Proteomic Insights into Biology of Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Health Complexity and Mortality.

OBJECTIVE: The present study has the following objectives: 1) identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways in blood samples of BD compared to healthy controls by employing high-throughput proteomics and bioinformatics and 2) characterize disease-related molecular signatures through in-depth analysis of the differentially expressed proteins and pathways. METHODS: Blood samples from BD patients (n=10) classified into high (BD+) or poor functioning (BD-), based on functional and cognitive status, and healthy controls (n=5) were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics was performed to detect biological processes, pathways, and diseases related to BD. RESULTS: Eight proteins exclusively characterized the molecular profile of patients with BD+ compared to HC, while 26 altered proteins were observed in the BD- group. These altered proteins were mainly enriched in biological processes related to lipid metabolism, complement system and coagulation cascade, and cardiovascular diseases; all these changes were more prominent in the BD- group. CONCLUSION: These findings may represent systemic alterations that occur with the progression of the illness and a possible link between BD and medical comorbidities. Such comprehensive understanding provides valuable insights for targeted interventions, addressing mental and physical health aspects in subjects with BD. Despite these promising findings, further research is warranted, encompassing larger sample cohorts and incorporating biological validation through molecular biology methods.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) in a sample of bereaved individuals.

The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) evaluates the ability to integrate stressful experiences into one's meaning system. The present study developed and validated a version of this scale for a bereaved Portuguese-speaking population, utilizing a sample of 242 adults who had lost a significant other to diverse causes of death. The sample was predominantly female, educated, married, or in consensual unions, and actively employed. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, consisting of 13 items, showing adequate local and global goodness-of-fit and supporting the proposed original structure. Convergent evidence based on internal structure was found for the two dimensions (Comprehensibility and Footing in the World). Regarding reliability, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega computed for each factor showed good internal consistency and the average inter-item correlation was considered satisfactory. This psychometric support for ISLES underscores its relevance in enhancing the knowledge of meaning-making processes in the Portuguese context.

Childhood maltreatment and health in the UK Biobank: triangulation of outcome-wide and polygenic risk score analyses.

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is common globally and impacts morbidity, mortality, and well-being. Our understanding of its impact is constrained by key substantive and methodological limitations of extant research, including understudied physical health outcomes and bias due to unmeasured confounding. We address these limitations through a large-scale outcome-wide triangulation study. METHODS: We performed two outcome-wide analyses (OWAs) in the UK Biobank. First, we examined the relationship between self-reported maltreatment exposure (number of maltreatment types, via Childhood Trauma Screener) and 414 outcomes in a sub-sample of 157,316 individuals using generalized linear models ("observational OWA"). Outcomes covered a broad range of health themes including health behaviors, cardiovascular disease, digestive health, socioeconomic status, and pain. Second, we examined the relationship between a polygenic risk score for maltreatment and 298 outcomes in a non-overlapping sample of 243,006 individuals ("genetic OWA"). We triangulated results across OWAs based on differing sources of bias. RESULTS: Overall, 23.8% of the analytic sample for the observational OWA reported at least one maltreatment type. Of 298 outcomes examined in both OWAs, 25% were significant in both OWAs and concordant in the direction of association. Most of these were considered robust in the observational OWA according to sensitivity analyses and included outcomes such as marital separation (OR from observational OWA, ORo = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.29); OR from genetic OWA, ORg = 1.06 (1.03, 1.08)), major diet changes due to illness (ORo = 1.27 (1.24, 1.29); ORg = 1.01 (1.00, 1.03)), certain intestinal diseases (ORo = 1.14 (1.10, 1.18); ORg = 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)), hearing difficulty with background noise (ORo = 1.11 (1.11, 1.12); ORg = 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)), knee arthrosis (ORo = 1.13 (1.09, 1.18); ORg = 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)), frequent sleeplessness (ORo = 1.21 (1.20, 1.23); ORg = 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)), and low household income (ORo = 1.28 (1.26, 1.31); ORg = 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)). Approximately 62% of results were significant in the observational OWA but not the genetic OWA, including numerous cardiovascular outcomes. Only 6 outcomes were significant in the genetic OWA and null in the observational OWA; these included diastolic blood pressure and glaucoma. No outcomes were statistically significant in opposite directions in the two analyses, and 11% were not significant in either OWA. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the far-reaching negative effects of childhood maltreatment in later life and the utility of an outcome-wide triangulation design with sensitivity analyses for improving causal inference.

