Multicomponent Chiral Quantification with Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Ternary and Quaternary Phase Diagrams of Levetiracetam.

Chiral molecules are challenging for the pharmaceutical industry because although physical properties of the enantiomers are the same in achiral systems, they exhibit different effects in chiral systems, such as the human body. The separation of enantiomers is desired but complex, as enantiomers crystallize most often as racemic compounds. A technique to enable the chiral separation of racemic compounds is to create an asymmetry in the thermodynamic system by generating chiral cocrystal(s) using a chiral coformer and using the solubility differences to enable separation through crystallization from solution. However, such quaternary systems are complex and require analytical methods to quantify different chiral molecules in solution. Here, we develop a new chiral quantification method using ultraviolet-circular dichroism spectroscopy and multivariate partial least squares calibration models, to build multicomponent chiral phase diagrams. Working on the quaternary system of (R)- and (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide enantiomers with (S)-mandelic acid in acetonitrile, we measure accurately the full quaternary phase diagram for the first time. By understanding the phase stabilities of the racemic compound and the enantiospecific cocrystal, the chiral resolution of levetiracetam could be designed due to a large asymmetry in overall solubility between both sides of the racemic composition. This new method offers improvements for chiral molecule quantification in complex multicomponent chiral systems and can be applied to other chiral spectroscopy techniques.

Crystal structure of (S)-5,7-diphenyl-4,7-di-hydro-tetra-zolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.

The title compound, C16H13N5, was synthesized by coupling amino-tetra-zole with chalcone in the presence of an amine organocatalyst derived from chincona alkaloid. There are two mol-ecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit. In mol-ecule A, the dihedral angles between the partly hydrogenated pyrimidine ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.056 Å) and the sp (2)- and sp (3)-bonded phenyl groups are 33.32 (11) and 86.53 (11)°, respectively. The equivalent data for mol-ecule B are 0.049 Å, and 27.05 (10) and 85.27 (11)°, respectively. In the crystal, A+B dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(8) loops. The dimers are linked by aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [shortest centroid-centroid separation = 3.5367 (15) Å], which results in a three-dimensional network.

Crystal structure of 5,7-diphenyl-4,7-di-hydro-tetra-zolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.

In the title mol-ecule, C16H13N5, the plane of the tetra-zole ring forms dihedral angles of 16.37 (7) and 76.59 (7)° with the two phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 68.05 (6)°. The pyrimidine ring is in a flattened boat conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.