ABSTRACT
Direct correlation between temporal structural fluctuations and electron wind force is demonstrated, for the first time, by STM imaging and analysis of atomically resolved motion on a thin film surface under large applied current (10(5) A/cm2). The magnitude of the momentum transfer between current carriers and the geometrically constrained atoms in the fluctuating structure is at least 5x to 15x (+/-1sigma range) larger than for freely diffusing adatoms. Corresponding changes in surface resistivity will contribute significant fluctuation signature to nanoscale electronic properties.
Subject(s)
Sarcoma, Avian/history , Animals , Chickens , History, 20th Century , Medical Oncology/history , United StatesABSTRACT
There were 191 central venous catheters placed through the subclavian vein in 135 neonates and children over a 20-mo period, providing central venous access for a total of 4525 patient days. There were 132 (69.2%) catheters inserted in patients who were in their first year of life and 60 (31.4%) weighed less than 2.5 kg. The procedure was associated with a low technical complication rate. The greatest potential intermediate or long-term complication was the development of primary catheter sepsis that occurred in 11 (5.8%) of the catheters placed.
Subject(s)
Catheterization , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/methods , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Subclavian Vein , Adolescent , Body Weight , Catheterization/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infections/etiology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
In this paper is reported the first avian tumor that has proved transplantable to other individuals. It is a spindle-celled sarcoma of the hen, which thus far has been propagated into its fourth tumor generation. This was accomplished by the use of fowls of pure blood from the small, intimately related stock in which the growth occurred. Market-bought fowls of similar variety have shown themselves insusceptible, as have fowls of mixed breed, pigeons and guinea-pigs. The percentage of successful transplantations has been small, but in the individuals developing a tumor its growth has been fairly rapid. Young chickens are more susceptible than adults. The reinoculation of negative fowls has never resulted in a growth. Throughout, the sarcoma has remained true to type. It is infiltrative and destructive. Metastasis has been observed once (to the heart). Experiments to determine whether the growth may be transmitted by cell-fragments have not yet been made. Repeated bacteriological examinations have yielded negative results. In its general behavior, so far as tested, this avian tumor closely resembles the typical mammalian neoplasms that are transplantable.
