Role of serum-specific immunoglobulin E in egg allergy: a comprehensive study of Portuguese pediatric patients.

INTRODUCTION: Food allergies represent a growing public health concern, particularly among children. This study aims to examine egg allergy in pediatric patients and analyze the value of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels as predictive biomarkers for oral food challenge (OFC) outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study, involving pediatric patients with suspected IgE-mediated egg allergy, conducted at a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Data from 176 pediatric patients were analyzed, revealing a higher male prevalence (59.1%). Most cases (40.3%) presented symptoms in the first year of life, predominantly mucocutaneous symptoms (46%). OFC results varied across various forms of egg presentation, with cooked egg being the most frequently tested food. Positive OFCs were observed in 14.6% (n = 36) of cases. The study identified specific egg protein biomarkers for positive OFC, with ovalbumin for raw egg (sIgE > 1.28 KUA/L; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.917; sensitivity [S] 100%; and specificity [Sp] 92%), ovomucoid for cooked egg (sIgE > 0.99 KUA/L; AUC = 0.788, 95%; S: 79%; and Sp: 74%), and ovomucoid for baked egg (sIgE> 4.63 KUA/L; AUC = 0.870; S: 80%; and Sp: 85%) showing predictive capacities. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of considering various forms of egg presentation in the diagnosis and management of egg allergy. The findings highlight the valuable discriminatory capacity and provided reliable biomarkers, such as ovalbumin for raw egg and ovomucoid for cooked and baked egg in risk assessment, aiding in predicting OFC outcomes and helping clinicians to make informed decisions in diagnosing and managing egg allergies, thus improving patient care and quality of life.

Epilasik versus Lasek con queratectomía refractiva optimizada y ablación customizada por topografía / Epilasik versus Lasek with optimized refractive keratectomy and topography-customized ablation

OBJETIVO: Valorar la efectividad de la cirugía con excímer láser, utilizando como técnicas quirúrgicas para remover el epitelio corneal, láser epitelial queratomileusis in situ (Epilasik) o queratectomía epitelial asistida con láser (Lasek), a partir de un estudio topoaberrométrico en pacientes con astigmatismo miópico compuesto. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en la consulta de Segmento Anterior del Centro Internacional de Retinosis Pigmentaria Camilo Cienfuegos. Se estudiaron 80 ojos de 40 pacientes, con astigmatismo miópico compuesto entre -1 y -6 dioptrías, con un seguimiento de 6 meses como mínimo. Se evaluó la agudeza visual sin corrección, queratometría, refracción dinámica, refracción cicloplójica, topografía corneal, paquimetría, tonometría, biomicroscopia, estudio de la lágrima y fondoscopia. En todos los casos se aplicó el software de análisis de frente de onda corneal. Se realizó Lasek en los ojos derechos y Epilasik en los izquierdos, con queratectomía refractiva optimizada en ambos procederes. RESULTADOS: En los casos en que se realizó Lasek, la agudeza visual sin corrección varió de 0,12 a 0,93, el promedio de esfera preoperatoria se modificó de -2,77 a -0,08 dioptrías en el posoperatorio, y el cilindro de -1,79 a -0,37 dioptrías, la aberración esférica a 6 mm solo cambió de 0,22 a 0,24 um y el coma de 0,19 a 0,20 um. En los casos en que se realizó Epilasik la agudeza visual sin corrección varió de 0,07 a 0,93, el promedio de esfera preoperatoria se modificó de -3,79 a -0,01 dioptrías en el posoperatorio y el cilindro de -1,25 a -0,35 dioptrías, la aberración esférica a 6 mm cambió de 0,26 a 0,39 um y el coma de 0,19 a 0,22 um. En cuanto a la microscopia confocal se observó que la recuperación fue más rápida en los casos operados mediante la técnica Epilasik. CONCLUSIONES: En ambas técnicas la mejoría de la agudeza visual fue estadísticamente significativa, disminuyeron la esfera y el cilindro promedio de forma muy similar...(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Excimer laser surgery, using either epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (Epilasik) or laser-assisted epithelial keratectomy as surgical techniques, on the basis of a topoaberrometric study of patients with compound myopic astigmatism. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Anterior Segment Service of Camilo Cienfuegos International Center of Pigmentary Retinitis. Eighty eyes from 40 patients with compound myopic astigmatism (-1 to -6 dioptres) were studied, with a minimal follow-up of 6 months. Visual acuity without correction, keratometry, dynamic refraction, cycloplexic refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, study of the tear and funduscopy were all evaluated. The corneal waterfront analysis software was used for all the cases. Lasek was the chosen technique for right eyes whereas Epilasik was used for left eyes, using optimized refractive keratectomy in both procedures. RESULTS: In those cases treated with Lasek technique, visual acuity without correction changed from 0,12 to 0,93; preoperative sphere average changed -2,77 to -0,08 dioptres at the postoperative phase, the cylinder went from -79 to -0,37 dioptres, spheral aberration at 6mm slightly changed from 0,22 to 0,24 um and the coma varied from 0,19 to 0,20 um. In the cases subjected to Epilasik, visual acuity without correction varied from 0,07 to 0,93; the preoperative sphere average modified from -3,79 to 0,01 dioptres in the postoperative period, the cylinder went from -1,25 to -0,35 dioptres, spheral aberration at 6mm changed from 0,26 to 0,39 um, and the coma varied from 0,19 to 0,22 um. As to confocal microscopy, it was observed that recovery was faster in cases operated on with Epilasik technique. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in visual acuity was statistically significant in both techniques and the decrease in the average sphere and cylinder was very similar; however, the variation in the spheral aberrat...(AU)

