ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser
ABSTRACT
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
ABSTRACT
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al) on the zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) concentrations in four potato clones (Macaca and Dakota Rose: both Al-sensitive clones; and SMIC148-A and Solanum microdontum: both Al-tolerant-clones), grown in a nutrient solution (pH 4.00) with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg Al L-1. Root Zn and Fe concentrations decreased linearly with the increase of Al levels in Macaca, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose and increased linearly in S. microdontum. Shoot Zn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A, but a curvilinear response in Dakota Rose. Shoot Fe concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose. Root Mn concentration decreased linearly in Macaca and SMIC148-A, and increased linearly in S. microdontum with Al levels. Mn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in roots of Dakota Rose and in shoot of SMIC148-A, and increased curvilinearly with Al levels in shoot of Dakota Rose. In shoot, there was no alteration in Zn, Fe and Mn in Macaca and Mn concentration in S. microdontum. Roots and shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in Dakota Rose, and showed quadratic relationship with Al in Macaca. Roots Cu concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al levels in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A. Shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in S. microdontum, and decreased linearly in SMIC148-A. Therefore, the excessive Al accumulation affected the uptake and distribution of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in roots and shoot of potato clones.The response of shoot Cu concentration to Al was less altered in the Al-tolerant clones than was in Al-sensitive clones. Aluminum tolerance in S. microdontum may be connected with greater levels of Zn, Fe and Mn in the roots.
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o efeito do alumínio (Al) na concentração de zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe) e cobre (Cu) em quatro clones de batata (Macaca e Dakota Rose: sensíveis ao Al; e SMIC148-A e Solanum microdontum: tolerantes ao Al) crescendo em solução nutritiva (pH 4,0) com 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200mg Al L-1. A concentração de Zn e Fe em raízes diminuiu linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de Al nos clones Macaca, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Zn mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al em S. microdontum e SMIC148-A, enquanto no clone Dakota Rose houve uma resposta cúbica. Nos clones S. microdontum, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose, a concentração de Fe mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al. A concentração de Mn em raízes diminuiu linearmente em relação ao Al nos clones Macaca e SMIC148-A e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Para Dakota Rose e SMIC148-A, a concentração de Mn mostrou uma resposta quadrática em relação ao Al em raízes e parte aérea. A concentração de Mn na parte aérea aumentou de forma cúbica com os níveis de Al no clone Dakota Rose. Na parte aérea, não houve alteração na concentração de Zn e Fe na Macaca e de Mn nos clones Macaca e S. microdontum. Em raízes e na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone Dakota Rose e mostrou resposta quadrática no clone Macaca. A concentração de Cu mostrou resposta quadrática com os níveis de Al em raízes dos clones S. microdontum e SMIC148-A. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone S. microdontum e diminuiu linearmente no clone SMIC148-A com o aumento nos níveis de Al. Portanto, a acumulação excessiva de Al afetou negativamente a absorção e a distribuição de Zn, Fe, Mn e Cu nas raízes e na parte aérea dos clones de batata. A resposta da concentração de Cu na parte aérea ao Al foi menos alterada nos clones Al-tolerantes que naqueles Al-sensíveis. A tolerância ao Al em S. microdontum pode estar conectada com os maiores níveis de Zn, Fe e Mn nas raízes.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al) on the zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) concentrations in four potato clones (Macaca and Dakota Rose: both Al-sensitive clones; and SMIC148-A and Solanum microdontum: both Al-tolerant-clones), grown in a nutrient solution (pH 4.00) with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg Al L-1. Root Zn and Fe concentrations decreased linearly with the increase of Al levels in Macaca, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose and increased linearly in S. microdontum. Shoot Zn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A, but a curvilinear response in Dakota Rose. Shoot Fe concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose. Root Mn concentration decreased linearly in Macaca and SMIC148-A, and increased linearly in S. microdontum with Al levels. Mn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in roots of Dakota Rose and in shoot of SMIC148-A, and increased curvilinearly with Al levels in shoot of Dakota Rose. In shoot, there was no alteration in Zn, Fe and Mn in Macaca and Mn concentration in S. microdontum. Roots and shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in Dakota Rose, and showed quadratic relationship with Al in Macaca. Roots Cu concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al levels in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A. Shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in S. microdontum, and decreased linearly in SMIC148-A. Therefore, the excessive Al accumulation affected the uptake and distribution of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in roots and shoot of potato clones.The response of shoot Cu concentration to Al was less altered in the Al-tolerant clones than was in Al-sensitive clones. Aluminum tolerance in S. microdontum may be connected with greater levels of Zn, Fe and Mn in the roots.