Drug Repurposing and Personalized Treatment Strategies for Bipolar Disorder Using Transcriptomic.

OBJECTIVE: The present study combined transcriptomic data and computational techniques based on gene expression signatures to identify novel bioactive compounds or FDA-approved drugs for the management of Bipolar Disorder (BD). METHODS: Five transcriptomic datasets, comprising a total of 165 blood samples from BD case-control, were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GEO). The number of subjects varied from 6 to 60, with a mean age ranging from 35 to 48, with a gender variation between them. Most of the patients were on pharmacological treatment. Master Regulator Analysis (MRA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify statistically significant genes between BD and HC and their association with the mood states of BD. Additionally, existing molecules with the potential to reverse the transcriptomic profiles of disease-altered regulons in BD were identified using the LINCS and cMap databases. RESULTS: MRA identified 59 potential MRs candidates modulating the regulatory units enriched with genes altered in BD, while the GSEA identified 134 enriched genes, and a total of 982 regulons had their activation state determined. Both analyses showed genes exclusively associated with mania, depression, or euthymia, and some genes were common between the three mood states. We identified bioactive compounds and licensed drug candidates, including antihypertensives and antineoplastics, as promising candidates for treating BD. Nevertheless, experimental validation is essential to authenticate these findings in subsequent studies. CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, our data provides some insights regarding the biological patterns of BD into distinct mood states and potential therapeutic targets. The combined transcriptomic and bioinformatics strategy offers a route to advance drug discovery and personalized medicine by tapping into gene expression information.

Is Negative Affect that Bad? The Effect of Affective States on Conventional and Unconventional Creative Thinking in University Students.

Introduction: The role of affective states on the creative process has been receiving the attention of researchers and has led to contradictory results. Most research in creativity has emphasized the role of affective states, mainly positive ones, on creativity levels, namely those resulting from divergent thinking tasks that reveal the unconventional way of thinking in the creative process. However, there are no studies to date that focus on the impact of affective states on conventional and unconventional thinking, during the same creative process, which consider a single creative assessment task. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze the effect of induced affective states on both conventional and unconventional thinking of creativity in adults by using the TCT-DP (Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production). Method: Seventy-five university students, mostly female, with a mean age of 26.95 years, were randomly assigned into three affect elicitation conditions (pleasant vs. unpleasant vs. neutral). Results: Results indicated that the negative affective state led to higher levels of conventional thinking when compared to positive and neutral affective states. However, no significant differences were found on unconventional thinking across the three conditions. Conclusions: Our results do not support the assumption that the negative affect has a hindering effect on creativity nor the positive affect increases creativity. Negative affect seems to promote conventional thinking, perhaps due to its cognitive correlates, which can be manifested in focusing attention and analytic thinking. Practical and theoretical implications for future research on the role of affective states on creativity are discussed.

Introducción: El papel de los estados afectivos en el proceso creativo ha sido objeto de atención por parte de los investigadores y ha dado lugar a resultados contradictorios. La mayor parte de la investigación en creatividad ha hecho hincapié en el papel de los estados afectivos, principalmente los positivos, sobre los niveles de creatividad. A saber, los resultantes de las tareas de pensamiento divergente que revelan la forma no convencional de pensar en el proceso creativo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto de los estados afectivos inducidos en dos dimensiones distintas del pensamiento creativo en adultos. Método: Setenta y cinco voluntarios, en su mayoría mujeres, con una edad media de 26.95 años, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a tres condiciones de elicitación de estados afectivos (agradable vs desagradable vs neutral), justo antes de realizar una tarea de creatividad figurativa. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que el estado afectivo negativo condujo a niveles más altos de pensamiento convencional. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados no apoyan ni la hipótesis de que el afecto negativo tiene un efecto perjudicial sobre la creatividad ni la de que el afecto positivo aumenta la creatividad. El afecto negativo parece promover el pensamiento convencional, quizá debido a sus correlatos cognitivos, que pueden manifestarse en la atención focalizada y el pensamiento analítico. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas para futuras investigaciones sobre el papel de los estados afectivos en la creatividad.