Epilasik versus Lasek con queratectomía refractiva optimizada y ablación customizada por topografía / Epilasik versus Lasek with optimized refractive keratectomy and topography-customized ablation

OBJETIVO: Valorar la efectividad de la cirugía con excímer láser, utilizando como técnicas quirúrgicas para remover el epitelio corneal, láser epitelial queratomileusis in situ (Epilasik) o queratectomía epitelial asistida con láser (Lasek), a partir de un estudio topoaberrométrico en pacientes con astigmatismo miópico compuesto. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en la consulta de Segmento Anterior del Centro Internacional de Retinosis Pigmentaria Camilo Cienfuegos. Se estudiaron 80 ojos de 40 pacientes, con astigmatismo miópico compuesto entre -1 y -6 dioptrías, con un seguimiento de 6 meses como mínimo. Se evaluó la agudeza visual sin corrección, queratometría, refracción dinámica, refracción cicloplójica, topografía corneal, paquimetría, tonometría, biomicroscopia, estudio de la lágrima y fondoscopia. En todos los casos se aplicó el software de análisis de frente de onda corneal. Se realizó Lasek en los ojos derechos y Epilasik en los izquierdos, con queratectomía refractiva optimizada en ambos procederes. RESULTADOS: En los casos en que se realizó Lasek, la agudeza visual sin corrección varió de 0,12 a 0,93, el promedio de esfera preoperatoria se modificó de -2,77 a -0,08 dioptrías en el posoperatorio, y el cilindro de -1,79 a -0,37 dioptrías, la aberración esférica a 6 mm solo cambió de 0,22 a 0,24 um y el coma de 0,19 a 0,20 um. En los casos en que se realizó Epilasik la agudeza visual sin corrección varió de 0,07 a 0,93, el promedio de esfera preoperatoria se modificó de -3,79 a -0,01 dioptrías en el posoperatorio y el cilindro de -1,25 a -0,35 dioptrías, la aberración esférica a 6 mm cambió de 0,26 a 0,39 um y el coma de 0,19 a 0,22 um. En cuanto a la microscopia confocal se observó que la recuperación fue más rápida en los casos operados mediante la técnica Epilasik. CONCLUSIONES: En ambas técnicas la mejoría de la agudeza visual fue estadísticamente significativa, disminuyeron la esfera y el cilindro promedio de forma muy similar...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Excimer laser surgery, using either epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (Epilasik) or laser-assisted epithelial keratectomy as surgical techniques, on the basis of a topoaberrometric study of patients with compound myopic astigmatism. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Anterior Segment Service of Camilo Cienfuegos International Center of Pigmentary Retinitis. Eighty eyes from 40 patients with compound myopic astigmatism (-1 to -6 dioptres) were studied, with a minimal follow-up of 6 months. Visual acuity without correction, keratometry, dynamic refraction, cycloplexic refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, study of the tear and funduscopy were all evaluated. The corneal waterfront analysis software was used for all the cases. Lasek was the chosen technique for right eyes whereas Epilasik was used for left eyes, using optimized refractive keratectomy in both procedures. RESULTS: In those cases treated with Lasek technique, visual acuity without correction changed from 0,12 to 0,93; preoperative sphere average changed -2,77 to -0,08 dioptres at the postoperative phase, the cylinder went from -79 to -0,37 dioptres, spheral aberration at 6mm slightly changed from 0,22 to 0,24 um and the coma varied from 0,19 to 0,20 um. In the cases subjected to Epilasik, visual acuity without correction varied from 0,07 to 0,93; the preoperative sphere average modified from -3,79 to 0,01 dioptres in the postoperative period, the cylinder went from -1,25 to -0,35 dioptres, spheral aberration at 6mm changed from 0,26 to 0,39 um, and the coma varied from 0,19 to 0,22 um. As to confocal microscopy, it was observed that recovery was faster in cases operated on with Epilasik technique. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in visual acuity was statistically significant in both techniques and the decrease in the average sphere and cylinder was very similar; however, the variation in the spheral aberrat...

