ABSTRACT
Simple, selective, sensitive analytical methods have been developed for a number of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) which are applicable to environmental and biological matrices and have been used to quantify nitrosourea anticancer drugs in human plasma. These new chromatographic detection windows can be used to screen suspect matrices for NOC.
Subject(s)
Nitroso Compounds/analysis , Antineoplastic Agents/analysis , Chromatography/methods , Half-Life , Hot Temperature , Humans , Nitrosoguanidines/analysis , Urea , UrethaneABSTRACT
The Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA) has been modified to make it capable of detecting compounds such as N-nitrosamides. This modified TEA(amide) can be used with both gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of underivatized N-nitroso amides by GC-TEA(amide) and HPLC-TEA(amide) are also described.
Subject(s)
Nitroso Compounds/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Differential Thermal Analysis , Environmental Pollutants/analysisSubject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Nitrosamines/analysis , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Humans , Nitrosamines/toxicity , RiskABSTRACT
Under the NIOSH-sponsored contract, a total of 40 surveys were conducted at 28 manufacturing plants. The industries investigated were the fish, dye, leather, rubber and manufacturers and users of cutting fluids. NDELA, NMOR, NDMA and NDPhA were found in the air of several factories. In a chrome tannery, NDMA was identified at levels as high as 47 micrograms/m3 and NMOR was found at 27 micrograms/m3 in a rubber tire plant. This study has resulted in an increased understanding of man's exposure to exogenous N-nitrosamines. It is conceivable, from the information obtained in this study, that nitrosamine exposure comparable to that in the tire and rubber industry exists in other industries not yet surveyed. NIOSH is continuing its research on nitrosamines in the industrial environment. A full, industry-wide report on the 40 plant surveys is being compiled for publication.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Industry , Nitrosamines/analysis , Air/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Government Agencies , Humans , Microclimate , United StatesABSTRACT
The volatile nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and possibly N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) have been found to be present as airborne pollutants in the interiors of new (1979 model) automobiles. In the 38 automobiles tested, the levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.83 micrograms/m3 (average 0.3 micrograms/m3) for NDMA, from 0.07 to 2.5 micrograms/m3 (average 0.67 micrograms/m3) for NMOR, from 0.04 to 0.39 micrograms/m3 (average 0.11 micrograms/m3) for NDEA and trace levels (less than 0.01 micrograms/m3) for NDMA.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Automobiles , Nitrosamines/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , RubberABSTRACT
Airborne N-nitrosomorpholine (0 to 27 micrograms per cubic meter) was found in two of four rubber industry factories. N-Nitrosodimethylamine was also found in two factories, but at lower levels. These findings may be relevant to the reported increased risk of certain types of cancer in rubber workers in some of the same areas where the N-nitrosomorpholine levels were highest.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Nitrosamines/analysis , Occupational Medicine , Rubber , Dimethylnitrosamine/analysis , Environmental Exposure , Humans , Morpholines/analysisABSTRACT
A simple and highly sensitive procedure is described for the recovery and quantitative identification of nanogram quantities of preformed N-nitroso compounds in the whole mouse. This procedure has also been applied to the quantitation of N-nitroso compounds after they have been biosynthesized from trace amounts of precursors. The whole animal is frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized to a frozen powder; the powder is then extracted and analyzed by a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas-liquid and a high-pressure liquid chromatograph.
Subject(s)
Dimethylamines/metabolism , Dimethylnitrosamine/metabolism , Nitrites/metabolism , Nitrosamines/metabolism , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dimethylnitrosamine/analysis , Freezing , Male , Mice , Time FactorsABSTRACT
N-nitrosodiethanolamine has been found to be present at a concentration of 0.02 to 3 percent in several brands of synthetic cutting fluids. Its identity was confirmed by three independent techniques: (i) by measuring the retention times on two different high-performance liquid-chromatography columns, (ii) by dehydration to N-nitrosomorpholine, and (iii) by preparation of the O-methyl ether derivative.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Nitrosamines/analysis , Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects , Ethanolamines/analysis , Humans , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Occupational MedicineABSTRACT
By use of a new, highly selective detection technique for N-nitroso compounds, which is sensitive to picogram quantities and which is based on the catalytic cleavage of the N-NO bond and the subsequent detection of the nitrosyl radical, dimethylnitrosamine has been found in concentrations of 0.02 to 0.96 part per billion in three out of five air samples from Baltimore, Maryland, and 0.014 to 0.051 part per billion in five out of six air samples from Belle, West Virginia. The sensitivity of the analytical procedures used was 1 part in 10(12). The presence of dimethylnitrosamine has been confirmed by using the new detector in conjunction with both a gas-liquid chromatograph and a high-performance liquid chromatograph. In addition, between one and three as yet unidentified N-nitroso compounds were detected in both cities. N-Nitroso compounds were not found in air samples from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wilmington, Delaware; and Waltham, Massachusetts.
