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1.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 42(6): 286-294, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-197907

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La medición de la fuerza muscular respiratoria y la movilidad torácica tienen importancia en la evaluación clínica del sistema respiratorio en población pediátrica, sin embargo, sus valores pueden cambiar por las características de la población de cada país. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la fuerza muscular respiratoria y movilidad torácica en niños sanos de Cali, Colombia y analizar la correlación con medidas antropométricas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron niños sanos entre 8 y 11 años de un colegio de Cali, Colombia a quienes se les midió la fuerza muscular respiratoria con la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima (PIM) y Presión Espiratoria Máxima (PEM) y la movilidad torácica con la cirtometría axilar y xifoidea. También se tomaron las medidas antropométricas peso, talla e IMC para la edad. RESULTADOS: Se admitieron 89 niños, un 50,6% de sexo femenino y con IMC en normopeso para la edad del 62,9%. Mediana de PIM -60,0 cmH2O (Rango Intercuartílico [RIQ] 44,0) y PEM 49,0 cmH2O (RIQ 19,0). Mediana de cirtometría axilar 4,5 cm (RIQ 1,6) y xifoidea 4,7 cm (RIQ 1,7). La PIM tuvo correlación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para la edad (rs = 0,23 p = 0,030), la cirtometría axilar con el peso (rs = 0,35; p = 0,001) y el IMC para la edad (rs = 0,31; p = 0,003), la cirtometría xifoidea con el peso (rs = 0,24; p = 0,027) y la talla (rs = 0,22; p = 0,037). No hubo correlación entre la PIM-PEM y cirtometría. DISCUSIÓN: La fuerza muscular respiratoria y la movilidad torácica dependen de los cambios experimentados en el crecimiento del infante y de características diferenciales entre niños y niñas durante la pubertad


INTRODUCTION: The measurement of respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility are important in clinical assessment of the respiratory system in the paediatric population, however, their values can change according to the characteristics of the population of each country. The objective of the study was to describe respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility in healthy children from Cali, Colombia, and analyse their correlation with anthropometric measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study. We included healthy children between 8 and 11 years old, from a school in Cali, Colombia, whose respiratory muscle strength was measured with Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) and thoracic mobility with axillary and xiphoid cirtometry. Anthropometric measurements were taken, such as weight, height and BMI-for-age. RESULTS: 89 children were admitted, most were female (50.6%) and with normal BMI-for-age (62.9%). Median MIP -60.0 cmH2O (IQR 44.0) and MEP 49.0 cmH2O (IQR 19.0). Median axillary cirtometry 4.5 cm (IQR 1.6) and xiphoid cirtometry 4.7 cm (IQR 1.7). MIP correlated with BMI-for-age (rs = 0.23 p = 0.030), axillary cirtometry with weight (rs = 0.35 p = 0.001) and BMI-for-age (rs = 0.31 p = 0.003), xiphoid cirtometry with weight (rs = 0.24 p = 0.027) and height (rs = 0.22 p = 0.037). There was no correlation between MIP-MEP and cirtometry. DISCUSSION: Respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility depend on changes in the growth of the infant and differential characteristics between boys and girls during puberty


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Muscle Strength/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Thoracic Wall/physiology , Healthy Volunteers , Anthropometry , Physical Therapy Modalities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Weight by Height/physiology , Body Mass Index , Xiphoid Bone/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance
2.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 213-218, jul.-ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-183098

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo: La medición de la movilidad torácica tiene importancia en la valoración clínica de niños con afecciones del sistema respiratorio; sin embargo, se sabe que los valores pueden cambiar de acuerdo con las características de la población de cada país. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los valores de la movilidad torácica en niños colombianos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 2 colegios de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia) mediante un muestreo aleatorizado simple con asignación proporcional por grupo etario. Se evaluó la movilidad torácica con cirtometría y se tomaron las medidas antropométricas peso, talla e IMC para la edad. Resultados: Se incluyó a 79 niños y 72 niñas que, en su mayoría, tuvieron un IMC normal para la edad (62,3%). Los promedios de cirtometría axilar y xifoidea fueron 4,3 ± 1,1 cm y 4,1 ± 1,1 cm respectivamente. Los niños de 11años tuvieron una cirtometría axilar mayor que las niñas de esa misma edad (4,3 ± 0,5 vs. 3,7 ± 0,9; p = 0,006). En las niñas, la cirtometría axilar desciende a medida que aumenta la edad (p = 0,040). Conclusiones: En las edades estudiadas la movilidad torácica difiere entre niños y niñas, probablemente porque el desarrollo de la composición corporal varía durante la pubertad y es diferencial por sexo