Vegetative propagation in Piperaceae species

Piperaceae species of forest remnants of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil present vegetative propagation through root or stem (stolon). This reproduction type was verified in Piper amalago L., P. arboreum Aublet, P. xylosteoides (Kunth) Steud., Peperomia parnassifolia Miq. and Ottonia martiana Miq. Root and stem branches of these species were analyzed anatomically. Results indicated that the vegetative propagation in Piperaceae should be studied in other forests. New and additional studies should be made if the structural variations were induced environmentally or fixed genetically.

Espécies de Piperaceae de remanescentes florestais de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil apresentam propagação vegetativa por meio de raiz ou caule (estolão). Este tipo de reprodução foi verificado em Piper amalago L., Piper arboreum Aublet, Piper xylosteoides (Kunth) Steud., Peperomia parnassifolia Miq. and Ottonia martiana Miq. Raiz e ramos caulinares destas espécies foram analisados anatomicamente segundo técnicas usuais. É necessário enfatizar que esse tipo de propagação em Piperaceae deve ser investigado em espécies que ocorrem em outras matas. Novos e adicionais estudos devem ser feitos para se saber se essas variações estruturais são induzidas pelo ambiente ou fixadas geneticamente.

Calibration of correlation radiometers using pseudo-random noise signals.

The calibration of correlation radiometers, and particularly aperture synthesis interferometric radiometers, is a critical issue to ensure their performance. Current calibration techniques are based on the measurement of the cross-correlation of receivers' outputs when injecting noise from a common noise source requiring a very stable distribution network. For large interferometric radiometers this centralized noise injection approach is very complex from the point of view of mass, volume and phase/amplitude equalization. Distributed noise injection techniques have been proposed as a feasible alternative, but are unable to correct for the so-called "baseline errors" associated with the particular pair of receivers forming the baseline. In this work it is proposed the use of centralized Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) signals to calibrate correlation radiometers. PRNs are sequences of symbols with a long repetition period that have a flat spectrum over a bandwidth which is determined by the symbol rate. Since their spectrum resembles that of thermal noise, they can be used to calibrate correlation radiometers. At the same time, since these sequences are deterministic, new calibration schemes can be envisaged, such as the correlation of each receiver's output with a baseband local replica of the PRN sequence, as well as new distribution schemes of calibration signals. This work analyzes the general requirements and performance of using PRN sequences for the calibration of microwave correlation radiometers, and particularizes the study to a potential implementation in a large aperture synthesis radiometer using an optical distribution network.

Anatomy of the developing fruit of Metrodorea nigra A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae)

The pericarp and seed in development of Metrodorea nigra were investigated structurally.The flowers and fruits in different stages of maturation were fixed in FAA 50 and cross-and longitudinally sectioned, according to usual techniques. The differentiated epicarp was represented by the periderm of subepidermal origin. The mesocarp was parenchymatous. The endocarp was sclerenchymatous and originated from the meristematic action of the inner epidermis of the ovary. The seed was endotestal and originated from an anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule. The nucellus and the endosperm occurred in small quantity in the mature seed. The embryo was straight with thick cotyledons. The seed and the endocarp were ejected in the autochory process. The fruit was capsular and coccarium.