Editorial for Special Issue "Psychophysiology and Experimental Psychology".

The first experimental laboratory in psychology was founded in Leipzig (Germany), where Wilhelm Wundt mainly investigated feelings and sensations by employing experimental methods. Almost a century and half after is debut, experimental laboratories have extremely evolved in terms of apparatus, instruments, and recording techniques. Under a multiand interdisciplinary perspective, we can now better understand human cognitive and affective processes. As current zeitgeist has placed increasing emphasis upon the ecologically valid research, an "out-of-thelab" approach, integrated with both human and nonhuman research, is expected to leverage scientific advances in the field of human behavior.

El primer laboratorio experimental de psicología se fundó en Leipzig (Alemania), donde Wilhelm Wundt investigó principalmente los sentimientos y las sensaciones empleando métodos experimentales. Casi siglo y medio después de su debut, los laboratorios experimentales han evolucionado enormemente en cuanto a aparatos, instrumentos y técnicas de registro. Bajo una perspectiva multi e interdisciplinar, ahora podemos comprender mejor los procesos cognitivos y afectivos humanos. Dado que el zeitgeist actual ha puesto cada vez más énfasis en la investigación válida ecológicamente, se espera que un enfoque "fuera del laboratorio", integrado con la investigación humana y no humana, impulse los avances científicos en el campo del comportamiento humano.

FamFac - A Database of Famous Faces for Psychology Experiments.

Introduction: High variation in the low-level proprieties of visual stimuli and varying degrees of familiarity with famous faces may have caused a bias in the results of investigations that tried to disentangle the processes involved in familiar and unfamiliar face processing (e.g., temporal differences in the detection of the first event-related potentials specialized in face processing may have been caused by different methods of controlling variance in the low-level proprieties of visual stimuli). Objective: To address these problems, we developed a freely available database of 183 famous faces whose low-level proprieties (brightness, size, resolution) have been homogenized and the level of familiarity established. Method: The brightness of the stimuli was standardized by a custom-developed algorithm. The size and the resolution of the pictures were homogenized in Gimp. The familiarity level of the famous faces was established by a group of 48 Portuguese college students. Results: Our results suggest that the brightness of each image did not differ significantly from the mean brightness value of the stimuli set, confirming the standardizing ability of the algorithm. Forty-one famous faces were classified as highly familiar. Main findings and implications: This study provides two important resources, as both the algorithm and the database are freely available for research purposes. The homogenization of the low-level features and the control of the level of familiarity of the famous faces included in our database should ensure that they do not elicit confounding effects such as the ones verified in past studies.

Introducción: La existencia de una gran variación en las propiedades de bajo nivel de estímulos visuales y la ocurrencia de diversos grados de familiaridad con rostros famosos pueden haber causado un sesgo en los resultados de las investigaciones que intentaron desentrañar los procesos involucrados en el procesamiento de rostros familiares y desconocidos (por ejemplo, las diferencias temporales en la detección de los primeros potenciales relacionados con eventos especializados en el procesamiento de rostros puede ser explicada por diferentes métodos para controlar la variación en las propiedades de bajo nivel de los estímulos visuales). Objetivo: Para mitigar estos problemas, desarrollamos una base de datos de 183 caras famosas, disponible gratuitamente, cuyas propiedades de bajo nivel (brillo, tamaño, resolución) fueron homogeneizados y el nivel de familiaridad medido. Método: El brillo de los estímulos fue estandarizado por un algoritmo personalizado. El tamaño y la resolución de las imágenes fueran homogeneizadas en Gimp. El nivel de familiaridad de los rostros famosos fue medido por un grupo de 48 estudiantes universitarios portugueses. Resultados: Nuestros resultados sugirieron que el brillo de cada imagen no difiere significativamente del valor de brillo medio del conjunto de estímulos. Cuarenta y un rostros famosos fueron clasificados como altamente familiares. Principales implicaciones. Este estudio proporciona dos recursos importantes, ya que tanto el algoritmo como la base de datos están disponibles gratuitamente para fines de investigación. Los procedimientos de homogeneización deben garantizar que los estímulos incluidos en la base de datos no provoquen efectos de confusión como los verificados en estudios anteriores.

