ABSTRACT
Oral health care can be a difficult experience for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), for their family and for the dentist. The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the challenges experienced by the three aforementioned figures during oral care treatment. A cohort of 275 parents of typical development children (TD), 57 parents of children with ASD (3-15 years old) and by 61 dentists, completed two different multiple choices questionnaires. The data obtained show a great difficulty in the treatment of children with ASD as seen by the dentists and by the parents. This is due to: caregivers' demographic issues; difficulties encountered before and during the dental examination; scarce presence of experts in ASD treatment.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Dental Care/psychology , Dentists/psychology , Parents/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Services for Persons with Disabilities , Humans , Italy , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This study evaluates the effect of different concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100ng/mL) of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on primordial and secondary follicle development. It also investigates the effects of FSH and BMP-2 on the growth, morphology, ultrastructure and expression of mRNA for GDF9, NLRP5 and NPM2 genes in secondary follicles cultured for 18 days. The presence of BMP-2 at all tested concentrations increased the development of primordial follicles in vitro, but the highest concentration of BMP-2 (100 ng/mL) reduced the percentage of normal follicles when compared with tissues cultured with 10 ng/mL BMP-2. During culture of secondary follicles, in contrast to higher concentrations (50 or 100 ng/mL), 10 ng/mL BMP-2 kept the morphology of follicles during initial stages of in vitro culture. This concentration of BMP-2 also benefits maintenance of the ultrastructure of 18-day cultured follicles. The presence of both BMP-2 and FSH in culture medium resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in follicular diameter after 18 days of culture. However, both FSH and BMP-2 reduced follicular mRNA expression of GDF9 and NLRP5 when compared to follicles cultured in media containing only FSH. In combination with FSH, BMP-2 reduced the mRNA levels of NPM2, when compared to follicles cultured in control medium. It is concluded from these data that 10 ng/mL BMP-2 promotes the growth of primordial in vitro and it helps to maintain the ultrastructure of secondary follicles, while FSH is more important for better expression of follicular markers like GDF9 and NLRP5.
Subject(s)
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism , Ovarian Follicle/physiology , Animals , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/pharmacology , Cattle , Cells, Cultured , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation , Growth Differentiation Factor 9/biosynthesis , In Vitro Techniques , Nucleoplasmins/biosynthesis , Oocytes , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/analysisABSTRACT
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family consists of several growth factor proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily. BMPs bind to type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through the Smad signalling pathway. BMPs have been identified in mammalian ovaries, and functional studies have shown that they are involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis. This review summarizes the role of the BMP system during formation, growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in mammals.
Subject(s)
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/physiology , Oogenesis/physiology , Ovary/growth & development , Animals , Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors/genetics , Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors/metabolism , Female , Mammals , Ovary/physiology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This study investigated mRNA levels for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) IGF1 (IGF-I) and IGF2 (IGF-II), IGF receptors (IGF1R and IGF2R), and binding proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6) in bovine follicles of 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mm in diameter. mRNA expression levels in in vitro cultured follicles that reached approximately 0.5 mm were compared with that of in vivo grown follicles. IGF1R and IGF2R expression levels in 0.5 mm in vivo follicles were higher than in 1.0 or 0.2 mm follicles, respectively. IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6 showed variable expression in the follicular size classes analyzed. In vitro grown follicles had significantly reduced expression levels for IGF1, IGF1R, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6 mRNA when compared with 0.2 mm follicles, but, when compared with in vivo grown follicles (0.5 mm), only IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 showed a reduction in their expression. In conclusion, IGFs, their receptors and IGFBPs showed variable expression of mRNA levels in the follicular size classes analyzed.
Subject(s)
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Ovarian Follicle/physiology , Receptors, Somatomedin/genetics , Animals , Cattle , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6/genetics , Ovarian Follicle/cytology , RNA, Messenger , Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics , Tissue Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
Introdução: Os números crescentes das neoplasias de pele têm valorizado o conhecimento e a capacidade dos profissionais em Cirurgia Plástica acerca da realização de procedimentos terapêuticos envolvendo a retirada cirúrgica dessas lesões malignas e a reconstrução das áreas afetadas. A implantação do Instituto do Câncer (ICA), junto ao complexo ambulatorial e hospitalar de São José do Rio Preto - SP, promoveu uma reestruturação que atingiu desde a captação até o acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias de pele da região noroeste paulista. Objetivo: Dois anos após o início das atividades do ICA, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de definir o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos, observar mudanças nas condutas terapêuticas realizadas e nos resultados obtidos após seguimento, procurando quantificar o real impacto da implantação deste serviço no panorama das neoplasias de pele nesta região. Método: O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: na primeira, retrospectiva, foram analisados 93 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de câncer cutâneo não-melanoma, tratados antes do início das atividades do ICA. Na segunda, prospectiva, foram aplicados protocolos de atendimento, conduta e seguimento aos pacientes encaminhados ao Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do ICA, sendo 102 pacientes submetidos a análise. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o perfil epidemiológico é semelhante ao encontrado em outras regiões do país e que o real impacto da implantação do ICA foi promover uma queda significativa no número de ressecções incompletas, redução brutal dos custos para o SUS, padronização no seguimento pós-operatório e expressiva melhora das práticas de prevenção do câncer de pele.
Introduction: The growing numbers of the skin neoplasms have been appreciating the knowledge and the capacity of Plastic Surgery professionals concerning the accomplishment of therapeutic procedures that involves the surgical remove of those malignant lesions and the affected areas reconstruction. The Cancer Institute (ICA) implantation, close to the clinical compound of São José do Rio Preto - SP, promoted a complete restructuring that reached as from the reception to the postoperative monitoring of the skin cancer bearers of São Paulo northwest state area. Objective: Two years later the ICA activities beginning, it was achieved a study with the scope of define the assisted patients epidemiological profile, to observe changes in the accomplished therapeutic conducts and postoperative continuation results obtained, trying to measure the real impact of the implantation of this service in the context of the skin cancer in our region. Methods: The research was divided in two stages: first - retrospective 93 patients handbooks were analyzed, only in relation to the patients who had histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous cancer (non-melanoma) and who were treated before the ICA activities had started. Second - prospective protocols of consultation, conduct and following were applied to the patients leaded to the ICA Plastic Surgery Service, being 102 submitted to the analysis. Results: The results showed that the epidemiological profile is similar than the other places and that the real impact of ICA was to promote a significant decrease of incomplete resections, a rude cost reduction, follow up standardization and increase of prevention attitudes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Disease Prevention , Epidemiologic Studies , Skin Neoplasms , Health Profile , Methods , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
O silicone líquido foi introduzido no início do século XX comfinalidade estética e reparadora, teve seu apogeu no Japão, nadécada de 1950, e logo após apareceram as primeiraspublicações das reações adversas e suas complicações,principalmente com a prática de injeção ilícita dessa substânciapor pessoas não qualificadas. Este trabalho tem finalidade derealizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos da injeção desilicone líquido a propósito de casos de necrose de mamas.
The liquid silicon was introduced begin in the XXs century withaesthetic and reparative purpose, had its acme in Japan, in thedecade of 1950, and soon after they appeared the firstpublications of the adverse reactions and their complications,mainly with the practice of illicit injection of that nourishes forunqualified people. This work has purpose of accomplishing abibliographical revision on the effects of the injection of liquidsilicon concerning cases of necrosis of breast.