O pericarpo e a semente em desenvolvimento de Metrodorea nigra foram investigados estruturalmente. Flores e frutos em diferentes estágios de maturação foram fixados em FAA 50 e secionados transversal e longitudinalmente, conforme técnicas usuais. O epicarpo diferenciado é representado pela periderme de origem subepidérmica. O mesocarpo é parenquimático. O endocarpo é esclerenquimático e se origina da ação meristemática da epiderme interna do ovário. A semente endostestal provém de óvulo anátropo, bitegumentado e crassinucelado. O nucelo e o endosperma ocorrem em pequena quantidade na semente madura. O embrião é reto com espessos cotilédones. A semente e o endocarpo são dispersos por processo autocórico. O fruto é capsular e coccarium.

[Regulatory cells]. / Células reguladoras.

The role of regulatory T cells in the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance has received growing attention during the last years. Several subsets of regulatory T cells were described based on their surface markers and cytokine production, but nevertheless, there are no specific markers for any subsets and their classification relies on their suppression mechanism. It is unknown which of the subgroups of regulatory T cells is more important in the prevention and control of allergic diseases, being commonly accepted its importance in homeostasis.

Morphology and anatomy of the fruit in development of Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Burger, Lanjow & Boer (Moraceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i4.1332 / Morfo-anatomia do fruto em desenvolvimento de Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Burger, Lanjow & Boer (Moraceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i4.1332

Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Burger, Lanjow e Boer is a species of ecological and medicinal importance that occurs in forest remnants in the northwest region of Paraná. The doubt about the origin of the fleshy pulp of the fruit and the difficulty of seed classification motivated the ontogenetic study of the pericarp and seed coat of this species. Flowers and fruits in several developmental stages were collected from Horto Florestal de Maringá, Paraná, fixed in FAA 50, and sectioned freehand or in rotation microtome, according to the usual techniques. Perigone and hypanthium together form the fruit. The hypanthium is very reduced in the flower and participates about 2/3 of the ripe fruit. Hypanthium presents collenchyma and epidermis with trichomes and stomata. Fruit is pomaceous. The single seed originates from anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate ovule. Mature seed is exotestal and presents curved embryo and cotyledons with starch reserve

Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Burger, Lanjow e Boer é espécie de importância ecológica e medicinal que ocorre em remanescentes florestais na região noroeste do Paraná. A dúvida sobre a origem da polpa carnosa do fruto e a dificuldade de classificação da semente motivaram o estudo ontogenético do pericarpo e do tegumento seminal dessa espécie. Flores e frutos em fases diversas de desenvolvimento foram coletados no Horto Florestal de Maringá, Paraná, fixados em FAA 50, e secionados à mão livre ou em micrótomo de rotação, segundo técnicas usuais. O perigônio e o hipanto participam na formação do fruto. O hipanto, muito reduzido na flor, participa cerca de 2/3 do fruto maduro. O hipanto apresenta epiderme tricomatosa e estomatífera e colênquima. O fruto é pomáceo. A única semente origina-se de óvulo anátropo, bitegumentado e crassinucelado. A semente madura é exotestal e possui embrião curvo com cotilédones providos de reserva amilácea

Actualización en cirugía refractiva con excímer láser / Updating in refractive surgery with excímer láser

Durante las últimas dos décadas la cirugía refractiva ha evolucionado. Desde los procedimientos incisionales, tales como la queratotomía radial, pasando por procedimientos lamelares fallidos, como la queratoplastia lamelar automatizada, hasta llegar hasta las muy exitosas técnicas de ablación con láser, tales como la queratectomía fotorrefractiva, queratectomía sub-epitelial con laser y la queratomileusis in situ, asistida con Excimer láser. La aplicación del sistema Excimer láser en la cirugía refractiva constituye un significativo avance(AU)

Actualización en cirugía refractiva con excímer láser / Updating in refractive surgery with excímer láser

