Apparent calcium retention and digestibility coefficients of limestone with different particle sizes in laying hens

Apparent calcium (Ca) retention and digestibility coefficients are affected by limestone particle size in the diet of laying hens. This study aimed to determine the apparent retention and digestibility coefficients of Ca in limestone of different particle sizes in laying hens. The study comprised 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens (50 weeks of age; 1,964 ± 98 g) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three Ca concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg-1) × two limestone particle sizes (480 and 1,978 µm)] with eight repetitions per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The experiment included five days for adaptation and five days for total excreta collection. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the ten days to collect the ileal contents. The total or ileal Ca content was plotted against the Ca of diets concentration using linear regression analysis. The regression line slope represented the apparent retention (CaR) and digestibility coefficients of Ca (CaD) in limestone. There was interaction between Ca concentration in the diet and limestone granulometry on CaD (p = 0.001) and CaR (p < 0.001). The CaD and CaR of fine- and coarse-grained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients estimated for laying hens fed with fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.72 and 0.35, respectively. The apparent retention coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.96 and 0.47, respectively.

Broiler feed formulated with phosphorus, calcium, and energy deficiencies supplemented with exogenous enzymes / Rações para frangos formuladas com deficiências de fósforo, cálcio e energia suplementada com enzimas exógenas

Three experiments were carried out to verify the effects of the enzyme phytase, alone or combined with an enzyme complex, in diets deficient in available phosphorus (AP), calcium (Ca), and metabolizable energy (ME) on broiler performance, ME, and dietary amino acid digestibility. A total of 1,538 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated to the three experiments, each of which consisted of five treatments: positive control (PC; basal ration); negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 68 kcal kg-¹ ME); negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 101 kcal kg-¹ of ME); NC1 plus phytase; and NC2 plus phytase plus enzymatic complex. Body weight gain (WG) and feed intake were measured from 1-21 days and from 1-42 days, and the corrected feed conversion rate (FCR) for mortality was calculated. In the second and third experiments, the apparent ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and standar dizeddigestibility of amino acids, respectively, were determined, for the diets supplemented with phytase and the enzymatic complex. In the first experiment, enzyme supplementation increased (p 0.05) AMEn. In the third experiment, both enzyme treatments improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of amino acids in the supplemented diets compared to the deficient diets. Supplementation with phytase and carbohydrases preserves the performance of broilers fed diets deficient in AP, Ca, and ME and improves amino acid digestibility.

Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o efeito da enzima fitase, sozinha ou associada a um complexo enzimático, em dietas de milho-farelo de soja deficientes em fósforo disponível (Pd), cálcio (Ca) e energia metabolizável (EM) no desempenho de frangos de corte, valores de EM e digestibilidade de aminoácidos da dieta. Para ambos os experimentos, 1.538 frangos Cobb 500 machos foram alocados em 5 tratamentos: controle positivo (CP, ração basal), controle negativo 1 (CN1, CP menos 0,15% de Pd,0,16% Ca e 68 kcal kg-¹ EM), negativo controle 2 (CN2, CP menos 0,15% de Pd, 0,16% de Ca e 101 kcal kg-¹ de ME em relação à dieta CP), CN1 mais fitase (CN1 + F) e CN2 mais fitase mais complexo multi enzimático(CN2 + F + E). O ganho de peso corporal e o consumo de ração foram medidos de 1 a 21 dias e de 1 a 42 dias, e a taxa de conversão alimentar (CA) corrigida para mortalidade foi calculada. No segundo e terceiro experimentos, foram analisados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) e digestibilidade estandardizada de aminoácidos, respectivamente, em adição à fitase e ao complexo enzimático. No primeiro experimento, a suplementação enzimática aumentou (P 0,05) os valores de EMAn. No terceiro experimento, ambos os tratamentos enzimáticos melhoraram (P < 0,05) a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos nas dietas experimentais, em comparação com as dietas deficientes. A suplementação de fitase e carboidrases preserva o desempenho de frangos alimentados com dietas deficientes em Pd, Ca e EM e melhora a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos.

Broiler feed formulated with phosphorus, calcium, and energy deficiencies supplemented with exogenous enzymes / Rações para frangos formuladas com deficiências de fósforo, cálcio e energia suplementada com enzimas exógenas

Three experiments were carried out to verify the effects of the enzyme phytase, alone or combined with an enzyme complex, in diets deficient in available phosphorus (AP), calcium (Ca), and metabolizable energy (ME) on broiler performance, ME, and dietary amino acid digestibility. A total of 1,538 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated to the three experiments, each of which consisted of five treatments: positive control (PC; basal ration); negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 68 kcal kg-¹ ME); negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 101 kcal kg-¹ of ME); NC1 plus phytase; and NC2 plus phytase plus enzymatic complex. Body weight gain (WG) and feed intake were measured from 1-21 days and from 1-42 days, and the corrected feed conversion rate (FCR) for mortality was calculated. In the second and third experiments, the apparent ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and standar dizeddigestibility of amino acids, respectively, were determined, for the diets supplemented with phytase and the enzymatic complex. In the first experiment, enzyme supplementation increased (p < 0.05) WG at 21 days and 42 days relative to the negative controls. Phytase inclusion improved (p < 0.05) FCR at the initial phase compared to the NC1 diet. In the second experiment, enzyme supplementation did not affect(p > 0.05) AMEn. In the third experiment, both enzyme treatments improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of amino acids in the supplemented diets compared to the deficient diets. Supplementation with phytase and carbohydrases preserves the performance of broilers fed diets deficient in AP, Ca, and ME and improves amino acid digestibility.(AU)

Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o efeito da enzima fitase, sozinha ou associada a um complexo enzimático, em dietas de milho-farelo de soja deficientes em fósforo disponível (Pd), cálcio (Ca) e energia metabolizável (EM) no desempenho de frangos de corte, valores de EM e digestibilidade de aminoácidos da dieta. Para ambos os experimentos, 1.538 frangos Cobb 500 machos foram alocados em 5 tratamentos: controle positivo (CP, ração basal), controle negativo 1 (CN1, CP menos 0,15% de Pd,0,16% Ca e 68 kcal kg-¹ EM), negativo controle 2 (CN2, CP menos 0,15% de Pd, 0,16% de Ca e 101 kcal kg-¹ de ME em relação à dieta CP), CN1 mais fitase (CN1 + F) e CN2 mais fitase mais complexo multi enzimático(CN2 + F + E). O ganho de peso corporal e o consumo de ração foram medidos de 1 a 21 dias e de 1 a 42 dias, e a taxa de conversão alimentar (CA) corrigida para mortalidade foi calculada. No segundo e terceiro experimentos, foram analisados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) e digestibilidade estandardizada de aminoácidos, respectivamente, em adição à fitase e ao complexo enzimático. No primeiro experimento, a suplementação enzimática aumentou (P <0,05) o ganho de peso (GP) aos 21 dias e 42 dias em relação aos controles negativos. A inclusão de fitase melhorou (P < 0,05) a taxa de conversão alimentar na fase inicial, em comparação com a dieta CN1. No segundo experimento, a suplementação enzimática não afetou (P > 0,05) os valores de EMAn. No terceiro experimento, ambos os tratamentos enzimáticos melhoraram (P < 0,05) a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos nas dietas experimentais, em comparação com as dietas deficientes. A suplementação de fitase e carboidrases preserva o desempenho de frangos alimentados com dietas deficientes em Pd, Ca e EM e melhora a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos.(AU)

In-feed organic and inorganic manganese supplementation on broiler performance and physiological responses.

OBJECTIVE: A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental levels of Mn provided by organic and inorganic trace mineral supplements on growth, tissue mineralization, mineral balance, and antioxidant status of growing broiler chicks. METHODS: A total of 500 male chicks (8-d-old) were used in 10-day feeding trial, with 10 treatments and 10 replicates of 5 chicks per treatment. A 2×5 factorial design was used where supplemental Mn levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg Mn/kg diet) were provided as MnSO4∙H2O or MnPro. When Mn was supplied as MnPro, supplements of zinc, copper, iron, and selenium were supplied as organic minerals, whereas in MnSO4∙H2O supplemented diets, inorganic salts were used as sources of other trace minerals. Performance data were fitted to a linearbroken line regression model to estimate the optimal supplemental Mn levels. RESULTS: Manganese supplementation improved body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with chicks fed diets not supplemented with Mn. Manganese in liver, breast muscle, and tibia were greatest at 50, 75, and 100 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (total-SOD) were found in both liver and breast muscle of chicks fed diets supplemented with inorganic minerals. In chicks fed MnSO4∙H2O, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver were optimized at 59.8, 74.3, 20.6, and 43.1 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. In MnPro fed chicks, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver and breast were optimized at 20.6, 38.0, 16.6, 33.5, and 62.3 mg supplemental Mn/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of organic Mn were required by growing chicks for performance optimization compared to inorganic Mn. Based on the FCR, the ideal supplemental levels of organic and inorganic Mn in chick feeds were 38.0 and 74.3 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively.

Selenium source and level on performance, selenium retention and biochemical responses of young broiler chicks.

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) has been recognized as an essential micronutrient for nearly all forms of life. In recent decades, broiler responses to dietary Se supplemental levels and sources have received considerable attention. On environmental grounds, organic trace mineral utilization in practical broiler feeds has been defended due to its higher bioavailability. In such feeds, trace minerals are provided simultaneously in the same supplement as inorganic salts or organic chelates, a fact commonly ignored in assays conducted to validate organic trace mineral sources. The current assay aimed to investigate growth and biochemical responses, as well as Se retention of growing chicks fed diets supplemented with organic and inorganic Se levels and where the trace minerals (zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) were provided as organic chelates or inorganic salts according to Se source assessed. In so doing, a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement was used to investigate the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and selenium-yeast (SY) supplemented in feeds to provide the levels of 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, and 0.32 mg Se/kg. RESULTS: Chicks fed selenium-yeast diets had body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG) maximized at 0.133 and 0.130 mg Se/kg, respectively. Both Se sources linearly increased (P < 0.05) the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in chick blood but higher values were observed in sodium selenite fed chicks (P < 0.05). Both Se sources influenced thyroid hormone serum concentrations (P < 0.05). Chicks fed SY exhibited greater retention of Se in the feathers (P < 0.05). Relative bioavailability of selenium yeast compared with SS for the Se content in carcass, feathers, total and Se retention were, 126, 116, 125 and 125%, respectively. SY supplementation resulted in lower liver Se concentration as Se supplementation increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on performance traits, the supplemental level of organic Se as SY in organic trace minerals supplement to support the maximal growth of broiler chicks is 0.133 mg Se/kg.