Background and objective: Although the measurement of thoracic mobility is important in the clinical assessment of children with respiratory system disorders, it is known that the values can change according to the characteristics of the population of each country. The aim of the study was to report the thoracic mobility values in healthy Colombian children between 8 and 11 years old. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 2schools in the city of Cali, Colombia, using simple random sampling with proportional allocation by age group. The thoracic mobility was measured with cirtometry (measurement of circumferences), and the anthropometric measurements recorded for weight, height, and BMI-for-age. Results: A total of 79 boys and 72 girls were included. Most of them had a normal BMI-for-age (62.3%), with mean axillary and xiphoid cirtometry being 4.3 ± 1.1 cm and 4.1 ± 1.1 cm, respectively. Eleven-year-old boys had a higher axillary cirtometry than girls of the same age (4.3 ± 0.5 vs. 3.7 ± 0.9, p = .006). In girls, axillary cirtometry decreased as age increased (p = .040). Conclusions: At the ages studied, thoracic mobility differs between boys and girls, probably because the development of body composition varies during puberty and is differentiated by gender


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Body Composition/physiology , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Thoracic Wall/physiology , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia , Data Analysis , Analysis of Variance
3.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 40(4): 169-177, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-178272

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La rehabilitación pulmonar en pacientes con EPOC genera impacto en la tolerancia al ejercicio, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y la disminución de síntomas; sin embargo, se desconoce si existe un comportamiento diferencial en los pacientes que tienen indicado oxígeno domiciliario. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en términos de tolerancia al ejercicio, disnea y CVRS en dos grupos de pacientes con EPOC: uno con indicación de oxígeno domiciliario y otro sin indicación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo que incluyó 66 pacientes, 31 con oxígeno domiciliario y 35 sin prescripción de oxígeno. Se valoró al inicio y final del programa el índice de masa corporal, la disnea con la escala modificada Medical Research Council (mMRC), la distancia recorrida en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos (PM6M), la ansiedad y depresión con el Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) y la CVRS medida con el cuestionario St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Resultados: Las puntuaciones del HADS y del SGRQ presentaron mejoría en todos los dominios, pero no hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos; sin embargo, el índice de masa corporal, la mMRC, la distancia recorrida en la PM6M y el VO2e mantuvieron su diferencia estadísticamente significativa a favor del grupo sin oxígeno domiciliario (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los pacientes sin prescripción de oxígeno presentaron mejor rendimiento en la PM6M, lo cual puede atribuirse al menor grado de disnea en las actividades de la vida diaria y a la mayor limitación en pacientes con oxígeno domiciliario


Introduction: Pulmonary Rehabilitation in patients with COPD impacts exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptom reduction: However, it is not known whether there is differential behaviour in patients for whom home oxygen is indicated. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in terms of exercise tolerance, dyspnoea and HRQoL in two groups of patients with COPD: one with indication for home oxygen and the other without. Methods: Prospective descriptive study that included 66 patients, 31 with home oxygen and 35 with no oxygen prescription. Body mass index, dyspnoea evaluated with the modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), anxiety and depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and HRQoL measured with the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were assessed at the beginning and end of the programme. Results: The HADS and SGRQ showed improvement in all the domains but there were no differences between either group. However, the body mass index, the mMRC, the 6MWD and the VO2e maintained their statistically significant difference in favour of the group without home oxygen (P < .05). Conclusions: The patients without oxygen prescription performed better in the 6MWD, which can be attributed to the lower degree of dyspnoea in the activities of daily life and to greater limitation for patients with home oxygen


