ABSTRACT
Limited data currently exist on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections in goats in the USA. The objective of this pilot investigation was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Boer goats raised in Missouri. Sera collected from 367 Boer goats in 24 herds were tested using a commercial latex agglutination assay. Evidence of T. gondii antibodies was present in 25 of the 367 goats, with titres of 1 : 32 in 4, 1 : 64 in 11, 1 : 128 in 5, 1 : 256 in 3 and 1 : 1024 in 2. Estimates for the apparent animal-level and between-herd prevalence were 6.8% (95% CI = 4.7-9.9%) and 41.7% (95% CI = 24.5-61.2%). These results confirm that Boer goats in Missouri are exposed to T. gondii and may constitute a public health risks.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Goats/parasitology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Animals , Goat Diseases/parasitology , Missouri/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitologyABSTRACT
Two new modified trichothecenes, 2-deoxy-11-epi-3 alpha-hydroxysambucoin [1] and 2-deoxy-11-epi-12-acetyl-3 alpha-hydroxysambucoin [2], were isolated from Fusarium sporotrichioides culture. This is the first report of modified trichothecenes where the two six-membered rings are cis-fused. Structures were elucidated using gc-ms, nmr, X-ray crystallography, and other spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened for relative cytotoxicity in cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells and found to be non-toxic.
Subject(s)
Fusarium/chemistry , Trichothecenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cricetinae , Crystallography, X-Ray , Cytotoxins/isolation & purification , Cytotoxins/toxicity , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Kidney/cytology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Conformation , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Trichothecenes/toxicity , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
Two new trichothecenes, 8-n-pentanoylneosolaniol and 8-n-hexanoylneosolaniol, were isolated from corn grits cultured with Fusarium sporotrichioides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using gc-ms, nmr, X-ray crystallography, and other spectroscopic techniques. Seven known trichothecenes were also isolated, and the relative cytotoxicity of these nine trichothecenes in cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells was determined.
Subject(s)
Fusarium/chemistry , Mycotoxins/isolation & purification , Trichothecenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Cricetinae , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Mycotoxins/chemistry , Mycotoxins/toxicity , Trichothecenes/chemistry , Trichothecenes/toxicityABSTRACT
Twenty-six trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides (MC-72083) and Fusarium sambucinum were screened for relative cytotoxicity in cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. The relative cytotoxicity was measured as LC100. The most cytotoxic trichothecenes were T-2 toxin (5 ng/ml) and the recently isolated 4-propanoyl HT-2 (5 ng/ml) and 3'-hydroxy T-2 toxin (5 ng/ml). T-2 tetraol (1 x 10(4) ng/ml), 8-beta-hydroxytrichothecene (1 x 10(4) ng/ml), sporotrichiol (2 x 10(4) ng/ml), 8-oxodiacetoxyscirpenol (6 x 10(4) ng/ml) and 8-acetyl T-2 tetraol (1 x 10(5) ng/ml) were the least toxic of the regular trichothecenes. None of the modified trichothecenes or the apotrichothecene were very cytotoxic: 8-beta-hydroxysambucoin (2 x 10(3) ng/ml), FS-1 (5 x 10(3) ng/ml), 8-alpha-hydroxysambucoin (8 x 10(4) ng/ml) and trichotriol (1 x 10(5) ng/ml). The modified trichothecenes, FS-2 and FS-3, were not toxic even at 1 x 10(5) ng/ml. The baby hamster kidney cell bioassay proved to be a very sensitive and reproducible means of screening new trichothecene mycotoxins for relative cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Fusarium , Trichothecenes/toxicity , Animals , Biological Assay , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Reproducibility of Results , Trichothecenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Intranuclear inclusions indicative of adenovirus infection were detected microscopically in formalin-fixed intestinal tissues from preweanling Syrian hamsters. The amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in ileal enterocytes from 16-to 24-day-old hamsters. Electron microscopy revealed large numbers of 72 +/- 3-nm viral particles typical of adenoviridae in enterocytic nuclei. Serum antibodies reacted with mouse adenovirus strains K87 and, to a lesser extent, FL, by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Clinical disease was not associated with the adenoviral infections. Hamsters from 10 production colonies, including all major commercial Syrian hamster suppliers in the United States, were surveyed and all had serologic or histopathologic evidence of adenovirus infection.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Cricetinae , Mesocricetus , Adenoviridae Infections/immunology , Adenoviridae Infections/microbiology , Animals , Ileum/cytology , Ileum/ultrastructure , Inclusion Bodies/ultrastructure , Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
The sensitivities of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests for detection of serum antibodies to Sendai virus were compared. Virus antibody-free, 4-week-old, female Fischer 344 rats were inoculated intranasally with either egg-propagated Sendai virus or a noninfectious egg control preparation. None of the rats became ill clinically or developed pulmonary lesions characteristic of Sendai virus infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the most sensitive of the three tests, particularly in detection of early antibodies to Sendai virus and detection of small amounts of antibody.