Organic trace minerals and calcium levels in broilers' diets to 21 days old

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary calcium levels and supplementation with organic trace minerals selenium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese on performance, tissue deposition and litter mineral concentration. A total of 2,496 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to a 3 × 4 factorial experimental design with three levels of dietary Ca [8, 10 and 12 g kg–1, while maintaining the same Ca:nPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio (2:1)] and four levels of micromineral supplementation (0.62, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.92 g kg–1). There was a total of 12 treatments, with eight replicates of 26 birds per pen. Micromineral supplementation (MS) was achieved by adding different levels of the product Bioplex TR Se® and Ca supplementation was achieved by adding increasing levels of limestone and dicalcium phosphate. An interaction between Ca and MS levels was observed (p 0.05) for Ca, P or ash concentrations in the tibia, which were influenced only by dietary Ca levels (p < 0.05). The Ca level of 10 g kg–1 promoted higher Ca and P concentration in the tibia and lower micromineral excretion in the litter. The combination of MS level of 0.82 g kg–1 with Ca level of 10 g kg–1 led to the best BWG response. The supplementation conditions that led to higher micromineral levels in the liver and breast varied for each mineral.

Organic trace minerals and calcium levels in broilers' diets to 21 days old

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary calcium levels and supplementation with organic trace minerals selenium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese on performance, tissue deposition and litter mineral concentration. A total of 2,496 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to a 3 × 4 factorial experimental design with three levels of dietary Ca [8, 10 and 12 g kg–1, while maintaining the same Ca:nPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio (2:1)] and four levels of micromineral supplementation (0.62, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.92 g kg–1). There was a total of 12 treatments, with eight replicates of 26 birds per pen. Micromineral supplementation (MS) was achieved by adding different levels of the product Bioplex TR Se® and Ca supplementation was achieved by adding increasing levels of limestone and dicalcium phosphate. An interaction between Ca and MS levels was observed (p < 0.05) for the parameters of performance, liver Cu concentration, breast Se and Cu concentrations and litter Se, Mn and Zn concentrations. No interactions were observed (p > 0.05) for Ca, P or ash concentrations in the tibia, which were influenced only by dietary Ca levels (p < 0.05). The Ca level of 10 g kg–1 promoted higher Ca and P concentration in the tibia and lower micromineral excretion in the litter. The combination of MS level of 0.82 g kg–1 with Ca level of 10 g kg–1 led to the best BWG response. The supplementation conditions that led to higher micromineral levels in the liver and breast varied for each mineral.(AU)

Xylanase and B-glucanase in maize- and soybean meal-based diets for broilers / Xilanase e B-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja para frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and β-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-¹ ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-¹ ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p < 0.05). However, the birds that consumed the NC2 diet with Blend B exhibited a similar WG to those in PC group (p > 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase [...].(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes blends enzimáticos de xilanase e β-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e metabolizabilidade da energia para frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos com frangos de corte da linhagem COBB500. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 1960 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, totalizando sete tratamentos: T1- Controle Positivo (CP); T2- Controle negativo 1 (CN1; CP menos 200 kcal Kg-¹ de EM); T3 - CN1 + Blend A; T4 - CN1 + Blend B; T5 - Controle negativo 2 (CN2; CP menos 167 kcal Kg-¹ de EM e 5% de aminoácidos); T6 - CN2 + Blend A e T7 - CN2 + Blend B. Foram utilizadas 14 repetições por tratamento e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade dos frangos foram o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR) e a conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 42 dias calculou-se o índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), viabilidade (VIAB) e rendimento de cortes. Foi observado que as aves que receberam dietas com reduzido valor nutricionais apresentaram redução no GP e IEP e piora na CA comparadas ao CP (p < 0,05), porém as aves que consumiram a dieta CN2 com o Blend B, que apresentaram GP semelhante ao CP (p > 0,05) no período de um a 21 dias de vida. Para o rendimento de coxa mais sobrecoxa (RCS), foi possível observar que os fatores apresentaram estatisticamente (p >0,05) semelhantes ao CP. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 432 pintos com 14 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos com 8 repetições por tratamento e 6 aves por unidade experimental. Foram determinados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn). Em geral, a dieta CN2 como Blend B apresentou o maior valor de EMA e EMAn, porém, [...].(AU)

Xylanase and B-glucanase in maize- and soybean meal-based diets for broilers / Xilanase e B-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja para frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and β-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-¹ ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-¹ ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase [...].