Measuring Sexual Motivation as a Trait Dimension: A multisample study of the Portuguese (European) Version of the Trait Sexual Motivation Questionnaire.

The current study aimed at translating and validating the TSMQ into Portuguese-European (TSMQ-PT) and to investigate its psychometric properties. Three online studies were conducted with independent samples collected between September 2020 and March 2022. Study 1 tested the exploratory factorial structure (N = 325; 206 women); Study 2 explored the confirmatory factorial structure and construct validity (N = 450; 230 women); and Study 3 examined the temporal stability of the TSMQ-PT (N = 30; 15 women). Participants completed the TSMQ-PT for all three studies. In study 2, further completed the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Sexual Desire Inventory. Data revealed that the TSMQ-PT yielded a four-structure model, (i.e., Sexually Oriented, Comparison with Others, Seeking for Sexual Encounters, and Importance of Sex) comprising 13 items, with seven additional items for assessing existence and number of sexual partners, and frequency of sexual behaviors. The TSMQ-PT achieved good internal consistency levels (McDonald's omega ranged from .71 to .89) and construct validity, and temporal stability over 10-11 months (values ranged from .80 to .87) supporting the trait-dimension of sexual motivation. Current findings support a brief, valid, and reliable self-report instrument for assessing sexual motivation in the Portuguese context.

How much is a chef's touch worth? Affective, emotional and behavioural responses to food images: A multimodal study.

BACKGROUND: Food aesthetics influences affective dimensions (valence and arousal) and subsequent emotional and behavioural responses in images presented in more traditional form, almost rustic in some cases, to the signature dishes of haute cuisine. However, the visual impact of images of haute cuisine dishes on consumers' affective and emotional responses compared to traditional dishes is still understudied. METHODS: We recorded electrodermal activity, ocular movements and self-report affect of 35 volunteers while they performed a picture viewing paradigm using images of haute cuisine food, traditional food, and non-food. Additionally, the moderating role of age was examined. RESULTS: Our results showed that subjects had higher feelings of pleasure and arousal toward images of food (haute cuisine and traditional dishes) compared to non-food images. However, no difference in self-report affect, physiological and behavioural responses was found between haute cuisine and traditional dishes. Interestingly, a moderating effect of age was revealed, reporting that younger participants had greater feelings of pleasure and shorter eye-to-screen distance towards traditional food than haute cuisine. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, our findings suggest that food aesthetics could at least partially affect consumers' affective and emotional responses. Interestingly, physiological responses to food pictures seemed to be relatively independent of approach/avoidance motivational states, supporting the assumption that traditional visual restaurant menus with attractive images might be insufficient for eliciting intense positive emotions. This study also contributes to advancing the understanding of the role that age plays in emotional impact when images of haute cuisine dishes are presented to consumers.

Effects of virtual reality guided meditation in older adults: the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) based meditation has been shown to help increase relaxation and decrease anxiety and depression in younger adults. However, this has not been studied in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) in the older adult population. The aim of this RCT is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a VR-guided meditation intervention for community-dwelling older adults and its effect on stress and mental health. Methods: We will recruit 30 participants aged ≥ 60 years, whose perceived stress score (PSS) is > 14 (moderate stress), and randomize them 1:1 to the intervention or control waitlist group. The intervention will involve exposure to eight 15-min VR-guided meditation sessions distributed twice weekly for 4-weeks. Two modalities will be offered: in-home and at the hospital. Data analysis: Baseline and post-intervention assessments will evaluate perceived stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, quality of life, and mindfulness skills. Analyses will employ mixed methods repeated ANOVA tests. Qualitative analyses through semi-structured interviews and participant observation will be used to assess participants' experiences. Study outcomes include: (A) feasibility and acceptability compared to a waitlist control (B) stress, using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); (C) anxiety, and depression, using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); (D) insomnia, quality of life and mindfulness skills, using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Forms (FFMQ-SF), respectively. We will also measure immersive tendencies, sickness and sense of presence using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Presence Questionnaire (PQ). Discussion: Virtual reality-guided meditation could be an acceptable, feasible, safe, and cost-effective novel alternative health intervention for improving older adults' mental health.Clinical trial registration: NCT05315609 at https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Thermally-assisted photosensitized emission in a trivalent terbium complex.

