Angiographic and OCT features of retinal angiomatous proliferation.

BACKGROUND: To propose a classification system for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) on the basis of the indocyanine green angiography (ICG). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 55 eyes of 55 patients presenting with RAP. Fluorescein angiography (FA), ICG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to evaluate the patients. RESULTS: All RAP lesions appeared as occult or minimally classic CNV on FA without clear evidence of pigment epithelium detachment (PED). We were able to identify five different patterns of RAP on the basis of ICG. These were focal (27.2%), irregular (21.8%), circular (21.8%), multifocal (18.2%), and combined (10.9%) hyperfluorescence. The sudden termination of retinal vessel course sign was observed in 14 of 55 eyes (25.4%), which had a circular or irregular pattern on the ICG. Only the circular RAP exhibited a late hypofluorescence ('wash out') with staining of the surrounding tissue on the ICG. Forty eight of 55 eyes (86%) had PED according to the OCT. Out of these 48 eyes, 19 had intraretinal fluid (IRF) alone, and the rest had IRF and subretinal fluid. The eight eyes (14%) without PED belonged to the focal hyperfluorescence group and the fluid was located intraretinally in cystic spaces. In addition, in four eyes (7%) with coexisting CNV a band of tissue beneath the RAP protruding in the PED was observed. CONCLUSION: We propose a classification system for RAP on the basis of ICG and present the angiographic and OCT findings of these lesions. These data may further aid in the early diagnosis of RAP and can be also used for prognosis and clinical course documentation.

Intravitreal ranibizumab in a patient with choroidal neovascularization secondary to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

PURPOSE: To report the effect of a single intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in a patient with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). METHODS: A 65-year-old woman with visual acuity (VA) 20/40, mild vitreous inflammation, optic disc edema, and white deep retinal round lesions in the right eye underwent fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. The diagnosis of MEWDS with peripapillary CNV was made and a single injection of ranibizumab (0.5 mg) was administered. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up visit, the VA in the right eye was 20/20, the CNV completely regressed, and the MEWDS findings disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal ranibizumab appears to be a safe and effective treatment option in cases of CNV secondary to MEWDS, resulting in fast resolution of the macular edema and regression of the CNV. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the administration of ranibizumab contributed to a prompt regression of MEWDS.

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin of choroidal neovascularization in angioid streaks: conventional versus early retreatment.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (PDT) in a series of patients with macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to angioid streaks and to compare it to the effectiveness of early PDT retreatment. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 24 eyes (22 consecutive patients) with subfoveal or juxtafoveal CNV secondary to angioid streaks treated with PDT from September 2000 through February 2003 and that completed at least the first year of follow-up. Until August 2001, retreatments were performed according to the conventional protocol for PDT every 3 months (Group 1, consisting of 11 eyes of 9 patients). After August 2001 (13 more eyes of 13 new patients), retreatments were performed earlier (every 8 weeks) when indicated (Group 2). The follow-up time ranged from 30 to 42 months and from 12 to 30 months in Groups 1 and 2. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, final best-corrected visual acuity decreased in 21 (87.5%), stabilized in 2 (8.3%), and improved in 1 (4.2%) of the total 24 eyes. In all, 19 of the 24 eyes (79.2%) had a final best-corrected visual acuity equal to or less than 20/400. There were not any statistically significant differences in final visual acuity between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this large series of patients with macular CNV secondary to angioid streaks, the functional and the anatomic results of PDT were not satisfactory, even when retreatments were performed earlier than the conventional time of 3 months.

Diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy: treatment with laser photocoagulation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser treatment in eyes with diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE). METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 consecutive patients (78 eyes) with DRPE. All eyes were treated with digital fluorescein angiography guided argon green laser photocoagulation, direct on the focal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leaks and in a grid pattern to the RPE decompensation areas. A processed digital red-free fundus image including all the important traces on it was used as a guide to the laser treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 7 years. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up time, 70 (89.7%) eyes showed anatomic improvement with complete or partial resolution of the macular exudative lesions. Visual acuity of less than 20/40 was noted in 60 eyes (76.9%) preoperatively compared with 46 eyes (59.0%) finally (p=0.0252). The visual acuity was improved in 19 eyes (24.4%), stabilized in 51 (65.4%), and reduced in only 8 eyes (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In this series of patients with DRPE, the results of laser treatment were uniformly satisfactory producing a gradual resolution of the macular exudative lesions and an improvement or stabilization of the visual acuity.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy associated with Doyne's familial choroiditis: treatment with thermal laser.