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes blends enzimáticos de xilanase e β-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e metabolizabilidade da energia para frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos com frangos de corte da linhagem COBB500. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 1960 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, totalizando sete tratamentos: T1- Controle Positivo (CP); T2- Controle negativo 1 (CN1; CP menos 200 kcal Kg-¹ de EM); T3 - CN1 + Blend A; T4 - CN1 + Blend B; T5 - Controle negativo 2 (CN2; CP menos 167 kcal Kg-¹ de EM e 5% de aminoácidos); T6 - CN2 + Blend A e T7 - CN2 + Blend B. Foram utilizadas 14 repetições por tratamento e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade dos frangos foram o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR) e a conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 42 dias calculou-se o índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), viabilidade (VIAB) e rendimento de cortes. Foi observado que as aves que receberam dietas com reduzido valor nutricionais apresentaram redução no GP e IEP e piora na CA comparadas ao CP (p 0,05) no período de um a 21 dias de vida. Para o rendimento de coxa mais sobrecoxa (RCS), foi possível observar que os fatores apresentaram estatisticamente (p >0,05) semelhantes ao CP. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 432 pintos com 14 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos com 8 repetições por tratamento e 6 aves por unidade experimental. Foram determinados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn). Em geral, a dieta CN2 como Blend B apresentou o maior valor de EMA e EMAn, porém, [...].

Energy values and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in some feedstuffs for broilers / Valores energéticos e digestibilidade ileal estandardizada de aminoácidos de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to determine the energy values, standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of parboiled brown rice bran (PBRB), protein sorghum meal (PSM) and bread waste meal (BWM) in broiler diets. In the first trial, 144 broiler chicks at 14 days of age were evaluated in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a control diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The total excreta collection method was adopted to determine the energy values of the feedstuffs. In the second trial, 144 broilers at 24 days of age were used in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a protein-free diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Ileal digesta was harvested to determine the standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of the feedstuffs. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of PBRB, PSM and BWM were 2638, 2799 and 3399 kcal.kg-1, respectively. The metabolizability coefficients of AMEn (CAMEn) of PBRB, PSM and BWM were 54.13, 57.35 and 86.66%, respectively. Bread waste meal had the highest CAMEn (p < 0.05) and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (p < 0.01), followed by PBRB and PSM. The main limiting digestible amino acids in PBRB, PSM and BWM were found at the following respective levels: methionine - 0.19, 0.33 and 0.24%; lysine - 0.40, 0.46 and 0.40%; threonine - 0.25, 0.50 and 0.45%; and valine - 0.44, 0.73 and 0.48%.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar os valores energéticos, os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal estandardizada e os teores de aminoácidos digestíveis do farelo de arroz integral parboilizado (FAIP), do farelo proteico de sorgo (FPS) e do farelo de resíduo de pão (FRP) em dietas para frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 144 pintos de corte com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três alimentos + uma dieta referência, com 6 repetições e 6 frangos por unidade experimental. Foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas para determinar os valores energéticos dos alimentos. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 144 frangos de corte com 24 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três alimentos + uma dieta isenta de proteína, com 6 repetições e 6 frangos por unidade experimental. A coleta da digesta ileal foi utilizada para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal estandardizada e o teor de aminoácidos digestíveis dos alimentos. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 2638, 2799 e 3399 kcal.kg-1, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da EMAn (CEMAn) do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 54,13, 57,35 e 86,66 %, respectivamente. Os CEMAn (p<0,05) e da digestibilidade ileal estandardizada dos aminoácidos (p<0,01) do FRP foram maiores, seguido pelo FAIP e FPS. Os valores dos principais aminoácidos limitantes digestíveis do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 0,19, 0,33 e 0,24 para a metionina; 0,40, 0,46 e 0,40 para lisina; 0,25, 0,50 e 0,45 para treonina; e 0,44, 0,73 e 0,48 para valina, respectivamente.(AU)

Energy values and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in some feedstuffs for broilers / Valores energéticos e digestibilidade ileal estandardizada de aminoácidos de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to determine the energy values, standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of parboiled brown rice bran (PBRB), protein sorghum meal (PSM) and bread waste meal (BWM) in broiler diets. In the first trial, 144 broiler chicks at 14 days of age were evaluated in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a control diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The total excreta collection method was adopted to determine the energy values of the feedstuffs. In the second trial, 144 broilers at 24 days of age were used in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a protein-free diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Ileal digesta was harvested to determine the standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of the feedstuffs. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of PBRB, PSM and BWM were 2638, 2799 and 3399 kcal.kg-1, respectively. The metabolizability coefficients of AMEn (CAMEn) of PBRB, PSM and BWM were 54.13, 57.35 and 86.66%, respectively. Bread waste meal had the highest CAMEn (p < 0.05) and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (p < 0.01), followed by PBRB and PSM. The main limiting digestible amino acids in PBRB, PSM and BWM were found at the following respective levels: methionine - 0.19, 0.33 and 0.24%; lysine - 0.40, 0.46 and 0.40%; threonine - 0.25, 0.50 and 0.45%; and valine - 0.44, 0.73 and 0.48%.