Durante las últimas dos décadas la cirugía refractiva ha evolucionado. Desde los procedimientos incisionales, tales como la queratotomía radial, pasando por procedimientos lamelares fallidos, como la queratoplastia lamelar automatizada, hasta llegar hasta las muy exitosas técnicas de ablación con láser, tales como la queratectomía fotorrefractiva, queratectomía sub-epitelial con laser y la queratomileusis in situ, asistida con Excimer láser. La aplicación del sistema Excimer láser en la cirugía refractiva constituye un significativo avance

Cuidar de apenados: percepção da equipe de enfermagem / The look after prisoners: the nursing team perception

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, que busca conhecer as percepções e sentimentos da equipe de enfermagem ao cuidar de apenados no âmbito hospitalar. Houve a participação de 24 profissionais da enfermagem que já haviam cuidado de presidiários num hospital de grande porte do interior do RS. Através da análise de conteúdo, identificou-se três categorias que indicam o respeiro ao ser humano e a ética profissional no cuidado aos apenados, o medo como um sentimento espresso por integrantes da equipe de enfermagem, em que se evidencia o medo de ser a próxima vítima e o medo de se contaminar e que "lugar de preso é no presídio", como uma expressão de insegurança dos profissionais.

Morphology and anatomy of the flower and anthesis of Metrodorea nigra St. Hill.(Rutaceae)

Metrodorea nigra St. Hill. (Rutaceae) apresenta flores perfeitas que ocorrem em panícula. O pico de florescimento acontece em agosto e setembro. A antese é diurna e a espécie apresenta flores protândricas. As sépalas verdes e as pétalas vermelhas apresentam epiderme papilosa contendo estômatos e mesofilo parenquimático. A antera tetrasporangiada também apresenta uma epiderme papilosa, células do endotécio com espessamento parietal secundário, duas camadas médias e tapetum binucleado. O único pistilo apresenta a parede do ovário com tecido nectarífero e uma epiderme ventral meristemática, um estilete sólido e um estigma imperceptível. Os óvulos são anátropos, bitegumentados e crassinucelados e apresentam um obturator de origem funicular e placentária. O nectário, em forma de disco, circunda a base do ovário e em seu ápice há várias protuberâncias pilosas.

[Reproductive structures of Piper amalago var. medium Linnaeus (Piperaceae)]. / Estruturas de reprodução de Piper amalago var. medium Linnaeus (Piperaceae).

Flowers, fruits, seeds and subterranean organ of Piper amalago var. medium Linnaeus were analyzed structurally. Flowers are hermaphrodite lacking perianth, with two stamens and a tricarpelate gynoecea. Tetrasporangiate anthers shows epidermis, endothecium, one or two middle layers and secretory tapetum. Ovary has a simple structure, with ventral meristem. There is one orthotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule. Fruits are drupes. Seeds are endotegmic with copious perisperm. Putamen is composed of a sclerified inner mesocarp and endocarp. Individuals of the species can be interlinked by radicular subterranean organ, that can spread vegetatively.

Estructuras de reporduçao de piper amalago var medium linnaeus (piperaceae) / Reproductive structures of piper amalago var medium linnaeus (piperaceae)

Las flores, frutos, semillas y órgano subterráneo de Piper amalago var. medium Linnaeus fueron analizados estucturalmente. La flor es aclamídea, monoclina, con dos estambres y gineceo con tres carpelos. La antera es tetrasporangiada, cuya pared está constituida por epidermis, endotecio, una o dos capas medias y tapete secretor. El ovario tiene estructura simple, con meristemo ventral. El único óvulo es ortótropo, crasinucelado y con dos tegumentos. El fruto es una drupa. La semilla es endotegmica y perispermada. El putamen está compuesto por el mesocarpio interno y endocarpio esclerificado. Los individuos de la especie pueden estar interligados por un órgano subterráneo de naturaleza radical que puede propagarse vegetativamente

O julgamento do abuso sexual incestuoso na jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Santa Catarina: uma questão além do jurídico