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o efeito do alumínio (Al) na concentração de zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe) e cobre (Cu) em quatro clones de batata (Macaca e Dakota Rose: sensíveis ao Al; e SMIC148-A e Solanum microdontum: tolerantes ao Al) crescendo em solução nutritiva (pH 4,0) com 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200mg Al L-1. A concentração de Zn e Fe em raízes diminuiu linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de Al nos clones Macaca, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Zn mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al em S. microdontum e SMIC148-A, enquanto no clone Dakota Rose houve uma resposta cúbica. Nos clones S. microdontum, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose, a concentração de Fe mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al. A concentração de Mn em raízes diminuiu linearmente em relação ao Al nos clones Macaca e SMIC148-A e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Para Dakota Rose e SMIC148-A, a concentração de Mn mostrou uma resposta quadrática em relação ao Al em raízes e parte aérea. A concentração de Mn na parte aérea aumentou de forma cúbica com os níveis de Al no clone Dakota Rose. Na parte aérea, não houve alteração na concentração de Zn e Fe na Macaca e de Mn nos clones Macaca e S. microdontum. Em raízes e na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone Dakota Rose e mostrou resposta quadrática no clone Macaca. A concentração de Cu mostrou resposta quadrática com os níveis de Al em raízes dos clones S. microdontum e SMIC148-A. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone S. microdontum e diminuiu linearmente no clone SMIC148-A com o aumento nos níveis de Al. Portanto, a acumulação excessiva de Al afetou negativamente a absorção e a distribuição de Zn, Fe, Mn e Cu nas raízes e na parte aérea dos clones de batata. A resposta da concentração de Cu na parte aérea ao Al foi menos alterada nos clones Al-tolerantes que naqueles Al-sensíveis. A tolerância ao Al em S. microdontum pode estar conectada com os maiores níveis de Zn, Fe e Mn nas raízes.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al) on the zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) concentrations in four potato clones (Macaca and Dakota Rose: both Al-sensitive clones; and SMIC148-A and Solanum microdontum: both Al-tolerant-clones), grown in a nutrient solution (pH 4.00) with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg Al L-1. Root Zn and Fe concentrations decreased linearly with the increase of Al levels in Macaca, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose and increased linearly in S. microdontum. Shoot Zn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A, but a curvilinear response in Dakota Rose. Shoot Fe concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in S. microdontum, SMIC148-A and Dakota Rose. Root Mn concentration decreased linearly in Macaca and SMIC148-A, and increased linearly in S. microdontum with Al levels. Mn concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al in roots of Dakota Rose and in shoot of SMIC148-A, and increased curvilinearly with Al levels in shoot of Dakota Rose. In shoot, there was no alteration in Zn, Fe and Mn in Macaca and Mn concentration in S. microdontum. Roots and shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in Dakota Rose, and showed quadratic relationship with Al in Macaca. Roots Cu concentration showed a quadratic relationship with Al levels in S. microdontum and SMIC148-A. Shoot Cu concentration increased linearly in S. microdontum, and decreased linearly in SMIC148-A. Therefore, the excessive Al accumulation affected the uptake and distribution of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in roots and shoot of potato clones.The response of shoot Cu concentration to Al was less altered in the Al-tolerant clones than was in Al-sensitive clones. Aluminum tolerance in S. microdontum may be connected with greater levels of Zn, Fe and Mn in the roots.
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o efeito do alumínio (Al) na concentração de zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe) e cobre (Cu) em quatro clones de batata (Macaca e Dakota Rose: sensíveis ao Al; e SMIC148-A e Solanum microdontum: tolerantes ao Al) crescendo em solução nutritiva (pH 4,0) com 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200mg Al L-1. A concentração de Zn e Fe em raízes diminuiu linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de Al nos clones Macaca, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Zn mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al em S. microdontum e SMIC148-A, enquanto no clone Dakota Rose houve uma resposta cúbica. Nos clones S. microdontum, SMIC148-A e Dakota Rose, a concentração de Fe mostrou resposta quadrática ao Al. A concentração de Mn em raízes diminuiu linearmente em relação ao Al nos clones Macaca e SMIC148-A e aumentou linearmente em S. microdontum. Para Dakota Rose e SMIC148-A, a concentração de Mn mostrou uma resposta quadrática em relação ao Al em raízes e parte aérea. A concentração de Mn na parte aérea aumentou de forma cúbica com os níveis de Al no clone Dakota Rose. Na parte aérea, não houve alteração na concentração de Zn e Fe na Macaca e de Mn nos clones Macaca e S. microdontum. Em raízes e na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone Dakota Rose e mostrou resposta quadrática no clone Macaca. A concentração de Cu mostrou resposta quadrática com os níveis de Al em raízes dos clones S. microdontum e SMIC148-A. Na parte aérea, a concentração de Cu aumentou linearmente no clone S. microdontum e diminuiu linearmente no clone SMIC148-A com o aumento nos níveis de Al. Portanto, a acumulação excessiva de Al afetou negativamente a absorção e a distribuição de Zn, Fe, Mn e Cu nas raízes e na parte aérea dos clones de batata. A resposta da concentração de Cu na parte aérea ao Al foi menos alterada nos clones Al-tolerantes que naqueles Al-sensíveis. A tolerância ao Al em S. microdontum pode estar conectada com os maiores níveis de Zn, Fe e Mn nas raízes.
