ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a disease characterized by the presence of mental and somatic symptoms, the latter affecting considerably the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the prognosis. METHOD: We searched for published articles until June 2006 crossing several terms which allow us to include those articles referring to the comorbidity of major depression and somatic symptoms, the prevalence of that comorbidity in Latino Americans, and/or the impact and patterns of use of the antidepressant treatments in patients with major depression and associated somatic symptoms. RESULTS: Somatic symptoms in Latino Americans with major depression are common, probably more than in other populations around the world. They compromise the response to treatment, are associated with refractoriness and chronicity, and are usually denied in the psychiatry practice in some Latin American countries, where the practice in prescribing low doses of antidepressants is common and could affect the control of residual somatic symptoms with higher rates of recurrences. CONCLUSION: Clinicians working in Latin American countries must be prepared to detect somatic symptoms in their patients with major depression, looking for the prescription of appropriate therapeutic doses of the antidepressants.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Somatoform Disorders/epidemiology , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy , Humans , Latin America/ethnology , Prevalence , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/drug therapy , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: La depresión mayor es una enfermedad caracterizada por la presencia tanto de síntomas mentales como somáticos, los cuales afectan en forma significativa los procesos diagnósticos y terapéuticos así como el pronóstico. MÉTODO: Usamos una búsqueda de artículos publicados hasta Junio 2006 cruzando términos que nos permitieran incluir artículos que hiciesen referencia a la comorbilidad entre depresión mayor y síntomas somáticos, a la prevalencia de dicha comorbilidad en Latinoamericanos y/o al impacto y el patrón de uso de antidepresivos en pacientes con depresión mayor y síntomas somáticos asociados. RESULTADOS: Los síntomas somáticos en Latinoamericanos con depresión mayor son frecuentes, probablemente más que en otras poblaciones, afectan significativamente la respuesta al tratamiento, se asocian a mayor refractariedad y cronicidad y no siempre son tenidos en cuenta en la práctica psiquiátrica de algunos países Latinoamericanos, donde la práctica usual de prescribir dosis bajas de antidepresivos podría comprometer el control de los síntomas somáticos residuales y asociarse a mayores tasas de recurrencias. CONCLUSION: Los clínicos que laboran en Latinoamérica deben ser acuciosos en la detección de los síntomas somáticos de sus pacientes con depresión mayor y siempre procurar la prescripción de dosis terapéuticas del antidepresivo de su selección.
OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a disease characterized by the presence of mental and somatic symptoms, the latter affecting considerably the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the prognosis. METHOD: We searched for published articles until June 2006 crossing several terms which allow us to include those articles referring to the comorbidity of major depression and somatic symptoms, the prevalence of that comorbidity in Latino Americans, and/or the impact and patterns of use of the antidepressant treatments in patients with major depression and associated somatic symptoms. RESULTS: Somatic symptoms in Latino Americans with major depression are common, probably more than in other populations around the world. They compromise the response to treatment, are associated with refractoriness and chronicity, and are usually denied in the psychiatry practice in some Latin American countries, where the practice in prescribing low doses of antidepressants is common and could affect the control of residual somatic symptoms with higher rates of recurrences. CONCLUSION: Clinicians working in Latin American countries must be prepared to detect somatic symptoms in their patients with major depression, looking for the prescription of appropriate therapeutic doses of the antidepressants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Somatoform Disorders/epidemiology , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy , Latin America/ethnology , Prevalence , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/drug therapy , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Data from a published double-blind randomized trial comparing olanzapine versus haloperidol in acute mania were used to address the response and tolerability of Latin American patients. Primary efficacy end point was the remission rate (Young Mania Rating Scale score Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy
, Hispanic or Latino/psychology
, White People/psychology
, Acute Disease
, Aged
, Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage
, Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects
, Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
, Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage
, Benzodiazepines/adverse effects
, Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use
, Bipolar Disorder/ethnology
, Bipolar Disorder/psychology
, Cholesterol/blood
, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, Double-Blind Method
, Fasting/blood
, Female
, Haloperidol/administration & dosage
, Haloperidol/adverse effects
, Haloperidol/therapeutic use
, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
, Humans
, Male
, Middle Aged
, Olanzapine
, Remission Induction
, Time Factors
, Treatment Outcome
, Weight Gain/drug effects