Analiso a dificuldade de subjetivar a criança na ordem do discurso jurídico. Apresento reflexões teóricas sobre a constituição do discurso de saber criança: sobre a criança em situação de desamparo, em situação abusiva e em situação de vítima. Enfatizo o referencial psicanalítico do sujeito criança judicializado. Discuto a leitura judicializante de práticas sociais, como solução de relações conflitivas. Sigo a criança abusada no caminho da judicialização. Coloco em questão a categoria de gênero atravessada nesta análise. O regulamento para a análise do discurso está baseado na teoria de Michel Pêcheux e leituras de Eni P. Orlandi. Analiso os discursos dos julgadores contidos em acórdãos da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Santa Catarina, utilizando o mecanismo da interpelação ideológica. Proponho a cada profissional, inclusive legisladores, re-significar sua prática para acolher a criança com dignidade que a condição de sujeito requer (AU)

Morphology and anatomy of the fruit (hypanthium, pericarp and seed) development of Pereskia aculeate Miller (Cactaceae) / Morfo-anatomia do fruto (hipanto, pericarpo e semente) em desenvolvimento de Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i2.2046

The development of Pereskia aculeate Miller fruit (hypanthium, pericarp and seed) was analyzed. The flower is perigynous and presents a hypanthium with bracteoles and aculeus. The fruit is pomaceous, type cactídio, with succulent hypanthium, pericarp, and seeds immersed in a gelatinous mass. This gelatinous mass originates from the pericarp and the columella. The seed is exotestal and develops from an amphitropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate ovule. It has perisperm and an endosperm residue. The embryo is curved and is composed of elongated hypocotyl-radicle axis, two cotyledons with uniform mesophyll, and undifferentiated plumule

O desenvolvimento do fruto (hipanto, pericarpo e semente) de Pereskia aculeata Miller é analisado desde a flor em antese até a maturidade. A flor é perígina e apresenta no hipanto bractéolas verdes e acúleos. O fruto é pomáceo, tipo cactídio e caracteriza-se por apresentar hipanto carnoso, pericarpo e massa gelatinosa, formada pela destruição parcial do pericarpo e columela, onde estão imersas as sementes. A semente é exotestal e origina-se do óvulo anfítropo, bitegumentado e crassinucelado. A semente apresenta reserva perispérmica e resíduos de endosperma. O embrião é curvo e tem eixo hipocótilo-radicular longo, dois cotilédones com mesofilo homogêneo e plúmula indiferenciada

[Morphology, anatomy and floral biology of Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae)]. / Morfo-anatomia e aspectos da biologia floral de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae).

Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. is a tree that occurs frequently in secondary forests of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and presents a valuable wood. Its flowering time occurs from August to October and the anthesis occurs during the night. Its flowers are visited by Lepidoptera-Noctuidae. The flowers are unisexual and solitary or arranged in panicles. The perianth presents a papillose epidermis with striate cuticle and a parenchymatic mesophyll. Ten stamens constitute the androecium and are arranged in a staminal tube with anthers. The anthers present epidermis, endothecium, two median layers and secretory tapetum with binucleate cells. The semi-inferior ovary presents anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucleate ovules. The nectaries are located in the base of the ovary and staminal tube and they present papillose epidermis with stomata and secretory parenchyma with a conspicuous phloematic tissue.

[Morphology and anatomy od the development of the anthocarp and fruit of Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae)]. / Morfo-anatomia do desenvolvimento do antocarpo e do fruto de Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae).

Pisonia aculeata L. is a widespread species that occurs frequently in tropical and subtropical forests in the South of Brazil. This paper presents a morphological and anatomical study of the development of its anthocarps and the fruits. Flowers in pre and post anthesis and fruits in different stages of development were collected in the Horto Florestal of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. The anthocarp originates in the perigone and it can be characterized by the presence of an uniseriate epidermis on the abaxial surface, presence of glandular emergences, a glabrous epidermis on the adaxial surface and a parenchymatous mesophyll. This last tissue presents a great number of cellular strata due to the action of a ventral meristema installed still in the perigone phase. The pericarp develops from the wall of the ovary. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The mature seed presents a thin testa with thickened cell walls just in the rafe region, perisperm and endosperm with nuclear origin, without development of tegmen. The anthocarp has great importance in the process of dispersion of this species (epizoochory). This study confirms that the fruit is an achene and not a caryopsis as affirmed in the literature.

