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1.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 30(2): 113-7, 1997.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9148333

ABSTRACT

The patients were 173, aged 10 to 70 years old. An Elisa II test was undertaken and 61 to 173 (35.3%) had positive test; when INNO-LIA test was made, soropositivity was 26% (44/173). Patients with anti-VHC antibodies have been kept on hemodialysis treatment for periods longer than negatives (p < 0.05). Neither drugs users, blood transfusions, sexual and aminotransferase activity were significantly correlated with the infection. There is an elevated prevalence of anti-VHC antibodies among chronic hemodialysis patients which seems to be related to the time that patients are on dialysis treatment.


Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Renal Dialysis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Transfusion , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
2.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 53(6): 654-5, 1995 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8561271

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) was investigated in 1,378 central Brazilian children, students, and street youths (homeless adolescents without family links or adolescents working in poorly paid activities). Sera were tested with a second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive samples were retested by a confirmatory assay (line immunoassay). All children attending day care centers were anti-HCV negative. Only one (0.2%) adolescent was positive in the student group. However, higher positivity was found in street youths; four (1.0%) living at home and three (3.0%) living in the streets and anti-HCV antibodies. Among these, the prevalence of anti-HCV increased significantly with age from 0% in the 9-12-year-old group to 6.9% in the 17-20-year-old group. Risk factors including blood transfusion, tattooing, intravenous drug use, and sexual intercourse with multiple partners were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HCV in street youths. These results indicate that apparently healthy children and adolescents attending day care centers or primary schools in central Brazil have a low exposure to HCV infection, but street youths in the same area are at risk for infection with this virus.


Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/analysis , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Homeless Youth/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hepatitis C/immunology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 37(1): 75-9, jan.-fev. 1995. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-154337

ABSTRACT

Aproxidamente 400 pacientes de hemodialise tratados em 5 diferentes unidades no Rio de Janeiro foram acompanhados durante 1 ano para presenca de marcadores virais de hepatite B e C. Durante o mesmo periodo, amostras foram tambem de 35 pacientes ambulatoriais de dialise peritonial continua (CAPD) e de 242 funcionarios das unidades. Dependendo da unidade em estudo foram detectadas prevalencias de anti-HCV variando de 47 por cento a 82 por cento (media 65 por cento ). Pacientes de prevalencia de anti-HCV em funcionarios foi de 2,9 por cento . Observamos uma taxa de ataque de hepatite C de 11,5 por cento por ano na populacao paciente de hemodialise anti-HCV negativo. Uma media de 9,4 por cento de pacientes de hemodialise eram portadores cronicos do virus da hepatite B (VHB) (taxa de 1.8 por cento a 20.4 por cento ), enquanto 48.9 por cento apresentaram marcadores de infeccao passada de HBV. A taxa de ataque de HBV foi de 4.5 por cento por ano (taxa de 0 por cento a 6 por cento ). Esses resultados indicam uma alarmante prevalencia alta anti-HCV em pacientes de hemodialise dessa regiao estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/transmission , Brazil , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Risk Factors
5.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 37(1): 75-9, 1995.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7569645

ABSTRACT

Nearly 400 hemodialysis patients treated at 5 different hemodialysis units in Rio de Janeiro were tested for one year for the presence of hepatitis C and B markers. During the same period, samples were also obtained from 35 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and from 242 health care workers. Depending on the hemodialysis unit studied, anti-HCV prevalence rates ranging from 47% to 82% (mean 65%) were detected. CAPD patients showed a lower prevalence of 17%. The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among health care workers was 2.9%. We observed a hepatitis C attack rate of 11.5% per year in the anti-HCV-negative hemodialysis patient population. An average of 9.4% of the hemodialysis patients were chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (range 1.8% - 20.4%), while 48.9% showed markers of previous HBV infection. The HBV attack rate was 4.5% per year (range 0% - 6%). These results indicate an alarming high prevalence of anti-HCV among hemodialysis patients of this studied region.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Renal Dialysis , Brazil/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Humans , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Prevalence , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 36(6): 501-6, nov.-dez 1994. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-154302

ABSTRACT

Ainda sao raros os casos de infeccao por hepatite C (HCV)na regiao central do Brasil. Neste estudo, 2.350 doadores voluntarios de sangue foram avaliados, resultando em prevalencias para o anti-HCV de 2,2 (por cento), pelo ELISA de segunda geracao, e de 1,4 por cento, apos o ensaio confirmatorio "line immunoassay". Anticorpos contra os antigenos "core", NS4 e NS5 do HCV foi observada em 76,6 (por cento) dos doadores anti-HCV positivos. A positividade da reacao em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) mostrou-se relacionada a reatividade aos diferentes antigenos do HCV no "line immunoassay". A maioria dos doadores positivos tiveram historia previa de exposicao parenteral. A combinacao de ALT>50 UI/1 e positividade ao anti-HBc parece nao ser eficaz como marcadores indiretos para a infeccao pelo HCV, entretanto a dosagem do ALT e a deteccao de anti-HCV sao indicadas na triagem de doadores de sangue brasileiros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Blood Donors , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors
8.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 36(6): 501-6, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7569623