ABSTRACT
O Syzygium cumini, conhecido popularmente como Jambolão é uma planta amplamente utilizada no tratamento da diabetes melito insulino dependente (DMID). Este estudo verificou a ação do Syzygium cumini no sistema nervoso central e gastrintestinal de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Foi realizada a administração oral por gavagem do extrato aquoso da casca de Syzygium cumini, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo. Após um período de trinta dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e trato gastrintestinal foram retirados, avaliados macroscopica e microscopicamente. A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex cerebral, estriato, e hipocampo. Não houve diferença histológica no sistema digestório entre os animais do grupo C e CT e entre DC e DT. Apesar de não haver alteração histológica no encéfalo de nenhum animal, foi observado uma inibição na atividade da acetilcolinesterase no cerebelo e córtex cerebral de ratos do grupo DT (p 0,05), comparado com o CT. No estriato houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo CT (p 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrado nenhuma variação significativa. Esses result
ABSTRACT
O Syzygium cumini, conhecido popularmente como Jambolão é uma planta amplamente utilizada no tratamento da diabetes melito insulino dependente (DMID). Este estudo verificou a ação do Syzygium cumini no sistema nervoso central e gastrintestinal de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Foi realizada a administração oral por gavagem do extrato aquoso da casca de Syzygium cumini, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo. Após um período de trinta dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e trato gastrintestinal foram retirados, avaliados macroscopica e microscopicamente. A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex cerebral, estriato, e hipocampo. Não houve diferença histológica no sistema digestório entre os animais do grupo C e CT e entre DC e DT. Apesar de não haver alteração histológica no encéfalo de nenhum animal, foi observado uma inibição na atividade da acetilcolinesterase no cerebelo e córtex cerebral de ratos do grupo DT (p 0,05), comparado com o CT. No estriato houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo CT (p 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrado nenhuma variação significativa. Esses result
ABSTRACT
The present study verified the efficiency of the bark ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini on the cholinergic system of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty-nine female rats were divided in control (C), treated with Syzygium cumini (TS), diabetic (D) and diabetic treated with Syzygium cumini (DS). The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was analyzed in the following cerebral structures: cerebellum, cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini in the dose of 1g.kg-1 was administered orally daily for a period of thirty days. After this period the extract inhibited the activity of the AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the rats in the DS group (P 0.05) as, compared to TS. In the striatum there was a significant increase in the activity of the AChE in rats of the TS group (P 0.01) when compared to the C group, and in the hippocampus there was no significant variation. These results indicate that the bark extract of "Jambolão"has an inhibitory effect on AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex and an stimulatory effect on striatum, indicating a possible alteration in the functionality of the cholinergic system in such cerebral structures.
Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o sistema colinérgico de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), tratado com Syzygium cumini (TS), diabético (D) e diabético tratado com Syzygium cumini (DS). A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex, estriado e hipocampo. O extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini na dose de 1g.kg-1 foi administrado diariamente por um período de trinta dias. Foi verificado após este período que o extrato inibiu a atividade da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral dos ratos do grupo DS (P 0,05), comparado com o TS. No estriado houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo TS (P 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrada nenhuma variação significativa. Esses resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão, possui um efeito inibitório da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral e um efeito ativador sobre essa enzima no estriado, indicando uma possível alteração na funcionalidade do sistema colinérgico nestas estruturas cerebrais.
ABSTRACT
The present study verified the efficiency of the bark ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini on the cholinergic system of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty-nine female rats were divided in control (C), treated with Syzygium cumini (TS), diabetic (D) and diabetic treated with Syzygium cumini (DS). The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was analyzed in the following cerebral structures: cerebellum, cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini in the dose of 1g.kg-1 was administered orally daily for a period of thirty days. After this period the extract inhibited the activity of the AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the rats in the DS group (P 0.05) as, compared to TS. In the striatum there was a significant increase in the activity of the AChE in rats of the TS group (P 0.01) when compared to the C group, and in the hippocampus there was no significant variation. These results indicate that the bark extract of "Jambolão"has an inhibitory effect on AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex and an stimulatory effect on striatum, indicating a possible alteration in the functionality of the cholinergic system in such cerebral structures.
Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o sistema colinérgico de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), tratado com Syzygium cumini (TS), diabético (D) e diabético tratado com Syzygium cumini (DS). A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex, estriado e hipocampo. O extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini na dose de 1g.kg-1 foi administrado diariamente por um período de trinta dias. Foi verificado após este período que o extrato inibiu a atividade da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral dos ratos do grupo DS (P 0,05), comparado com o TS. No estriado houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo TS (P 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrada nenhuma variação significativa. Esses resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão, possui um efeito inibitório da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral e um efeito ativador sobre essa enzima no estriado, indicando uma possível alteração na funcionalidade do sistema colinérgico nestas estruturas cerebrais.
ABSTRACT
The plant Syzygium cumini, also known as Black Plum is used widely in the popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study verified the efficiency of the extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini on the glycemic levels and oxidative stress of normal and diabetic rats induced by alloxan. The animals were divided in control group (C), control treatment group (CT), diabetic control group (DC) and diabetic treatment group (DT). Oral administration of the aqueous extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini, in the dose of 1g/kg live weight, for a period of thirty days, did not result in a significant reduction on glycemia or on glucosilated hemoglobin levels. The treatment with the extract demonstrated an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the plasma of the DT group (P 0.05), compared to the C. Kidney catalase activity of rats in DC group decreased significantly (P 0.01) and, in the liver, it showed a significant elevation in group DC (P 0.01). Those results indicated that the extract of Syzygium cumini bark does not possess hypoglycemic effect in alloxan diabetic induced rats. The antioxidant effect of this plant was not enough to reduce the production of TBA-RS significantly. The decrease of catalase activity in the kidneys can be owed to its exhaustion or inhibition, and its increase in the liver could be due to oxidative stress caused by the diabetic status.
O Syzygium cumini, também conhecido como Jambolão é amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para o tratamento da diabetes melito. Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre os níveis glicêmicos e estresse oxidativo de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). A administração oral do extrato aquoso da casca de Jambolão, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo, por um período de trinta dias, não resultou em uma redução significativa na glicemia e nos níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada. Neste estudo, o tratamento com o extrato demonstrou um aumento dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA-RS) no plasma dos ratos do grupo DT (P 0,05), comparado com o C. A atividade da catalase nos rins dos ratos do grupo DC diminuiu significativamente (P 0,01) e no fígado houve uma elevação significativa dessa enzima no grupo DC (P 0,01). Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão não possui efeito hipoglicemiante em ratos diabéticos induzidos pelo aloxano. O efeito antioxidante desta planta não foi suficiente para diminuir significativamente a produção de TBA-RS. A diminuição da atividade da catalase nos rins pode ser devida à exaustão ou inibição desta enzima e seu aumento, no fígado, devido ao estresse oxidativo, ocasionado pelo estado diabético.
ABSTRACT
The plant Syzygium cumini, also known as Black Plum is used widely in the popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study verified the efficiency of the extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini on the glycemic levels and oxidative stress of normal and diabetic rats induced by alloxan. The animals were divided in control group (C), control treatment group (CT), diabetic control group (DC) and diabetic treatment group (DT). Oral administration of the aqueous extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini, in the dose of 1g/kg live weight, for a period of thirty days, did not result in a significant reduction on glycemia or on glucosilated hemoglobin levels. The treatment with the extract demonstrated an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the plasma of the DT group (P 0.05), compared to the C. Kidney catalase activity of rats in DC group decreased significantly (P 0.01) and, in the liver, it showed a significant elevation in group DC (P 0.01). Those results indicated that the extract of Syzygium cumini bark does not possess hypoglycemic effect in alloxan diabetic induced rats. The antioxidant effect of this plant was not enough to reduce the production of TBA-RS significantly. The decrease of catalase activity in the kidneys can be owed to its exhaustion or inhibition, and its increase in the liver could be due to oxidative stress caused by the diabetic status.
O Syzygium cumini, também conhecido como Jambolão é amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para o tratamento da diabetes melito. Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre os níveis glicêmicos e estresse oxidativo de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). A administração oral do extrato aquoso da casca de Jambolão, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo, por um período de trinta dias, não resultou em uma redução significativa na glicemia e nos níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada. Neste estudo, o tratamento com o extrato demonstrou um aumento dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA-RS) no plasma dos ratos do grupo DT (P 0,05), comparado com o C. A atividade da catalase nos rins dos ratos do grupo DC diminuiu significativamente (P 0,01) e no fígado houve uma elevação significativa dessa enzima no grupo DC (P 0,01). Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão não possui efeito hipoglicemiante em ratos diabéticos induzidos pelo aloxano. O efeito antioxidante desta planta não foi suficiente para diminuir significativamente a produção de TBA-RS. A diminuição da atividade da catalase nos rins pode ser devida à exaustão ou inibição desta enzima e seu aumento, no fígado, devido ao estresse oxidativo, ocasionado pelo estado diabético.