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Exercise Tolerance , Oxygen Consumption , Quality of Life , Dyspnea , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Colombia
4.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 50(1): 13-18, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-149251

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La EPOC es una enfermedad sistémica y multifactorial generadora de altos índices de mortalidad en Colombia y en el mundo; el uso de oxígeno a largo plazo ha demostrado la mejoría de la supervivencia, pero desconocemos cuál es el impacto del oxígeno domiciliario sobre la capacidad funcional si se compara con pacientes con características sociodemográficas similares, pero sin indicación de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. El propósito de este estudio fue describir la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de 2 grupos de pacientes con EPOC, uno con indicación de oxígeno domiciliario y otro sin indicación. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal donde se incluyó una muestra de 59 pacientes con EPOC que ingresaron en la investigación en un periodo de 2 años, 36 usaban oxígeno domiciliario y 23 no lo usaban. En los 2 grupos se midió calidad de vida relacionada con la salud con el SGRQ y la capacidad funcional con el Test de caminata de 6 minutos (TC6M). Resultados. El grupo que usaba oxígeno domiciliario reportó peor puntuación en el SGRQ (50 ± 14,3 vs 43,8 ± 17,5; p = 0,1) y menor distancia recorrida en el TC6M (276,29 ± 85,6 vs 360,78 ± 108,1; p = 0,002) respecto al grupo sin indicación de oxígeno domiciliario. Conclusión. Los pacientes con EPOC que usaban oxígeno domiciliario mostraron menor capacidad funcional y peor percepción de la calidad de vida relaciona con la salud, en comparación con pacientes que no usaban oxígeno domiciliario (AU)


Introduction. COPD is a systemic and multifactorial disease generating high mortality in Colombia and elsewhere in the world. The use of long-term oxygen has been shown to improve survival, but there have been no studies on the impact of oxygen therapy on functional capacity compared with that in similar patients without an indication for home oxygen therapy. The purpose of this study was to describe functional capacity and health-related quality of life in two groups of patients with COPD: a group receiving home oxygen and another group without an indication for home oxygen. Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of 59 patients with COPD enrolled in the research project over a 2-year period; of these, 36 used home oxygen and 23 did not. In both groups, health-related quality of life was measured with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and functional capacity was measured with the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Results. The group using home oxygen reported worse scores on the SGRQ (50 ± 14.3 vs 43.8 ± 17.5; P = .1) and less distance covered in the 6MWT (276.29 ± 85.6 vs 108.1 ± 360.78; P = .002) compared with the group without an indication for home oxygen. Conclusion. COPD patients who used home oxygen showed lower functional capacity and worse perception of health-related quality of life compared with patients not using home oxygen (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Rehabilitation/psychology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , Dyspnea/pathology , Quality of Life/psychology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Muscle Fatigue/genetics , Colombia , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/nursing , Rehabilitation/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Dyspnea/complications , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , Muscle Fatigue/physiology
5.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 48(4): 204-209, oct.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-129586

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de morbilidad en el mundo y afectan a una gran población en edad productiva, haciéndola vulnerable al deterioro de su capacidad funcional. La rehabilitación cardiaca forma parte del manejo integral de estos pacientes, y el test de caminata de 6 min se ha convertido en una prueba fiable para la medición de la capacidad funcional; sin embargo, en Colombia son escasos los reportes que mencionan el uso de este test como parte de las baterías de medición en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de las primeras 6 semanas de rehabilitación cardiaca en la capacidad funcional de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular y cómo influye en la percepción de la calidad de vida. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Se midió la capacidad funcional con el test de caminata de 6 min, y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario SF-36 al inicio y 6 semanas después de rehabilitación cardiaca en 15 pacientes. Resultados. Mejoría estadísticamente significativa en el test de caminata: 43 ± 44 m (p = 0,007). Mejoría en todas las dimensiones y componentes del SF-36: salud mental 28 ± 20 (p = 0,000) y salud física 31 ± 14 (p = 0,000). Conclusión. Seis semanas de rehabilitación cardiaca permitieron una mejoría significativa de la capacidad funcional en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, generando un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida (AU)


Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity worldwide and affect a large population of working age, making them vulnerable to deterioration in functional capacity. Cardiac rehabilitation is part of the integrated management of these patients. The Six-Minute Walk Test has become a reliable tool for measuring functional capacity. However, in Colombia there are few reports that mention the use of this test as part of the battery employed in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Objective. To determine the impact of the first 6 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation on the functional capacity of patients with cardiovascular disease and how this treatment affects perceived quality of life. Material and methods. A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out in 15 patients. We assessed functional capacity with the Six-Minute Walk Test and quality of life with the SF-36 questionnaire at baseline and 6 weeks after cardiac rehabilitation. Results. The Six-Minute Walk Test showed a statistically significant improvement (43 ± 44 m; P = .007). All aspects and components of the SF-36 improved: 28 ± 20 mental health (P = .000) and 31 ± 14 physical health (P = .000). Conclusion. Six weeks of cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved functional capacity in patients with heart disease and had a positive impact on quality of life (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Walking/physiology , Treatment Outcome , Rehabilitation Services , Longitudinal Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Aquichan ; 7(1): 8-24, abr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-550302

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación es realizada con el propósito de explorar qué tanto la teoría de las transiciones soporta los hallazgos de la experiencia del embarazo y el postparto, y ara obtener un aporte de los datos a la teoría.Objetivo general: identificar los elementos que caracterizan las transiciones del embarazo y el posparto a la luz de la teoría de las transiciones.Objetivos específicos: 1) Comprender la experiencia de las mujeres durante la transición del embarazo y el posparto; 2) explorar sobre las habilidades y los recursos con los que cuenta la mujer para afrontar los cambios; 3) establecer las condiciones que se presentan durante las tansiciones del embarazo y el posparto que permiten lograr una tansición saludable.Metodología: en el 2004 se realizó una investigación de estudio de caso. Un caso fue la transición del embarazo y el otro fue la transición del posparto. Las mujeres participantes entraron al estudio en la semana 26 del embarazo y permanecieron en él hasta la octava semana del posparto. Se aplicaron instrumentos para valorar riesgo, sintomatología depresiva, calidad de vida y apoyo social. Se utilizó la visita domiciliaria y la entrevista en profundidad.Resultados: se identificaron la naturaleza, las condiciones y los indicadores de la transición. La noticia del embarazo y la lactancia son momentos críiticos. La participación del compañero es altamente valorada; la planificación; las expectativas reales y la experiencia previa contribuyen a una transición saludable.Conclusiones: la teoría de las tansiciones aporta elementos para guiar el cuidadi. Se encontró replicación literal y teórica, y un elemento adicional a la teoría, elde la dimensión esperitual.Recomendaciones: involucrar al compañero, apoyar a la mujer ante la noticia del embarazo y en la lactancia. Valorar la dimensión espirirtual y realizar investigación respecto a esta dimensión.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Nursing , Women's Health , Waterway Transitions
8.
Compr Ther ; 26(2): 96-102, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10822788

ABSTRACT

The role of pacemakers in cardiac disease continues to expand, and recent technology has allowed therapy to be individualized. Newer indications for pacemakers now include long QT syndrome, neurocardiogenic syncope, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and drug refractory atrial fibrillation.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Long QT Syndrome/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Syncope, Vasovagal/therapy , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/therapy , Adult , Aged , Child , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced , Long QT Syndrome/congenital , Male
9.
Am J Cardiol ; 84(12): 1406-11, 1999 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10606113