Luminescent lanthanide complexes containing effective photosensitizers are promising materials for use in displays and sensors. The photosensitizer design strategy has been studied for developing the lanthanide-based luminophores. Herein, we demonstrate a photosensitizer design using dinuclear luminescent lanthanide complex, which exhibits thermally-assisted photosensitized emission. The lanthanide complex comprised Tb(III) ions, six tetramethylheptanedionates, and phosphine oxide bridge containing a phenanthrene frameworks. The phenanthrene ligand and Tb(III) ions are the energy donor (photosensitizer) and acceptor (emission center) parts, respectively. The energy-donating level of the ligand (lowest excited triplet (T1) level = 19,850 cm-1) is lower than the emitting level of the Tb(III) ion (5D4 level = 20,500 cm-1). The long-lived T1 state of the energy-donating ligands promoted an efficient thermally-assisted photosensitized emission of the Tb(III) acceptor (5D4 level), resulting in a pure-green colored emission with a high photosensitized emission quantum yield (73%).

Psychosis brain subtypes validated in first-episode cohorts and related to illness remission: results from the PHENOM consortium.

Using machine learning, we recently decomposed the neuroanatomical heterogeneity of established schizophrenia to discover two volumetric subgroups-a 'lower brain volume' subgroup (SG1) and an 'higher striatal volume' subgroup (SG2) with otherwise normal brain structure. In this study, we investigated whether the MRI signatures of these subgroups were also already present at the time of the first-episode of psychosis (FEP) and whether they were related to clinical presentation and clinical remission over 1-, 3-, and 5-years. We included 572 FEP and 424 healthy controls (HC) from 4 sites (Sao Paulo, Santander, London, Melbourne) of the PHENOM consortium. Our prior MRI subgrouping models (671 participants; USA, Germany, and China) were applied to both FEP and HC. Participants were assigned into 1 of 4 categories: subgroup 1 (SG1), subgroup 2 (SG2), no subgroup membership ('None'), and mixed SG1 + SG2 subgroups ('Mixed'). Voxel-wise analyses characterized SG1 and SG2 subgroups. Supervised machine learning analyses characterized baseline and remission signatures related to SG1 and SG2 membership. The two dominant patterns of 'lower brain volume' in SG1 and 'higher striatal volume' (with otherwise normal neuromorphology) in SG2 were identified already at the first episode of psychosis. SG1 had a significantly higher proportion of FEP (32%) vs. HC (19%) than SG2 (FEP, 21%; HC, 23%). Clinical multivariate signatures separated the SG1 and SG2 subgroups (balanced accuracy = 64%; p < 0.0001), with SG2 showing higher education but also greater positive psychosis symptoms at first presentation, and an association with symptom remission at 1-year, 5-year, and when timepoints were combined. Neuromorphological subtypes of schizophrenia are already evident at illness onset, separated by distinct clinical presentations, and differentially associated with subsequent remission. These results suggest that the subgroups may be underlying risk phenotypes that could be targeted in future treatment trials and are critical to consider when interpreting neuroimaging literature.

Temporal profile of intranasal oxytocin in the human autonomic nervous system at rest: An electrocardiography and pupillometry study.

BACKGROUND: Human social behavior is modulated by oxytocin (OT). Intranasal administration of OT (IN-OT) is a noninvasive route shown to elicit changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity; however, IN-OT's effect on the temporal profile of ANS activity at rest is yet to be described. AIMS: We aimed to describe the temporal profile of IN-OT at six 10-min time windows from 15- to 100-min post-administration in 20 male participants at rest while continuously recording their pupillary in an eyes-open condition and cardiac activity in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. METHODS: We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design study where we extracted two proxies of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity: high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) and pupillary unrest index (PUI); and a proxy of sympathetic nervous system activity: sample entropy of the pupillary unrest. RESULTS: In the eyes-open condition, we found an effect of IN-OT on the proxies of PNS activity: decreased PUI in the three-time windows post-administration spanning 65-100 min, and as an exploratory finding, an increased HF-HRV in the 80-85 min time window. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest there is a role of OT in PNS regulation that may be consistent with OT's currently theorized role in the facilitation of alertness and approach behavior.

Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and Arterial Hypertension in the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) Prospective Cohort Study.

Alcohol drinking patterns may determine the risk of hypertension and may also modify the detrimental effect of high alcohol intake. We prospectively evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern and its interaction with the amount of alcohol consumed on the incidence of arterial hypertension. In the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort, we followed-up 13,805 participants, all of them initially free of hypertension, during a maximum period of 16 years. Information about diet, chronic diseases, lifestyle and newly diagnosed hypertension was collected using validated questionnaires. We used a 7-item score (0 to 9 points) that jointly considered moderate alcohol consumption, distributed over the week, with meals, and a preference for red wine and avoidance of binge-drinking. During 142,404 person-years of follow-up, 1443 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Low adherence (score < 2) to the Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern was significantly associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.09−2.99) as compared to the high-adherence (score > 7) category. Among alcohol consumers, a high adherence to the MADP is associated with a lower incidence of hypertension. Compared with abstinence, a high adherence did not seem to differ regarding its effect on hypertension risk.

Social features in internet-based programs to prevent alcohol consumption among adolescents: a scoping review.

Alcohol consumption among adolescents is a social and public health issue. School-based programs are needed to prevent the onset of alcohol consumption during adolescence. Information and communication technologies offer new promising approaches to deliver preventive programs to these populations. The most traditional, successful programs use group dynamics within the classroom. However, the usefulness of social interaction features (SIF) within internet-based interventions remains unclear. The current scoping review aims to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of online and mobile psychosocial preventive interventions that use SIF, and that target adolescents. Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were electronically searched for all articles published between January 2011 and December 2020. Articles reporting on school-based, web-based interventions for adolescents to prevent alcohol consumption and that encouraged any kind of interaction between users ('social interactions') were eligible for inclusion. Fourteen articles were included in the review. These articles assessed eight preventive programs. Six programs showed positive results on outcome variables. In two of them, it was possible to determine that their success was partially due to the SIF. SIF seem to be useful to enhance the receptivity and usefulness of web-based prevention programs, but the current evidence of their effectiveness is scarce. More evidence is required to assess the effectiveness of these features and to improve programs having the objective of preventing the consumption of alcohol among young people.

Alcohol consumption among adolescents is a social and public health issue. School-based programs are needed to prevent the onset of alcohol consumption during adolescence. Information and communication technologies offer new promising approaches to deliver preventive programs to these populations. The most traditional, successful programs use group dynamics within the classroom. However, the usefulness of social interaction features (SIF) within internet-based interventions remains unclear. The current scoping review aims to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of online and mobile psychosocial preventive interventions that use SIF and target adolescents. Thus, we conducted a scoping review with the aim to identify online and mobile psychosocial preventive interventions that use SIF to reduce adolescent drinking behavior. Our literature review identified eight different programs. Six of them showed positive results on outcome variables. However, only in two of these programs was it possible to determine that their success was partially due to the SIF. SIF seem to be useful to enhance the receptivity and usefulness of web-based prevention programs, but more evidence with appropriate research methods is required to assess these social features' effectiveness to improve web-based prevention programs for young people.

Men's Self-Reported and Psychophysiological Affective Responses to Sexual Violence and Their Associations with Rape Myths, Personality, and Sexual Traits: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: Despite alarming evidence on sexual violence against women, little is known about men's emotional responses to rape and how these may be involved in sexual violence dynamics. Accordingly, our aim was to capture how rape scenarios are emotionally appraised. Methods: The current study evaluated men's (N = 30) self-reported and psychophysiological emotional responses (facial EMG, electrodermal activity) to a rape scene, and contrasted it with their responses to stimuli depicting nonsexual violence and nonviolent male-female interactions. The associations between men's emotional responses and their endorsement of rape myths, personality, and sexual traits were also examined. Results: Findings revealed that the rape scene resulted in higher negative affect, both subjectively and indexed by increased facial EMG (corrugator activity), than the other two stimuli. Additionally, personality traits of neuroticism, lower agreeableness, lower consciousness, psychopathic tendencies, as well as lower sexual inhibition proneness, were all associated with higher subjective sexual arousal toward rape. Conclusions: Findings add to the literature on the putative emotional processes underpinning the appraisal of sexual violence against women.

