ABSTRACT
In order to study the effect of renal disease on urinary estriol clearance rate, we have measured the concentrations of plasma and urinary estriol (E3) in pregnancies of 69 diabetic patients, 25 of whom had nephropathy. No correlation was found between endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr) and estriol clearance (CE3) rates (r = 0.07), and mean CE3 of diabetic patients with diminished CCr (less than 100 ml/min) was not significantly different from that of patients with normal CCr (greater than or equal to 100 ml/min). The ratios between total, unconjugated estriol and urinary estriol concentrations in patients with diminished CCr were not different from those patients with normal CCr. Cases where high plasma estriol and low urinary estriol concentrations coexisted were not found. It is concluded that in this group of diabetic patients, diminished CCr had no discernible effect on urinary CE3 possibly because renal tubular function remained intact. In patients with diabetic nephropathy either urinary or plasma E3 could be used to assess fetoplacental function.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism , Estriol/metabolism , Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism , Creatinine/metabolism , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Estriol/blood , Estriol/urine , Female , Humans , Placental Function Tests , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/complicationsSubject(s)
Erythrocytes , Hemoglobinopathies/diagnosis , Hemolysis , Adult , Blood Cell Count , Erythrocyte Count , Female , Fetal Blood , Globins , Humans , Pregnancy , Reticulocytes , Thalassemia/blood , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis , Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Fluorescence , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/genetics , Humans , Infant , Male , Methods , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Phagocytes/physiology , Pregnancy , Quinacrine , Risk , Staining and Labeling , Superoxides/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Fetal Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Pregnancy in Diabetics/complications , Birth Weight , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Delivery, Obstetric , Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology , Female , Fetal Death/epidemiology , Fetal Death/etiology , Fetal Monitoring , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Insulin/therapeutic use , Labor, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy in Diabetics/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiologyABSTRACT
Continuous ultrasonic observation of needle placement for aspiration, biopsy, or catheter placement is a novel and specific use of phased array imaging. In the case of IUTx, catheter placement into the fetal peritoneal space is accomplished rapidly, with reduced risk of fetal trauma, and without exposure to ionizing radiation. Experience with 27 transfusions in 11 patients is presented.