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Functional status and quality of life outcomes in Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia were compared after 12 months of monotherapy treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotics. METHOD: Both outcomes were assessed as part of a prospective, large (N= 7658), international (27 countries), observational study. RESULTS: from the Latin American subpopulation (N= 2671; 11 countries) are presented. Compared to typical antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) greater odds of employment and social activity, and significantly greater improvements in quality of life. Olanzapine was also associated with significantly greater odds of living independently, compared to typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that functional status and quality of life outcomes are likely to be more favorable when Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia are treated with olanzapine or risperidone monotherapy, rather than typical antipsychotics.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Clozapine/therapeutic use , Health Status , Quality of Life , Risperidone/therapeutic use , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Adult , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , OlanzapineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Functional status and quality of life outcomes in Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia were compared after 12 months of monotherapy treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotics. METHOD: Both outcomes were assessed as part of a prospective, large (N= 7658), international (27 countries), observational study. RESULTS: from the Latin American subpopulation (N= 2671; 11 countries) are presented. Compared to typical antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) greater odds of employment and social activity, and significantly greater improvements in quality of life. Olanzapine was also associated with significantly greater odds of living independently, compared to typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that functional status and quality of life outcomes are likely to be more favorable when Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia are treated with olanzapine or risperidone monotherapy, rather than typical antipsychotics.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Functional status and quality of life outcomes in Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia were compared after 12 months of monotherapy treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotics. METHOD: Both outcomes were assessed as part of a prospective, large (N= 7658), international (27 countries), observational study. RESULTS: from the Latin American subpopulation (N= 2671; 11 countries) are presented. Compared to typical antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) greater odds of employment and social activity, and significantly greater improvements in quality of life. Olanzapine was also associated with significantly greater odds of living independently, compared to typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that functional status and quality of life outcomes are likely to be more favorable when Latin American outpatients with schizophrenia are treated with olanzapine or risperidone monotherapy, rather than typical antipsychotics.
ABSTRACT
También se lo puede definir como una deficiencia crónica de esta hormona o a una resistencia por parte de los tejidos de su acción metabólica. Pese al descubrimiento de la insulina y de otros fármacos, podemos decir que, desde la brillante observación semiológica de los médicos griegos hasta el presente, la DM sigue siendo un azote para la humanidad. En los paises desarrollados, el 0,2 por ciento de la población infantil, el 6 por ciento de los adultos y hasta el 10 por ciento de los ancianos, padecen la enfermedad. Es ampliamente aceptada la clasificación de la DM en tipo I (insulina-dependiente) que afecta al 10 por ciento de la población, con predominio de la juvenil, y tipo II (insulina no dependiente) que abarca el 90 por ciento restante. En la primera variedad, la secreción de insulina por los islotes de Langerhans del páncreas es mínima o ausente, con niveles elevados de glucemia y pérdida de grasa y de masa muscular. Ambas formas son igualmente devastadoras a largo plazo ya que el paciente con DM tiene 25 veces más posibilidades de ceguera, 20 veces, de insuficiencia renal, 20 veces de riesgo de amputación de una pierna y alrededor de 5 veces más, de enfermedad coronaria respecto de un sujeto normal. Quienes padecen el tipo I tienen un 50 por ciento de riesgo de morir en la quinta década de su vida
Subject(s)
Humans , Mice , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Free Radicals/metabolismABSTRACT
También se lo puede definir como una deficiencia crónica de esta hormona o a una resistencia por parte de los tejidos de su acción metabólica. Pese al descubrimiento de la insulina y de otros fármacos, podemos decir que, desde la brillante observación semiológica de los médicos griegos hasta el presente, la DM sigue siendo un azote para la humanidad. En los paises desarrollados, el 0,2 por ciento de la población infantil, el 6 por ciento de los adultos y hasta el 10 por ciento de los ancianos, padecen la enfermedad. Es ampliamente aceptada la clasificación de la DM en tipo I (insulina-dependiente) que afecta al 10 por ciento de la población, con predominio de la juvenil, y tipo II (insulina no dependiente) que abarca el 90 por ciento restante. En la primera variedad, la secreción de insulina por los islotes de Langerhans del páncreas es mínima o ausente, con niveles elevados de glucemia y pérdida de grasa y de masa muscular. Ambas formas son igualmente devastadoras a largo plazo ya que el paciente con DM tiene 25 veces más posibilidades de ceguera, 20 veces, de insuficiencia renal, 20 veces de riesgo de amputación de una pierna y alrededor de 5 veces más, de enfermedad coronaria respecto de un sujeto normal. Quienes padecen el tipo I tienen un 50 por ciento de riesgo de morir en la quinta década de su vida (AU)