ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to review some essential aspects of anterior tooth calcification and its esthetic treatment. Furthermore, three cases including different and successful bleaching strategies are reported.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp/pathology , Tooth Bleaching , Tooth Calcification , Adult , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate ex vivo the accuracy of the multifrequency electronic apex locator (EAL) Joypex 5 in primary molars. METHODS: Fourteen primary molars were selected for a total of 25 root canals. Working length measurements were performed by direct observation (DO), using a 15 K-file into the root canal until its tip was visible at the apical foramen and electronically using the EALs Joypex 5. Data were analysed statistically using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To assess whether a significant difference in accuracy of the electronic apex locator existed, the Student's t test was performed at 5% significance. RESULTS: No statistical difference was observed between the direct observation and the EAL measurement (p < 0.05). The ICC confirmed the agreement of different methods to measure canal length. The R(2) coefficient was close to 1, denoting a strong agreement between measures obtained with Joypex 5 and DO. CONCLUSION: The multifrequency EALs Joypex 5 showed adequate accuracy in the root length determination of primary teeth.
