ABSTRACT
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a target for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. It has been shown that antibodies against PSMA inhibited the in vivo growth of LNCaP tumor. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies against four epitopes in PSMA were raised. MAb 24.4E6 (IgG1), specific for the epitope (residues 638-657) in PSMA, significantly reduced the growth rate of established LNCaP tumor in SCID mice. Mouse IgG was detected in the tumor of mice treated with 24.4E6, but not with an unrelated MAb. These results suggest that this epitope may be the main target in PSMA for antibody therapy of prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Epitopes/immunology , Immunotherapy , Prostate-Specific Antigen/immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Mice , Mice, SCID , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
A variety of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines are produced during the cooking of meat at high temperatures. These carcinogens are metabolized by N-acetyltransferases (NAT), which are polymorphic in the population. This study examined associations between prostate cancer (PCa) and the consumption of different kinds of meat, heterocyclic amine intake and NAT genotypes. PCa patients and controls were recruited in the Syracuse, NY area. Levels of meat and heterocyclic amine intakes were determined from validated surveys and NAT genotypes were determined by the sequences of PCR-amplified DNA from buccal swabs. A total of 152 cases and 161 controls were eligible for analysis. There was an association between PCa and history of PCa in the first-degree blood relatives (OR = 4.59, 95% CI 2.21-9.70), and family history of bladder cancer (P < 0.02). However, there was no association with the history of other cancers. There was no association between PCa and either 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) intake, or NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes. However, there was a trend of association with MeIQx and with rapid NAT2 and NAT1*10 in combination with PhIP. A new NAT1 allele with a frequency of one out of 544 chromosomes was found in the Caucasian subjects.
Subject(s)
Amines/metabolism , Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/pharmacology , Case-Control Studies , Cooking , Diet , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pedigree , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Carcinoma of the cecum, the third most common location for malignancy of the large bowel, was examined with attention centered upon cecal cancers producing obstruction. Reviewing 136 patients revealed 11 obstructing lesions (8.1%) presenting as distal small bowel obstructions. The mean age of the patients was 74 years. All but one patient had resection for cure which consisted of a right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse colostomy. There was no operative mortality or significant morbidity. Bowel obstruction due to cecal carcinoma is an infrequent occurrence arising in elderly patients and carries a poor survival rate due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Cecal Neoplasms/surgery , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cecal Neoplasms/complications , Cecal Neoplasms/mortality , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Obstruction/mortality , Male , Survival RateABSTRACT
Morbid obesity is a significant health problem in the United States today. This has resulted in an intensive investigation into temporary interventions for weight control. Dental splinting does not result in long-term weight loss because patients rapidly regain weight following release of jaw fixation. The Garren-Edwards intragastric bubble was equally ineffective in achieving weight loss and was fraught with numerous complications.
Subject(s)
Obesity, Morbid/therapy , Periodontal Prosthesis , Periodontal Splints , Prostheses and Implants , Animals , Appetite Regulation , Female , Gastric Emptying , Humans , Male , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Periodontal Prosthesis/adverse effects , Periodontal Splints/adverse effects , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Stomach/physiopathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Of 51 patients with major blunt hepatic trauma treated at a Level I trauma center, 29 patients (56.8%) survived. Nine of the 51 patients required insertion of the atrial caval shunt, as indicated by uncontrollable hemorrhage due to disruption of the perihepatic veins. Eight of these nine patients sustained injury to the hepatic veins or the retrohepatic vena cava. Of the eight patients with hepatic vascular injury, four (50.0%) were long-term survivors. In hepatic trauma patients with suspected hepatic vascular injury, aggressive use of the shunt can control hemorrhage before the onset of coagulopathy or hypothermia.
Subject(s)
Hepatic Veins/injuries , Liver/injuries , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Accidents, Traffic , Adult , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/prevention & control , Female , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Humans , Hypothermia/prevention & control , Male , Trauma Centers/methods , Venae Cavae/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complicationsABSTRACT
The occurrence of endometrioma in cesarean scar is an infrequent event usually presenting as a tender abdominal wall mass. Two cases are reported here. Diagnosis is suggested when the symptoms are cyclic and associated with the patient's menstrual cycle, but this is not always the case. Surgical excision is the method of choice for diagnosing and ultimately treating the lesion.
