Life-style behavior upon admission to higher education in Chilean university students: A longitudinal observational study

Aim: The main objective of this study was to analyze the change in physical activity, quality of diet, and weight upon admission to higher education and at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students. Materials and methods: 376 Chilean university students were prospectively recruited. All participants were assessed at bas eline and one-year follow-up. Sociodemographics and other co-variables were described. Physical activity, healthy eating behavior, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and quality of diet (with Healthy Eating Index), SECA 213 stadiometer and TANITA HD-351, respectively. Results: At the one-year follow-up, high-intensity METs (Metabolic equivalents) decreased by 147.9 (95% CI: 79.5 to 216; p = 0.000), moderate-intensity METs decreased by 85.0 (95% CI: 52.2 to 117.7; p = 0.000), sedentary behavior increased by 45.0 min/week (95% CI: 54.6 to 35.4; p = 0.000), total METs decreased by 793.6 (95% CI: 613.0 to 974.1; p = 0.000), HEI decreased by 45.4 points (95% CI: 48.5 to 82.1; p = 0.000), weight increased by 5.9 kg (95% CI: 3.5 to 6.3; p = 0.002), and BMI increased by 2.8 kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.7 to 3.2; p = 0.000). The correlation between total METs and the HEI was r = 0.21 (p = 0.013). Conclusions: There are statistically significant differences at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students in decreased physical activity, impaired healthy eating behavior, and increased weight and BMI.

Objetivo: El objetivo principal fue analizar los cambios en la actividad física, calidad de la dieta y el peso al ingreso a la educación superior y al año de seguimiento en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 376 estudiantes universitarios chilenos fueron prospectivamente reclutados. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados al ingreso y al año de seguimiento. Se describieron las variables sociodemográficas y otras co-variables. La actividad física, el comportamiento de alimentación saludable, el peso, talla y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) fueron evaluados con el Cuestionario Global de Actividad Física (CGAF), el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS), estadiómetro SECA 213 y el TANITA HD-351, respectivamente. Resultados: Al año de seguimiento, los METs a alta intensidad disminuyeron 147,9 (95% IC: 79,5 a 216; p = 0,000), METs a moderada intensidad disminuyeron 85,0 (95% IC: 52,2 a 117,7; p = 0,000), el comportamiento sedentario incremento 45,0 min/semana (95% IC: 54,6 a 35,4; p = 0,000), los METs totales disminuyeron 793,6 (95% CI: 613,0 a 974,1; p = 0,000), IAS disminuyó 45,4 puntos (95% IC: 48,5 a 82,1; p = 0,000), el peso aumento 5,9 kg (95% IC: 3,5 a 6,3; p = 0,002), y el IMC incrementó 2,8 kg/m2 (95% IC: 2,7 a 3,2; p = 0,000). La relación entre los METs totales y el IAS fue r = 0,21 (p = 0,013). Conclusiones: Al año de seguimiento, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la disminución de la actividad física, deterioro del comportamiento de alimentación saludable, e incremento del peso e IMC en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.

Life-style behavior upon admission to higher education in Chilean university students: A longitudinal observational study.

AIM: The main objective of this study was to analyze the change in physical activity, quality of diet, and weight upon admission to higher education and at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 376 Chilean university students were prospectively recruited. All participants were assessed at bas eline and one-year follow-up. Sociodemographics and other co-variables were described. Physical activity, healthy eating behavior, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and quality of diet (with Healthy Eating Index), SECA 213 stadiometer and TANITA HD-351, respectively. RESULTS: At the one-year follow-up, high-intensity METs (Metabolic equivalents) decreased by 147.9 (95% CI: 79.5 to 216; p = 0.000), moderate-intensity METs decreased by 85.0 (95% CI: 52.2 to 117.7; p = 0.000), sedentary behavior increased by 45.0 min/week (95% CI: 54.6 to 35.4; p = 0.000), total METs decreased by 793.6 (95% CI: 613.0 to 974.1; p = 0.000), HEI decreased by 45.4 points (95% CI: 48.5 to 82.1; p = 0.000), weight increased by 5.9 kg (95% CI: 3.5 to 6.3; p = 0.002), and BMI increased by 2.8 kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.7 to 3.2; p = 0.000). The correlation between total METs and the HEI was r = 0.21 (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: There are statistically significant differences at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students in decreased physical activity, impaired healthy eating behavior, and increased weight and BMI.

Efectividad de la dieta cetogénica en niños con epilepsia refractaria: revisión sistemática / Effectiveness of a ketogenic diet in children with refractory epilepsy: a systematic review

Introducción. La epilepsia es una patología cerebral que afecta tanto a niños como a adultos. Desde los años veinte, la dieta cetogénica ha ganado prestigio como otra opción de tratamiento en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. Sujetos y métodos. Se realiza una síntesis de la evidencia a través de una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que hayan comparado una dieta cetogénica sola con otros tipos de dieta para el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de la dieta cetogénica en la disminución de los episodios de convulsiones en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y ensayos clínicos controlados. Las bases de datos usadas fueron: Medline, LILACS, Central y CINAHL. Resultados. Se obtuvieron seis artículos que cumplían con los criterios de elegibilidad. Conclusiones. Existe evidencia limitada de que la dieta cetogénica en comparación con la dieta de triglicéridos de cadena media es más efectiva en disminuir la frecuencia de las convulsiones. Existe evidencia moderada de que la dieta cetogénica clásica en comparación con la dieta gradual (2,5:1 y 3:1) es más efectiva para disminuir las crisis epilépticas. Existe evidencia moderada de que la dieta cetogénica clásica en comparación con la dieta Atkins es más efectiva para disminuir la frecuencia de convulsiones en tres meses. La decisión de aplicar este tipo de dietas también debe basarse en costes, preferencias y seguridad del tratamiento. Además, debe considerarse la probabilidad de que algunos estudios, por problemas de indización, hayan quedado fuera de la revisión (AU)

Introduction. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects both children and adults. From the 1920s the ketogenic diet has gained prestige as another treatment option for patients with refractory epilepsy. Subjects and methods. A summary of the evidence will be made through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials that have compared a single ketogenic diet with other diet for the management of these patients. Aim. To determine the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in reducing episodes of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. The search strategy included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Databases used were Medline, LILACS, Central and CINAHL. Results. Six articles that met our elegibility criteria. Conclusions. There is limited evidence that the ketogenic diet compared to the medium-chain triglyceride diet is more effective in reducing the frequency of seizures. There is also moderate evidence that classical ketogenic diet compared to the gradual diet (2.5:1 and 3:1) is more effective in reducing seizures. There is moderate evidence that classical ketogenic diet compared to Atkins diet is more effective in reducing the frequency of seizure. The decision to apply this type of diet should also be based on costs, preferences and safety of treatment. It should also take into account the likelihood that studies have indexing problems have been left out of the review (AU)