ABSTRACT

Data concerning HCV infection in Central Brazil are rare. Upon testing 2,350 voluntary blood donors from this region, we found anti-HCV prevalence rates of 2.2% by a second generation ELISA and 1.4% after confirmation by a line immunoassay. Antibodies against core, NS4, and NS5 antigens of HCV were detected in 81.8%, 72.7%, and 57.5%, respectively, of the positive samples in the line immunoassay. HCV viremia was present in 76.6% of the anti-HCV-positive blood donors. A relation was observed between PCR positivity and serum reactivity in recognizing different HCV antigens in the line immunoassay. The majority of the positive donors had history of previous parenteral exposure. While the combination of ALT > 50 IU/l and anti-HBc positivity do not appear to be good surrogate markers for HCV infection, the use of both ALT anti-HCV tests is indicated in the screening of Brazilian blood donors.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Female , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis C/transmission , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Transfusion Reaction
10.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 35(4): 315-21, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7509506

ABSTRACT

Two groups of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) maintenance were evaluated for their antibody response to non-structural c100/3 protein and structural core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Forty-six patients (Group 1) never presented liver abnormalities during HD treatment, while 52 patients (Group 2) had either current or prior liver enzyme elevations. Prevalence rates of 32.6% and 41.3% were found for anti-c100/3 and anti-HCV core antibodies, respectively, in patients with silent infections (Group 1). The rate of anti-c100/3 in patients of Group 2 was 71.15% and reached 86.5% for anti-HCV core antibodies. The recognition of anti-c100/3 and anti-core antibodies was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. A line immunoassay composed of structural and non-structural peptides was used as a confirmation assay. HBV infection, measured by the presence of anti-HBc antibodies, was observed in 39.8% of the patients. Six were HBsAg chronic carriers and 13 had naturally acquired anti-HBs antibodies. The duration of HD treatment was correlated with anti-HCV positivity. A high prevalence of 96.7% (Group 2) was found in patients who underwent more than 5 years of treatment. Our results suggest that anti-HCV core ELISA is more accurate for detecting HCV infection than anti-c100/3. Although the risk associated with the duration of HD treatment and blood transfusion was high, additional factors such as a significant non-transfusional spread of HCV seems to play a role as well. The identification of infective patients by more sensitive methods for HCV genome detection should help to control the transmission of HCV in the unit under study.


Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Viral Proteins/immunology , Adult , Aged , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Female , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Transfusion Reaction , Viral Core Proteins/immunology
11.
Vox Sang ; 65(2): 122-5, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7692672

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in 2,557 asymptomatic volunteer Brazilian blood donors is reported. Using the line immunoassay (Inno-LIA) as a confirmatory test on ELISA anti-HCV-positive reacting sera, a prevalence rate of 2.7% for anti-HCV positivity was found. By comparison, prevalences of 1.6% for hepatitis B surface antigen, 0.9% for Treponema pallidum, 0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus and 0.04% for Trypanosoma cruzi were observed. Only 57% of the HCV-positive donors had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Using previous criteria, based on surrogate markers (ALT > or = 50 IU/l and for anti-hepatitis B core antibody), for HCV infection at that time, only 25% of the HCV-positive donations would have been eliminated. In view of the high prevalence of anti-HCV reactivity among the Brazilian blood donor population and the poor reliability of surrogate markers, it is recommended that routine screening for anti-HCV in Brazilian blood donors is introduced.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Humans , Immunoassay , Male , Prevalence , Serologic Tests
12.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 25(11): 1131-5, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1285268

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non A-non B hepatitis and is classified within the Flaviviridae family. Due to a high prevalence of anti-HCV and other flaviviruses circulating in Brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. Different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infected with yellow fever and from 94 adults vaccinated against the 17D strain of yellow fever were tested against HCV antigens used in diagnostic assays. Two enzyme immunoassay systems were tested: one, an in-house test using recombinant antigens from core, NS3 and NS5 regions of the HCV genome (Research Foundation for Microbial Disease of Osaka University, Japan); and another, using synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of structural core and non-structural NS4 and NS5 HCV regions (INNOTEST HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium). A line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium) was used as a confirmatory test. In this, HCV antigens are coated as discrete lines on a nylon strip with plastic backing. Besides 4 control lines on each strip, a total of 6 HCV lines are present: line A consists of several NS4 epitopes, line B consists of several NS5 epitopes and lines C-F contain several core epitopes. This test not only confirms but differentiates antibodies to hepatitis C virus. No positive results were detected with these tests, indicating that hepatitis C infection can be evaluated by current assays in regions where flaviviruses are endemic.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Yellow fever virus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Cross Reactions , Dengue/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , False Positive Reactions , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis Antibodies/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Yellow Fever/diagnosis
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 25(11): 1131-5, 1992. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-134610

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non A-non B hepatitis and is classified within the Flaviviridae family. Due to a high prevalence of anti-HCV and other flaviviruses circulating in Brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. Different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infected with yellow fever and from 94 adults vaccinated against the 17D strain of yellow fever were tested against HCV antigens used in diagnostic assays. Two enzyme immunoassay systems were tested: one, an in-house test using recombinant antigens from core, NS3 and NS5 regions of the HCV genome (Research Foundation for Microbial Disease of Osaka University, Japan); and another, using synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of structural core and non-structural NS4 and NS5 HCV regions (INNOTEST HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium). A line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HCV Ab, Innogenetics, Belgium) was used as a confirmatory test. In this, HCV antigens are coated as discrete lines on a nylon strip with plastic backing. Besides 4 control lines on each strip, a total of 6 HCV lines are present: line A consists of several NS4 epitopes, line B consists of several NS5 epitopes and lines C-F contain several core epitopes. This test not only confirms but differentiates antibodies to hepatitis C virus. No positive results were detected with these tests, indicating that hepatitis C infection can be evaluated by current assays in regions where flaviviruses are endemic


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Yellow fever virus/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Cross Reactions , Diagnosis, Differential , Dengue/diagnosis , False Positive Reactions , Hepatitis Antibodies/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Yellow Fever/diagnosis
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