ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Only five cases of purely macular hypopigmented mycosis fungoides have been published in the literature. These patients all had clinical evidence of disease 7 months to 10 years prior to histologic diagnosis, suggesting that this clinical presentation of mycosis fungoides is easily misdiagnosed. OBSERVATIONS: Three African-American males, ages 9, 15, and 22 years, were found to have mycosis fungoides on evaluation of skin biopsy specimens after initially being clinically diagnosed with, and treated for, pityriasis alba. All three had typical histopathologic changes and cell marker studies showing a relative loss of the CD7 antigen, which is normally present on the majority of T cells. One patient who was treated with methoxsalen plus UV light (PUVA) therapy had clearance of his disease clinically and histologically. CONCLUSION: From the literature, it would appear that macular hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is exceptionally rare. This perceived rarity may be inaccurate due to either relative underreporting, incorrect diagnoses, or both. From the eight patients now reported to date, it may be said that hypopigmented mycosis fungoides may be seen in nonwhite individuals and more often than not, has onset before age 20 years.
Subject(s)
Hypopigmentation/pathology , Mycosis Fungoides/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Black or African American , Child , Diagnostic Errors , Humans , Hypopigmentation/etiology , Male , Mycosis Fungoides/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complicationsSubject(s)
Propanolamines/chemical synthesis , Propiophenones , Cyclization , Cyclopropanes , Isomerism , PhotochemistryABSTRACT
The repartition of the single reflections in an integrating sphere is discussed using a model sphere where wall and screen are divided into twenty-six zones. The results lead to a simplified model with three zones and three partial luminous fluxes. In this simplified model sphere, the net hold is defined as that part of the volume of the sphere that is hidden by the screen when one looks into the sphere through the sphere window. The optimal place and the optimal size of the screen are determined with assumption of a constant net hold. Then the screen is mainly given by the ratio between the diameter of the net hold and the observation window. Further influences will only slightly affect place and size of the screen.