Rasgos de personalidad y síntomas psicopatológicos en adultos con trastornos por consumo de sustancias / Personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in adults with substance use disorders

This study aimed to characterize the personality traits of individuals withsubstance use disorders to verify the association and predictive value of personalitytraits for psychopathological symptoms and impulsivity. The participants were 77adults undergoing treatment at a psychosocial care center for alcohol and drug,who completed a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the NEO FiveFactor Inventory, the Adult Self-Report (ASR), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS-11). Most participants presented very low/low scores on extroversion andopenness factors. The five personality factors revealed significant associations withmost ASR subscales and BIS-11. High rates of neuroticism and low levels ofextraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are related to a greateroccurrence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, attention, problems of thoughtand social isolation, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, and impulsivity.According to the regression models, conscientiousness and neuroticism factorswere more significant for symptoms related to anxiety/depression, thoughtproblems, and rule-breaking behavior. (AU)

Este estudio buscó caracterizar los rasgos de personalidad de individuos con trastornos porconsumo de sustancias, medir la asociación y el valor predictivo de los rasgos de personalidadcon los síntomas psicopatológicos y la impulsividad. Participaron 77 adultos de un centro deatención psicosocial para el tratamiento de alcohol y drogas, quienes completaron uncuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, el “Inventario de cinco factores NEO”, el“Autoinforme para adultos” (ASR) y la “Escala de impulsividad de Barratt” (BIS-11). Lamayoría de los participantes obtuvieron puntuaciones muy bajas/bajas en extraversión yapertura. Los cinco factores de personalidad revelaron asociaciones significativas con lamayoría de las subescalas del ASR y la BIS-11. Altos niveles de neuroticismo y bajos nivelesde extraversión, amabilidad y escrupulosidad se relacionan con una mayor ocurrencia desíntomas de ansiedad, depresión, atención, problemas de pensamiento y aislamiento social,quejas somáticas, comportamiento agresivo e impulsividad. Según los modelos de regresión,los factores de escrupulosidad y neuroticismo fueron más significativos para los síntomasrelacionados con la ansiedad/depresión, problemas de pensamiento y comportamiento deincumplimiento de reglas. (AU)

Normative Features of Phoneme Acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese.

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of gender, age, and types of school (public or private) on phoneme production, and provide normative data on phonological acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 733 children (ages 3 years to 8 years and 11 months), all monolingual speakers of BP with typical phonological development. Participants were evaluated using the spontaneous naming task from the Phonological Assessment Tool (Instrumento de Avaliação Fonológica - INFONO). The children's speech production was audio-recorded, transcribed, and submitted to phonological analysis. RESULTS: The effect of age was significant for all phonemes and syllable structures, especially when analyzed in combination with types of school and gender. Overall, phoneme production accuracy increased with age and varied depending on the types of school attended by the children, but did not differ between genders. CONCLUSION: Age had a greater impact on phoneme production. The normative data on phonological acquisition highlighted the differences between the ages of mastery for different phonemes, with elements such as the /r/ sound and complex onsets being acquired much later in development than some of the other phonemes analyzed.