Preparation of photonic molecular trains via soft-crystal polymerization of lanthanide complexes.

Soft-crystals are defined as flexible molecular solids with highly ordered structures and have attracted attention in molecular sensing materials based on external triggers and environments. Here, we show the soft-crystal copolymerization of green-luminescent Tb(III) and yellow-luminescent Dy(III) coordination centers. Soft-crystal polymerization is achieved via transformation of monomeric dinuclear complexes and polymeric structures with respect to coordination number and geometry. The structural transformation is characterized using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The connected Tb(III) crystal-Dy(III) crystal show photon energy transfer from the Dy(III) centre to the Tb(III) centre under blue light excitation (selective Dy(III) centre excitation: 460 ± 10 nm). The activation energy of the energy transfer is estimated using the temperature-dependent emission lifetimes and emission quantum yields, and time-dependent density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. Luminescence-conductive polymers, photonic molecular trains, are successfully prepared via soft-crystal polymerization on crystal media with remarkable long-range energy migration.

Psychometric Properties of the Sexually Aggressive Behaviors Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Construct Validity in a Sample of Portuguese Female College Students.

This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Sexually Aggressive Behaviors Scale (SABS) in a sample of 1,632 heterosexual Portuguese female college students, aged between 18 and 39 years old (M = 22.40; SD = 4.31). The internal structure of the scale was investigated, along with analyses of the internal consistency, and validity evidence in relation to external variables. Participants completed an online survey that was disseminated using Portuguese universities' mailing lists and social networks. Results supported a single factor solution consisting of 10 items. Evidence was gathered in favor of the internal consistency and convergent/discriminant validity in relation to other variables, such as rape myths, psychopathic traits, and perception of intimacy. This study adds to the evidence of the SABS being an appropriate evaluation tool with female college students, allowing the rigorous assessment of sexual violence as committed by community women against a reluctant male partner.

Perceptual reversals and time-response analyses within the scope of decoding a bistable image / Análisis de reversibilidades perceptuales y de tiempos de respuesta en el marco de la decodificación de una imagen biestable

Abstract A bistable image admits two possible interpretations, so that the observer can recognize the two percepts, but never at the same time. The alternations between percepts are called "perceptual reversals". When the observer's position is different from the upright position, the ability to make perceptual alternations may be impaired. Besides, the recognition of the percepts of a bistable image can be a complex reaction time visual task, if it involves recognizing two different conceptual units, added to the fact of having to make a subsequent report. A visual task was performed by 88 people in order to establish whether the perception of Boring's bistable image My girlfriend or my mother-in-law is associated with areas that condition its interpretation. It was assumed that decoding the image and reporting the perceived percept implied a complex reaction time. The task itself was done in front of a fixed 120 Hz eye-tracker, in two opposite body positions. Analyses were made reviewing the association of the percepts with bottom-up modulation areas of the image, and considering ocular fixations made 200 and 250 milliseconds before the time of the report. The records of these fixations were obtained so as to establish which of the two reaction times (200 ms or 250 ms) was involved in the bottom-up modulation process from the moment of ocular fixation to the reports given by the participants. It was concluded that perceptual reversals decrease significantly when head idiotropic axis points in the gravity vector direction, in comparison to the upright position. Likewise, associations between visual percepts and bottom-up modulating areas of the image were found when analyses were done by considering ocular fixations made 250 ms before the moment of the report. Interpreting Boring's bistable image implies a complex visual task in accordance with the results obtained.