Objetivou-se determinar os valores energéticos, os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal estandardizada e os teores de aminoácidos digestíveis do farelo de arroz integral parboilizado (FAIP), do farelo proteico de sorgo (FPS) e do farelo de resíduo de pão (FRP) em dietas para frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 144 pintos de corte com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três alimentos + uma dieta referência, com 6 repetições e 6 frangos por unidade experimental. Foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas para determinar os valores energéticos dos alimentos. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 144 frangos de corte com 24 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três alimentos + uma dieta isenta de proteína, com 6 repetições e 6 frangos por unidade experimental. A coleta da digesta ileal foi utilizada para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal estandardizada e o teor de aminoácidos digestíveis dos alimentos. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 2638, 2799 e 3399 kcal.kg-1, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da EMAn (CEMAn) do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 54,13, 57,35 e 86,66 %, respectivamente. Os CEMAn (p<0,05) e da digestibilidade ileal estandardizada dos aminoácidos (p<0,01) do FRP foram maiores, seguido pelo FAIP e FPS. Os valores dos principais aminoácidos limitantes digestíveis do FAIP, do FPS e do FRP foram 0,19, 0,33 e 0,24 para a metionina; 0,40, 0,46 e 0,40 para lisina; 0,25, 0,50 e 0,45 para treonina; e 0,44, 0,73 e 0,48 para valina, respectivamente.

EXIGÊNCIA DE METIONINA + CISTINA PARA FRANGAS DE REPOSIÇÃO NA FASE INICIAL (1 A 6 SEMANAS DE IDADE)

Abstract An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of methionine +cystine for growing pullets at starter phase (1 to 6 weeks old) and its effect on the laying phase. In the first experiment, 720 birds (50% Lohmann LSL and 50% Lohmann Brown) at one week of age were distributed on a completely randomized design, 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (levels of met + cys and strain), with four replications and 18 birds each. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.536; 0.616; 0.696; 0.776; and 0.856 %. At 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used for the second experimental phase. The diets given to birds at this phase was the same for all the treatments. In the production phase, the residual effects of the experimental diets provided during the initial phase on the production parameters were evaluated. The level of methionine + cystine recommended for white-egg and brown-egg pullets in the period from 1 to 6 weeks of age are 0.778 % of total methionine + cystine (0.700% met + cis digestible) and 0.739% of total methionine + cystine (0.665% of digestible methionine + cystine), respectively.

Resumo Objetivou-se determinar a exigência de metionina + cistina total para frangas na fase inicial e verificar seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. Na primeira fase experimental, 720 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) com uma semana de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (níveis de met + cis e linhagens), com quatro repetições e 18 aves por repetição. Os níveis de met + cis total estudados foram 0,536; 0,616; 0,696; 0,776; e 0,856 %. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, iniciou-se a segunda fase experimental, sendo utilizadas 240 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) provenientes da primeira fase experimental. A ração fornecida às aves nesta fase foi igual para todos os tratamentos. Na fase de produção avaliaram-se os efeitos residuais das dietas fornecidas no período inicial sobre os parâmetros produtivos. As exigências de metionina + cistina recomendadas para aves leves e semipesadas, no período de 1 a 6 semanas de idade, são de 0,778% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,700% de met + cis digestível) e 0,739% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,665% de met + cis digestível), respectivamente.

Requirement of methionine plus cystine for pullets in the initial phase (1 to 6 weeks old) / Exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de reposição na fase inicial (1 a 6 semanas de idade)

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of methionine +cystine for growing pullets at starter phase (1 to 6 weeks old) and its effect on the laying phase. In the first experiment, 720 birds (50% Lohmann LSL and 50% Lohmann Brown) at one week of age were distributed on a completely randomized design, 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (levels of met + cys and strain), with four replications and 18 birds each. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.536; 0.616; 0.696; 0.776; and 0.856 %. At 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used for the second experimental phase. The diets given to birds at this phase was the same for all the treatments. In the production phase, the residual effects of the experimental diets provided during the initial phase on the production parameters were evaluated. The level of methionine + cystine recommended for white-egg and brown-egg pullets in the period from 1 to 6 weeks of age are 0.778 % of total methionine + cystine (0.700% met + cis digestible) and 0.739% of total methionine + cystine (0.665% of digestible methionine + cystine), respectively.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência de metionina + cistina total para frangas na fase inicial e verificar seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. Na primeira fase experimental, 720 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) com uma semana de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (níveis de met + cis e linhagens), com quatro repetições e 18 aves por repetição. Os níveis de met + cis total estudados foram 0,536; 0,616; 0,696; 0,776; e 0,856 %. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, iniciou-se a segunda fase experimental, sendo utilizadas 240 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) provenientes da primeira fase experimental. A ração fornecida às aves nesta fase foi igual para todos os tratamentos. Na fase de produção avaliaram-se os efeitos residuais das dietas fornecidas no período inicial sobre os parâmetros produtivos. As exigências de metionina + cistina recomendadas para aves leves e semipesadas, no período de 1 a 6 semanas de idade, são de 0,778% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,700% de met + cis digestível) e 0,739% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,665% de met + cis digestível), respectivamente.(AU)

Requirement of methionine plus cystine for pullets in the initial phase (1 to 6 weeks old) / Exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de reposição na fase inicial (1 a 6 semanas de idade)

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of methionine +cystine for growing pullets at starter phase (1 to 6 weeks old) and its effect on the laying phase. In the first experiment, 720 birds (50% Lohmann LSL and 50% Lohmann Brown) at one week of age were distributed on a completely randomized design, 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (levels of met + cys and strain), with four replications and 18 birds each. The levels of total methionine + cystine studied were 0.536; 0.616; 0.696; 0.776; and 0.856 %. At 22 weeks of age, 240 birds were used for the second experimental phase. The diets given to birds at this phase was the same for all the treatments. In the production phase, the residual effects of the experimental diets provided during the initial phase on the production parameters were evaluated. The level of methionine + cystine recommended for white-egg and brown-egg pullets in the period from 1 to 6 weeks of age are 0.778 % of total methionine + cystine (0.700% met + cis digestible) and 0.739% of total methionine + cystine (0.665% of digestible methionine + cystine), respectively.

