Abdominal Aorta Angiosarcoma after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

Primary tumors originating within the wall of the arteries are rare and they frequently manifest late, making effective treatment a challenge. We describe here a case of Abdominal Aorta AngioSarcoma masqueraded as an infected EndoVascular Aortic Repair. The knowledge of this pathology from vascular surgeons and radiologist is crucial, because a prompt diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis.

The Off-Label Use of a Leg Endoprosthesis for Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm Treatment.

The 10-30% of iliac aneurysms involve the internal iliac arteries (IIAs), and their repair still remains a challenge. The endovascular techniques have become the treatment of choice in relation to the improvement of materials, techniques, and less morbidity/mortality compared with open surgery. Regardless of the use of open or endovascular surgery, the preservation of hypogastric blood flow is strongly recommended in the case of occlusion of the contralateral. We describe a case of the use over the instructions for use (IFU), of the GORE Excluder iliac extension for the total successful endovascular exclusion of a voluminous IIA aneurysm in chronic contralateral occlusion. This use over the IFU is applicable and effective in selected patients.

Acute arterial and deep venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: Risk factors and personalized therapy.

BACKGROUND: The Lombardy region suffered severely during the acute phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Italy (Mar-Apr 2020) with 16,000 diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019-related deaths (49% of the total coronavirus disease 2019-related deaths in Italy). In the area surrounding Pavia during the critical stage of the outbreak (Mar-Apr 2020), 1,225 of the documented 4,200 deaths were related to coronavirus disease 2019 infection, with a mortality rate of 181/100,000 inhabitants and an increase in deaths of 138% compared with the same period during previous years. Our aim was to report the experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy, Italy), including the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of coronavirus disease 2019 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective data collection of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with severe acute ischemia of the lower limbs or deep vein thrombosis, which we observed in our department during the period March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Primary outcomes of the analysis were postoperative mortality for all patients and amputation rates only in those coronavirus disease 2019 patients suffering from acute lower limb ischemia. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of the disease among admitted coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and any possible correlation among inflammatory parameters, thrombolytic status, and the presence of acute ischemia or deep vein thrombosis. RESULTS: We observed 38 patients (28 male) with severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection (6 with lower limb arterial thrombosis and 32 with deep vein thrombosis). The median patient age was 64 years (range 30-94 y). In the arterial group, 3 had thrombosis on plaque and 3 on healthy arteries ("simple" arterial thrombosis). All underwent operative or hybrid (open/endo) revascularization; 1 patient died from major organ failure and 1 patient underwent major amputation. In the deep vein thrombosis group, 9 (28%) patients died from major organ failure, despite aggressive medical therapy. In patients with simple arterial thrombosis and those with deep vein thrombosis, we observed a decrease in inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein) and in D-dimer and fibrinogen after aggressive therapy (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that critically ill, coronavirus disease 2019 patients who develop arterial and deep vein thrombosis have a high risk of mortality, but, if treated properly, there is an improvement in overall survival, especially in patients of 60 years of age or younger.

Contemporary Early and Long-Term Results of Open Repair for Ruptured and Symptomatic Unruptured Infrarenal AAA. Single Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown a reduced short-term mortality and increased long-term survival of EVAR over OR in the treatment of ruptured Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (IAAA). Until now, none of the RCT has gained the result to demonstrate this superiority. Moreover, contemporary reports about results of OR of rIAAA are poor. METHODS: The study is observational and retrospective according to STROBE statement. The patients, unselected and strictly consecutive, were operated in urgency/emergency between 2007 and 2012. All had a preoperative CT angiography. Patients' characteristics, presentation, intraoperative and postoperative details were analyzed to identify factors that can affect the outcome. Considering the small number of events and the exploratory nature of the analyses, only univariate models were fit. RESULTS: One hundred five patients were treated in urgency/emergency setting because of symptomatic. The patients have been divided into two subgroups, based on lesion findings: 75 patients had ruptured IAAA (group A) and 30 patients had unruptured symptomatic IAAA, with CT findings of impending rupture (group B). Intraoperative, perioperative, and in-hospital mortality was respectively 0.9%, 8.6%, and 15.2%, with no difference between the groups. Unique predictors of 30-day mortality were transfusions, major and minor complications. Cumulative follow-up time was 455 person-years. Overall survival was not different between the groups. Predictors of late mortality were: age, creatinine at presentation, adjunctive procedures, length of in-hospital stay, any intraoperative complications, any perioperative complications, any major complication, and postoperative AKI. CONCLUSIONS: An experienced vascular team can achieve very good results in OR of ruptured IAAA, entirely comparable to EVAR. We are still far from a scientifically robust demonstration of the superiority of EVAR over OR in the treatment of ruptured IAAA.

Direct-acting antivirals combination for elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been undertreated among elderly patients. Interferon-free treatment represents an opportunity for these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of directly acting antivirals (DAAs) in CHC elderly patients. METHODS: A Markov model of CHC natural history was built. This study focuses on CHC patients older than 65 years, stratified according to genotype (1/4, 2 and 3), liver fibrosis (METAVIR F1 to F4), age and frailty phenotype (robust, pre-frail and frail). DAAs combination vs no treatment was simulated for each theoretical population, assessing life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in a lifetime time horizon and by the Healthcare System perspective. RESULTS: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio increased with age and frailty status in all fibrosis stages. For robust F3 and F4 patients ICERs remained below the willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP) of 40 000€/QALY up to age 75 and 86 years, respectively, depending on drug price and sustained virological response probability (sensitivity analysis). Notably, in F4 and frail subjects older than 75 years, ICER was more sensitive to non-liver-related mortality rate. In elderly F1 and F2 patients, ICERs were below WTP only up to 77 years old, with wide variability among frailty phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-effectiveness of DAAs treatment of elderly CHC patients is solid in those with advanced fibrosis, but it depends strongly on frailty status and age, particularly in patients with milder fibrosis stages. Accurate assessment of clinical variables, including frailty, is necessary to allocate limited resources to this special population.