PURPOSE: To report the unusual occurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a patient with Doyne's familial honeycomb choroiditis (DFHC) and its course after laser treatment. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography guided laser was performed on active polypoidal lesions. RESULTS: A 45-year-old man with a 15-year history of bilateral DFCH and a scarred macular choroidal neovascularization in the right eye (RE) was referred to us with exudative maculopathy in the left eye (LE). His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/800 in the RE and 20/40 in the LE. ICG angiography revealed a picture that was characteristic for PCV in both eyes. ICG guided argon green laser was performed on the active parapapillary and perifoveal polypoidal lesions of the LE. Eight months after the laser photocoagulation treatment, the macular exudative lesions had subsided and the BCVA improved to 20/20. The favorable anatomic and functional results have remained stable over 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a PCV that occurred secondary to DFHC.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration in Greek population.

PURPOSE: To study the prevalence, the clinical features, and the visual prognosis without treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a large series of Greek patients presenting with exudative maculopathy. METHODS: The medical records, photographs,as well as fluorescein and indocyanine green(ICG) angiograms of a series of 268 consecutive elderly white Greek patients, who were originally diagnosed as having exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: In all, 22 of the 268 (8.2%) patients initially suspected of having AMD were ultimately diagnosed with PCV. In 15 of the 22(68.2%) patients with PCV, the polypoidal lesions were located in the peripapillary area. Large soft drusen were present in only two fellow eyes of the 10 (20%) patients with unilateral PCV compared with 120 fellow eyes of the 148 (81.1%) patients with unilateral AMD. At the last examination, 11 of the 22(50%) patients with PCV and 120 of the 246(48.8%) patients with AMD presented a visual acuity of less than 6/60 in at least one eye due to scar formation in the macula. CONCLUSIONS: PCV is not an infrequent disease in Greece. A measurable number of Greek patients with findings suggestive of exudative AMD will instead have PCV. ICG angiography is important in differentiating between these two clinical entities. In Greeks, polypoidal lesions are predominantly peripapillary and are not usually associated with macular drusen in the fellow eye. PCV and exudative AMD do not differ significantly in terms of their natural course and visual prognosis in Greek patients.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy associated with Doynes familial choroiditis: treatment with thermal laser.

PURPOSE: To report the unusual occurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a patient with Doynes familial honeycomb choroiditis (DFHC) and its course after laser treatment. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography guided laser was performed on active polypoidal lesions. RESULTS: A 45-year-old man with a 15-year history of bilateral DFCH and a scarred macular choroidal neovascularization in the right eye (RE) was referred to us with exudative maculopathy in the left eye (LE). His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/800 in the RE and 20/40 in the LE. ICG angiography revealed a picture that was characteristic for PCV in both eyes. ICG guided argon green laser was performed on the active parapapillary and perifoveal polypoidal lesions of the LE. Eight months after the laser photocoagulation treatment, the macular exudative lesions had subsided and the BCVA improved to 20/20. The favorable anatomic and functional results have remained stable over 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a PCV that occurred secondary to DFHC. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2004; 14: 264-8).

Lacquer crack formation after photodynamic therapy.

PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of a lacquer crack after photodynamic therapy (PDT) of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a patient with pathologic myopia. METHODS: PDT was performed with verteporfin, which was activated by a diode laser light at 690 nm. RESULTS: The left eye of a 42-year-old woman was treated with PDT because of juxtafoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia. No lacquer crack was present in the macula on either fluorescein or indocyanine green angiography before treatment. The CNV subsided after treatment. However, a large lacquer crack underlying a subretinal hemorrhage was formatted in the macula of the treated eye soon after PDT. CONCLUSIONS: Although the chorioretinal damage produced by PDT is minimal, it is enough to create, directly or indirectly, the basis for the formation of a lacquer crack in an eye with pathologic myopia.