ABSTRACT

While acquiring data for the International Long QT Syndrome Registry, we noticed that a number of patients referred for long QT syndrome (LQTS) were affected by asthma. The effect of asthma comorbidity on clinical course of LQTS has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of asthma in patients with LQTS, determine the influence of asthma comorbidity on outcome of LQTS patients, and to investigate the confounding effects of beta mimetics and beta blockers on the occurrence of cardiac events in asthmatic patients. The influence of asthma on risk of cardiac events (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or LQTS death) was evaluated after accounting for age, gender, QTc, and RR interval duration, beta-blocker and beta-mimetic use. Asthma was identified in 226 (5.2%) of 4,310 studied LQTS family members. Longer QTc duration was associated with higher incidence of asthma (p <0.001). Asthma was independently associated with significantly increased risk of cardiac events in affected LQTS patients (hazard ratio 1.32; p = 0.048) and in borderline-affected family members (hazard ratio 2.08; p = 0.004) after adjustment for QTc, RR interval, and gender. An increased risk of cardiac events in asthmatic patients observed before beta-blocker therapy was reduced after initiation of treatment with beta blockers. In conclusion, the occurrence of asthma in LQTS patients increases with QTc duration. Asthma comorbidity in LQTS patients is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events. The asthma-associated increase in the risk of LQTS-related cardiac events is diminished after initiation of beta-blocker therapy, suggesting a possible role of beta-receptor modulation underlying asthma-LQTS association.


Subject(s)
Asthma/mortality , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Long QT Syndrome/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adult , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/genetics , Comorbidity , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Long QT Syndrome/genetics , Male , Myocardial Infarction/genetics , Risk Factors
10.
Am J Cardiol ; 80(9): 1168-73, 1997 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9359544

ABSTRACT

QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia have been reported after therapeutic doses and overdosage of second generation antihistamines, such terfenadine and astemizol. Diphenhydramine (DPHM), a first generation H1 antagonist, is the most frequently used antihistaminic drug. Despite its widespread use, there are no data about cardiac action and electrocardiographic consequences of DPHM overdose. The 12-lead electrocardiograms of 126 patients (mean age 26 +/- 11 years) who had DPHM overdose were evaluated. The ingestion of large doses of DPHM (in majority of cases the dose was >500 mg) was primarily suicidal. Repolarization duration, dispersion, and morphology were evaluated in DPHM overdose patients and compared with those of healthy subjects. Mean heart rate of DPHM overdose patients was 103 +/- 25 beats/min. The QTc duration was significantly longer (453 +/- 43 vs 416 +/- 35 ms, respectively, p <0.001) and mean T-wave amplitude significantly lower (0.20 +/- 0.10 vs 0.33 +/- 0.15 mV, respectively, p <0.001) in DPHM-overdose patients than in control subjects. Dispersion of repolarization was significantly lower in DPHM-overdose patients than in control subjects (42 +/- 25 vs 52 +/- 21 ms, respectively; p = 0.003). None of the DPHM-overdose patients experienced torsades de pointes. In conclusion, DPHM overdose is associated with a significant increase in heart rate and a significant but moderate QTc prolongation. None of the studied patients, including those who had apparent QTc prolongation, experienced torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia.


Subject(s)
Diphenhydramine/poisoning , Electrocardiography , Heart Rate/drug effects , Histamine H1 Antagonists/poisoning , Tachycardia, Sinus/chemically induced , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Overdose/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Suicide, Attempted , Tachycardia, Sinus/diagnosis , Torsades de Pointes/chemically induced , Torsades de Pointes/diagnosis
11.
Circ Res ; 79(1): 103-8, 1996 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8925557

ABSTRACT

In transiently transfected mammalian cells we have identified pharmacological consequences of a naturally occurring deletion mutation, delta KPQ, of the human heart Na+ channel alpha subunit that previously has been linked to one form of the long QT syndrome, an inherited heart disease. Our results show that the Class IB antiarrhythmic agent lidocaine blocks maintained inward current through and slows recovery from inactivation of delta KPQ-encoded Na+ channels. Block is greater for maintained than for peak current. Because incomplete inactivation of mutant Na+ channels is now thought to underlie the prolonged ventricular action potential, which is the phenotype of this disease, and we find that the delta KPQ mutation speeds the recovery from inactivation of drug-free mutant channels, our results provide evidence, for the first time, that clinically relevant dysfunctional properties of an ion channel can be selectively targeted on the basis of the molecular properties conferred on the channel by an inherited genetic disorder.


Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Long QT Syndrome/genetics , Mutation , Sodium Channel Blockers , Sodium Channels/genetics , Cell Line , Electric Conductivity , Gene Deletion , Humans , Sodium Channels/physiology , Time Factors
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