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência de metionina + cistina total para frangas na fase inicial e verificar seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. Na primeira fase experimental, 720 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) com uma semana de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (níveis de met + cis e linhagens), com quatro repetições e 18 aves por repetição. Os níveis de met + cis total estudados foram 0,536; 0,616; 0,696; 0,776; e 0,856 %. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, iniciou-se a segunda fase experimental, sendo utilizadas 240 aves (50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown) provenientes da primeira fase experimental. A ração fornecida às aves nesta fase foi igual para todos os tratamentos. Na fase de produção avaliaram-se os efeitos residuais das dietas fornecidas no período inicial sobre os parâmetros produtivos. As exigências de metionina + cistina recomendadas para aves leves e semipesadas, no período de 1 a 6 semanas de idade, são de 0,778% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,700% de met + cis digestível) e 0,739% de met + cis total (correspondendo a 0,665% de met + cis digestível), respectivamente.

Níveis de cálcio e relação cálcio: fósforo em rações para poedeiras leves de 24 a 40 semanas de idade / Levels of calcium and calcium: phosphorus ratio in diets for laiyng hens aged 24 to 40 weeks

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência nutricional de cálcio e a melhor relação cálcio:fósforo em rações para poedeiras leves de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 324 aves Hy-Line W-36, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo três níveis de cálcio (3,9; 4,2 e 4,5 %) e três relações cálcio/fósforo (9,3; 10,53 e 12,12/1), totalizando nove tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade do ovo, as características ósseas, o balanço de cálcio e fósforo e a mortalidade. Não houve interação (P>0,05) entre os níveis de cálcio e as relações cálcio/fósforo para nenhuma das variáveis, porém os níveis de cálcio promoveram efeito (P<0,05) sobre o peso e porcentagem da casca, cálcio na casca, ovos perdidos, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, cálcio e fósforo na excreta, cálcio e fósforo retido. A relação cálcio/fósforo influenciou significativamente (P<0,05) o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, fósforo na excreta e fósforo retido. Rações contendo 4,5% de cálcio e relação cálcio:fósforo de 12,12:1, correspondendo ao consumo de cálcio de 3,71 g/ave/dia e de fósforo de 306 mg/ave/dia, garantem desempenho satisfatório em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas(AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional requirement for calcium and the best calcium:phosphorus ratio in the diet for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age. 324 Hy-Line W-36 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in 3x3 factorial scheme, consisting of three levels of calcium (3.9, 4.2, and 4.5%) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (9.3, 10.53, and 12.12:1) totaling nine treatments, six replicates and six birds each. We evaluated performance, egg quality, bone characteristics, balance of calcium and phosphorus, and mortality. There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between calcium levels and calcium:phosphorus ratio for the variables, but levels of calcium affected (P <0.05) weight and shell percentage, calcium in the shell, lost eggs, consumption of calcium and phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus excretion, and retained calcium and phosphorus. The calcium:phosphorus ratio affected significantly (P <0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg mass, calcium and phosphorus intake, phosphorus excretion, and retained phosphorus. Diets containing 4.5% calcium and the calcium:phosphorus ratio of 12,12:1, corresponding to a calcium intake of 3.71 g/hen/day and phosphorus of 306 mg/bird /day, guarantee satisfactory performance in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks(AU)

Níveis de cálcio e relação cálcio: fósforo em rações para poedeiras leves de 24 a 40 semanas de idade / Levels of calcium and calcium: phosphorus ratio in diets for laiyng hens aged 24 to 40 weeks

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência nutricional de cálcio e a melhor relação cálcio:fósforo em rações para poedeiras leves de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 324 aves Hy-Line W-36, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo três níveis de cálcio (3,9; 4,2 e 4,5 %) e três relações cálcio/fósforo (9,3; 10,53 e 12,12/1), totalizando nove tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade do ovo, as características ósseas, o balanço de cálcio e fósforo e a mortalidade. Não houve interação (P>0,05) entre os níveis de cálcio e as relações cálcio/fósforo para nenhuma das variáveis, porém os níveis de cálcio promoveram efeito (P<0,05) sobre o peso e porcentagem da casca, cálcio na casca, ovos perdidos, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, cálcio e fósforo na excreta, cálcio e fósforo retido. A relação cálcio/fósforo influenciou significativamente (P<0,05) o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, fósforo na excreta e fósforo retido. Rações contendo 4,5% de cálcio e relação cálcio:fósforo de 12,12:1, correspondendo ao consumo de cálcio de 3,71 g/ave/dia e de fósforo de 306 mg/ave/dia, garantem desempenho satisfatório em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional requirement for calcium and the best calcium:phosphorus ratio in the diet for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age. 324 Hy-Line W-36 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in 3x3 factorial scheme, consisting of three levels of calcium (3.9, 4.2, and 4.5%) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (9.3, 10.53, and 12.12:1) totaling nine treatments, six replicates and six birds each. We evaluated performance, egg quality, bone characteristics, balance of calcium and phosphorus, and mortality. There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between calcium levels and calcium:phosphorus ratio for the variables, but levels of calcium affected (P <0.05) weight and shell percentage, calcium in the shell, lost eggs, consumption of calcium and phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus excretion, and retained calcium and phosphorus. The calcium:phosphorus ratio affected significantly (P <0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg mass, calcium and phosphorus intake, phosphorus excretion, and retained phosphorus. Diets containing 4.5% calcium and the calcium:phosphorus ratio of 12,12:1, corresponding to a calcium intake of 3.71 g/hen/day and phosphorus of 306 mg/bird /day, guarantee satisfactory performance in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks

NÍVEIS DE CÁLCIO E RELAÇÃO CÁLCIO: FÓSFORO EM RAÇÕES PARA POEDEIRAS LEVES DE 24 A 40 SEMANAS DE IDADE

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional requirement for calcium and the best calcium:phosphorus ratio in the diet for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age. 324 Hy-Line W-36 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in 3x3 factorial scheme, consisting of three levels of calcium (3.9, 4.2, and 4.5%) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (9.3, 10.53, and 12.12:1) totaling nine treatments, six replicates and six birds each. We evaluated performance, egg quality, bone characteristics, balance of calcium and phosphorus, and mortality. There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between calcium levels and calcium:phosphorus ratio for the variables, but levels of calcium affected (P 0.05) weight and shell percentage, calcium in the shell, lost eggs, consumption of calcium and phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus excretion, and retained calcium and phosphorus. The calcium:phosphorus ratio affected significantly (P 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg mass, calcium and phosphorus intake, phosphorus excretion, and retained phosphorus. Diets containing 4.5% calcium and the calcium:phosphorus ratio of 12,12:1, corresponding to a calcium intake of 3.71 g/hen/day and phosphorus of 306 mg/bird /day, guarantee satisfactory performance in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks.

Resumo Objetivou-se determinar a exigência nutricional de cálcio e a melhor relação cálcio:fósforo em rações para poedeiras leves de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 324 aves Hy-Line W-36, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo três níveis de cálcio (3,9; 4,2 e 4,5 %) e três relações cálcio/fósforo (9,3; 10,53 e 12,12/1), totalizando nove tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade do ovo, as características ósseas, o balanço de cálcio e fósforo e a mortalidade. Não houve interação (P>0,05) entre os níveis de cálcio e as relações cálcio/fósforo para nenhuma das variáveis, porém os níveis de cálcio promoveram efeito (P 0,05) sobre o peso e porcentagem da casca, cálcio na casca, ovos perdidos, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, cálcio e fósforo na excreta, cálcio e fósforo retido. A relação cálcio/fósforo influenciou significativamente (P 0,05) o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo de cálcio e fósforo, fósforo na excreta e fósforo retido. Rações contendo 4,5% de cálcio e relação cálcio:fósforo de 12,12:1, correspondendo ao consumo de cálcio de 3,71 g/ave/dia e de fósforo de 306 mg/ave/dia, garantem desempenho satisfatório em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas.

Sunflower meal and supplementation of an enzyme complex in diets for growing and finishing pigs / Farelo de girassol e suplementação de complexo enzimático em dietas para suínos em crescimento e terminação

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of sunflower meal and an enzyme complex supplement on the performance and carcass parameters in swine from 30 to 100 kg live weight. A total of 96 pigs with average live weight of 32.19 ± 3.27 kg were distributed in a randomized blocks design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (four levels of sunflower meal-SM: 0, 8, 16 and 24%, with or without inclusion of an enzyme complex-EC), factorial arrangement with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The analyzed variables were feed intake (kg), weight gain (kg), feed conversion (kg/kg), backfat thickness (mm), carcass muscularity (kg), hot carcass weight (%), lean meat carcass percentage (%), and lean meat carcass weight (kg). There was no interaction between factors for any of the studied variables. Feed conversion of animals from 30 to 70 kg live weight was improved by the inclusion of EC. This enzyme complex inclusion did not affect carcass characteristics. Increasing levels of SM in the test subject feed diet rations presented a quadratic effect on weight gain and on backfat thickness that reached maximum values in parameters of 7.26% and 8.16%, respectively.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a inclusão de farelo de girassol e a suplementação de complexo enzimático sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos, dos 30 aos 100 kg de peso vivo. Foram utilizados 96 suínos com peso vivo médio de 32,19 ± 3,27 kg distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualiza- dos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de farelo de girassol-FG: 0, 8, 16 e 24% com ou sem inclusão do complexo enzimático-CE), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram: o consumo de ração (kg), o gancho de peso (kg), a conversão alimentar (kg/kg), a espessura de toucinhos (mm), a musculosidade (kg), o peso da carcaça quente (%), a porcentagem de carne magra na carcaça (%), a quantidade de carne magra na carcaça (kg). Na houve interação entre os fatores para nenhuma de variáveis estudadas. A conversão alimentar dos animais dos 30 aos 70 kg de peso foi diminuida pela inclusão do CE, porém não afetou os parâmetros de carcaça. Níveis crescentes de FG na ração apresentaram efeito quadrático sobre o ganho de peso dos animais e sobre a espessura de toucinho, com valores máximos destas variáveis em 7,26% e 8,16% de inclusão do FG, respectivamente