Morfo-anatomia e aspectos da biologia floral de Cabraela canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) / Morphology, anatomy and floral biology of Cabrraela canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae)

Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. is a tree that occurs frequently in secondary forests of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and presents a valuable wood. Its flowering time occurs from August to October and the anthesis occurs during the night. Its flowers are visited by Lepidoptera-Noctuidae. The flowers are unisexual and solitary or arranged in panicles. The perianth presents a papillose epidermis with striate cuticle and a parenchymatic mesophyll. Ten stamens constitute the androecium and are arranged in a staminal tube with anthers. The anthers present epidermis, endothecium, two median layers and secretory tapetum with binucleate cells. The semi- nferior ovary presents anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate ovules. The nectaries are located in the base of the ovary and staminal tube and they present papillose epidermis with stomata and secretory parenchyma with a conspicuous phloematic tissue. Key Words: Cabraleacanjerana, flower, anthesis, morphology, anatomy.

Cabralea canjerana (Vell) Mart. es una especie arbórea de madera valiosa que crece en matorrales secundarios de Maringá, Estado del Paraná, Brasil, de alli fueron recoled flores y capullos para el presente estudio. Florece desde agosto hasta octubre y presenta antesis nocturna. Sus flores son visitadas por lepidópteros de la familia Noctuidae. Las flores se disponen en panículas o son solitarias y son diclinas. El perianto tiene epidermis con cutfcula estriada y papilosa y mesófilo parenquimático. Los estambres en número de 10 forman un tubo estaminal, cuyas anteras son caracterizadas mortológicamente y luego anatómicamente, cuya pared está constituida por epidermis, endotecio, dos capas medias y tapete secretor binucleado. El ovario es semi-infero y presenta óvulos anátropos con dos tegumentos y crasinucelados. Los nectarios ocurren en la base del ovario y tubo estaminal y tienen epidermis con pelos, estomas y parénquima secretor con tejido floemático predominante

Morfo-anatomia do desenvolvimento do antocarpo e do fruto de Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae) / Morphology and anatomy of the development of the anthocarp and fruit of Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae)

Pisonia aculeata L. es un arbusto sarmentoso que presenta amplia distribución en los bosques tropicales y subtropicales del sur del Brasil. El estudio del desarrollo morfo-anatómico de sus antocarpos y de sus frutos es objeto del presente trabajo. Las flores en pre y postantesis y los frutos en diversas fases de diferenciación fueron recolectados en el Horto Florestal de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil y analizados morfológica y anatómicamente. El antocarpo tiene orígen en el perigonio y se caracteriza por presentar la epidermis uniseriada de la cara abaxial, donde se destacan emergencias glandulares, mesofilo parenquimático con gran número de estratos celulares, gracias a la acción del meristema ventral formado aún en la fase de perigonio, y la epidermis de la cara adaxial glabra. El pericarpio se desarrolla a partir de la pared del ovario que contiene un óvulo anátropo, bitegumentado y crasinucelado. En la semilla madura se presenta la testa delgada, perisperma, y endosperma de origen nuclear, no formándose tegmen. El antocarpo, además de la protección del fruto y semilla, presenta gran importancia en el proceso de dispersión de esta especie (epizoocoria). La estructura del fruto permitió demostrar que es correcta su clasificación como aquenio y no cariopsis como lo registrado en la literatura.

Pisonia aculeata L. is a widespread species that occurs frequently in tropical and subtropical forests in the South of Brazil. This paper presents a morphological and anatomical study of the development of its anthocarps and the fruits. Flowers in pre and post anthesis and fruits in different stages of development were collected in the Horto Florestal of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. The anthocarp originates in the perigone and it can be characterized by the presence of an uniseriate epidermis on the abaxial surface, presence of glandular emergences, a glabrous epidermis on the adaxial surface and a parenchymatous mesophyll. This last tissue presents a great number of cellular strata due to the action of a ventral meristema installed still in the perigone phase. The pericarp develops from the wall of the ovary. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The mature seed presents a thin testa with thickened cell walls just in the rafe region, perisperm and endosperm with nuclear origin, without development of tegmen. The anthocarp has great importance in the process of dispersion of this species (epizoochory). This study confirms that the fruit is an achene and not a caryopsis as affirmed in the literature.