Resumen Una imagen biestable admite dos interpretaciones, de modo que el observador reconoce cada percepto, pero nunca los dos al mismo tiempo. Cada alternancia entre uno y otro percepto se conoce con el nombre de "reversibilidad perceptual". Este tipo de percepción, denominada también "biestable", puede implicar dos tipos de modulación, una mediada por las características físicas del estímulo visual y por las áreas de fijación ocular, y otra por información contextual o por conocimiento almacenado en memoria. En ese sentido, las alternancias perceptuales que se manifiestan durante la observación de una imagen biestable pueden estar condicionadas por la manera en que el observador recorre con su mirada el estímulo biestable, de manera tal que es manifiesta una asociación entre específicas áreas de la imagen y el percepto que se reconoce. En efecto, para la imagen biestable de Boring Mi novia o mi suegra, se han establecido áreas de fijación ocular que favorecen los dos posibles perceptos (una mujer joven y una mujer de edad). Algunas de estas zonas elicitan más la interpretación de uno de los perceptos, otras de los dos indistintamente, como se reconoce en estudios precedentes. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado evidencia de que cuando la posición corporal del observador es distinta a la posición erguida (el tronco y la cabeza alineados con la vertical), puede dificultarse la capacidad para hacer las alternancias perceptuales. La rotación del eje idiotrópico de la cabeza con respecto al vector que apunta verticalmente hacia el cénit tiene repercusiones en los procesos perceptuales visuales y también en la manifestación de las reversibilidades perceptuales inherentes a la observación de imágenes biestables. El reconocimiento de los perceptos de un estímulo visual biestable puede suponer una tarea visual de tiempo de reacción complejo (superior a 230 milisegundos), dado que esta implica reconocer dos unidades conceptuales diferentes. A esto se suma el hecho de tener que hacer un reporte posterior que implique eferencias motoras. A los efectos de establecer si la percepción de la imagen biestable Mi novia o mi suegra está asociada a las áreas del estímulo que condicionan su interpretación cuando se asume que su decodificación más su reporte implican un tiempo de reacción complejo, se hicieron análisis de tareas visuales realizadas por 88 personas frente a un eye-tracker fijo de 120 Hz en dos posiciones corporales opuestas (una, con el tronco erguido y el eje idiotrópico de la cabeza apuntando hacia el cénit, y otra con el vector idiotrópico de la cabeza apuntando hacia el suelo en paralelo al eje gravitacional). Se revisó la asociación de los perceptos con las áreas de modulación de la imagen y considerando las fijaciones oculares realizadas 200 y 250 milisegundos antes del momento del reporte, el cual fue realizado por cada participante mediante el uso de los botones de un dispositivo conectado al registrador de datos. Los registros de fijaciones oculares, tomados en dos momentos previos al momento del reporte de los perceptos identificados, fueron considerados para establecer cuál de los dos tiempos de reacción (200 ms o 250 ms) está implicado en el proceso de modulación bottom-up desde el momento de la fijación ocular hasta el reporte dado por los participantes. Se concluyó que las reversibilidades perceptuales disminuyen significativamente cuando el eje idiotrópico de la cabeza apunta en el sentido del vector gravitacional en comparación con la posición erguida. Se encontraron asociaciones entre los perceptos y las áreas de modulación cuando en el análisis se consideran las fijaciones oculares registradas, 250 milisegundos antes de los reportes. La interpretación de la imagen analizada supone una tarea visual compleja de conformidad con los resultados, pues el análisis de asociación entre perceptos reportados y áreas moduladoras que arroja significancia es el que se hace revisando las fijaciones oculares hechas 250 ms antes del registro del reporte de cada percepto.

FamilyGuard: A Security Architecture for Anomaly Detection in Home Networks.

The residential environment is constantly evolving technologically. With this evolution, sensors have become intelligent interconnecting home appliances, personal computers, and mobile devices. Despite the benefits of this interaction, these devices are also prone to security threats and vulnerabilities. Ensuring the security of smart homes is challenging due to the heterogeneity of applications and protocols involved in this environment. This work proposes the FamilyGuard architecture to add a new layer of security and simplify management of the home environment by detecting network traffic anomalies. Experiments are carried out to validate the main components of the architecture. An anomaly detection module is also developed by using machine learning through one-class classifiers based on the network flow. The results show that the proposed solution can offer smart home users additional and personalized security features using low-cost devices.