Inclusion of glutamine associated with glutamic acid in the diet of piglets weaned at 21 days of age / Inclusão de glutamina associada com ácido glutâmico na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade

The effects of dietary inclusion levels of the association of glutamine with glutamic acid (AminoGut: AmG) on the performance, gastrointestinal morphophysiology, and diarrhea incidence of piglets weaned at 21 days of age were evaluated. In the experiment, 120 piglets with 6.24 ± 1.00 kg initial weight were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design into five treatments with six replicates of four animals each. The following treatments were applied: negative control diet (0% AmG); 0.5% AmG; 1.0% AmG; 1.5% AmG; positive control diet (0% AmG, 4% inclusion of porcine plasma). The inclusion of 1.0% AmG, as compared to the positive control diet, improved weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The lowest diarrhea score was observed when 1.0% AmG was included, whereas the best villus height and villus:crypt ratio were obtained with the inclusion of 0.82% AmG. Villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio values obtained with 1.0% AmG were similar to those obtained with the positive control diet, except in the period of 21 to 28 days, when the diet with 1.0% AmG promoted higher villus:crypt ratio. The supplementation of 0.5 and 1.0% AmG affected organ weights, and reduced digestive content pH in the pylorus and in the ileum relative to the positive control diet.

Avaliou-se o efeito dos níveis de inclusão da associação de glutamina e ácido glutâmico (AminoGut: AmG) nas rações sobre o desempenho, morfo-fisiologia gastrintestinal e incidência de diarréia de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 120 leitões com peso inicial de 6,24±1,00 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuídos de acordo com o peso, cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro leitões por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: controle negativo (0% AmG); 0,5% AmG; 1,0% AmG; 1,5% AmG; controle positivo (0% AmG, 4% de inclusão de plasma suíno). A inclusão de 1,0% de AmG, quando comparada com a dieta controle positivo, melhorou o ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. O menor índice de diarréia foi observado com 1,0% de AmG. Os melhores resultados de altura de vilosidade intestinal e relação vilosidade:cripta foram obtidos com 0,82% de AmG. Altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta e relação vilo:cripta com 1,0% de AmG foram similares aos obtidos com a dieta controle positivo, no entanto, a relação vilo:cripta foi maior para a dieta 1,0% de AmG no período de 21 a 28 dias. A suplementação de 0,5 e 1,0% de AmG alterou o peso dos órgãos e reduziu o pH da região pilórica e do íleo do intestino delgado em relação ao controle positivo.

Inclusion of glutamine associated with glutamic acid in the diet of piglets weaned at 21 days of age / Inclusão de glutamina associada com ácido glutâmico na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade

The effects of dietary inclusion levels of the association of glutamine with glutamic acid (AminoGut: AmG) on the performance, gastrointestinal morphophysiology, and diarrhea incidence of piglets weaned at 21 days of age were evaluated. In the experiment, 120 piglets with 6.24 ± 1.00 kg initial weight were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design into five treatments with six replicates of four animals each. The following treatments were applied: negative control diet (0% AmG); 0.5% AmG; 1.0% AmG; 1.5% AmG; positive control diet (0% AmG, 4% inclusion of porcine plasma). The inclusion of 1.0% AmG, as compared to the positive control diet, improved weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The lowest diarrhea score was observed when 1.0% AmG was included, whereas the best villus height and villus:crypt ratio were obtained with the inclusion of 0.82% AmG. Villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio values obtained with 1.0% AmG were similar to those obtained with the positive control diet, except in the period of 21 to 28 days, when the diet with 1.0% AmG promoted higher villus:crypt ratio. The supplementation of 0.5 and 1.0% AmG affected organ weights, and reduced digestive content pH in the pylorus and in the ileum relative to the positive control diet.(AU)

Avaliou-se o efeito dos níveis de inclusão da associação de glutamina e ácido glutâmico (AminoGut: AmG) nas rações sobre o desempenho, morfo-fisiologia gastrintestinal e incidência de diarréia de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 120 leitões com peso inicial de 6,24±1,00 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuídos de acordo com o peso, cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro leitões por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: controle negativo (0% AmG); 0,5% AmG; 1,0% AmG; 1,5% AmG; controle positivo (0% AmG, 4% de inclusão de plasma suíno). A inclusão de 1,0% de AmG, quando comparada com a dieta controle positivo, melhorou o ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. O menor índice de diarréia foi observado com 1,0% de AmG. Os melhores resultados de altura de vilosidade intestinal e relação vilosidade:cripta foram obtidos com 0,82% de AmG. Altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta e relação vilo:cripta com 1,0% de AmG foram similares aos obtidos com a dieta controle positivo, no entanto, a relação vilo:cripta foi maior para a dieta 1,0% de AmG no período de 21 a 28 dias. A suplementação de 0,5 e 1,0% de AmG alterou o peso dos órgãos e reduziu o pH da região pilórica e do íleo do intestino delgado em relação ao controle positivo.(AU)