR-I (abieta-7,9(11)-dien-13-ß-ol), FR-II (Ibozol), FR-III (8 (14), 15-sandaracopimaradiene-2α, 18-diol and 8 (14), 15-sandaracopimaradiene-7α, 18-diol), and FR-IV (Astragalin, Boronolide and Luteolin). Total phenol content of CE and FR were measured, and antioxidant action by methods of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ß-carotene/linoleic acid system, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The FR-IV presented antioxidant potential with 181.67 µg gallic acid/mg, IC50 of 0.61 µg/mL by DPPH method, 55.61% oxidation protection by ß-carotene/linoleic acid system and 4.59 µM ferrous sulfate/mg of sample by FRAP, and the FR-I showed higher antibacterial potential on the strain Staphylococcus aureus with MIC 0.98 µg/mL, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus with MIC 31.2 µg/mL. Thus, the fractionation of CE was extremely important to detect fractions with potential activities, and investigations are necessary regarding the mechanism of action and action in vivo.
