Subject(s)
Barotrauma , Diving/adverse effects , Otolithic Membrane/injuries , Barotrauma/etiology , Barotrauma/therapy , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
There are various forms of medical treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. One of these is a four week course of an antibiotic. A trial was carried out comparing cotrimoxazole with amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate in 102 cases with 181 affected ears. In addition this trial used various procedures to increase and monitor compliance, and the results showed that the compliant cases did much better than the noncompliant cases and cotrimoxazole was more effective than amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate. When the ethnic groupings were analysed the compliance was lower for the Maori (24%) and Pacific Islander (29%) than the European (49%). The success rate for the compliant cases whose middle ear effusion resolved in one or both ears had a similar result with Maori (40%), Pacific Islander (60%) and European (71%) probably indicating an increased nonmeasured compliance in the latter.
Subject(s)
Otitis Media with Effusion/drug therapy , Patient Compliance , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Age Factors , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/urine , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Clavulanic Acids/therapeutic use , Clavulanic Acids/urine , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , New Zealand , Otitis Media with Effusion/ethnology , Otitis Media with Effusion/urine , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/urineSubject(s)
Etretinate/therapeutic use , Olfaction Disorders/drug therapy , Aged , Etretinate/adverse effects , Female , HumansABSTRACT
One thousand and one disorders of the ear, nose and sinuses in 650 SCUBA divers were analysed for anatomical distribution and causation. The outer, middle and inner ears made up 64.6% with a surprising 23.9% being related to the lower jaw, its teeth, attached muscles and the temporo-mandibular joint. Of the remaining, 3.1% were related to the nose, 6.6% to the sinuses and there was a miscellaneous group of 1.8%. Most outer ear infections seemed to be self-inflicted whilst the middle ear conditions were due to dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. The middle ear conditions were prevented by reducing nasal congestion as by cauterising the inferior turbinates of the nose, or by giving counselling in the technique of clearing the ears. Apart from Eustachian tube dysfunction in some, there is no clear lead as to causation of the inner ear complaints. Nasal treatment also relieves blockage of the ostia of the sinuses and thus sinus barotrauma. Overall the commonest preventable cause appears to be nasal congestion due to a variable mixture of infective or vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, unilateral hypertrophy and a deviated nasal septum.
Subject(s)
Diving/adverse effects , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology , Adult , Athletic Injuries/etiology , Barotrauma/etiology , Ear, Middle/injuries , Epistaxis/etiology , Female , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Otitis Externa/etiology , Otitis Media/etiology , Sinusitis/etiology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/etiology , Vertigo/etiologySubject(s)
Diving/adverse effects , Emergencies , Sports Medicine , Deafness/etiology , Ear, Middle/injuries , Rupture/etiologyABSTRACT
As one of the causes of persistence of otitis media with effusion is reputed to be the viscidity of the mucoid effusion in the middle ear, a double-blind drug trial with a mucolytic agent, bromhexine hydrochloride, was carried out. There were 97 affected ears in the active group and 98 ears in the placebo group. There was 3.6 times the resolution rate in the active group and the results were not related to the size of the adenoids nor the season. This study shows that bromhexine hydrochloride is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of otitis media with effusion.
Subject(s)
Bromhexine/therapeutic use , Otitis Media/drug therapy , Adenoids/anatomy & histology , Adolescent , Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Expectorants/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Otitis Media with Effusion/drug therapy , SeasonsABSTRACT
Various infective and non-infective conditions of the ear which arise from participation in Swimming are outlined. The etiology of these conditions is reviewed, the most appropriate treatment are discussed and preventative measures against incurrence or recurrence are presented.
Subject(s)
Ear Diseases , Sports Medicine , Swimming , Cerumen/physiology , Ear , Ear Diseases/etiology , Ear Diseases/therapy , Exostoses/etiology , Exostoses/therapy , Humans , Otitis Externa/etiology , Otitis Externa/therapy , Otitis Media/etiology , Otitis Media/prevention & control , PainABSTRACT
This random controlled study was undertaken to determine the extent to which nonsurgical treatment can control otitis media with effusion (OME); and if surgical treatment is indicated, and myringotomy, removal of middle ear liquid with insertion of aeration tubes is carried out, and whether removal of the adenoids produces any beneficial effect. A preparatory two-month nonsurgical treatment consisting of measures to improve the functional state of the nose was undertaken to eliminate from the study those children (42%) who would respond to medical treatment alone. The cure rate was similar in each of the operation groups with a greater relapse rate in the nonadenoidectomy groups who required 9% more aeration tube insertions. An estimation from x-rays of the size of the adenoids, shows that the group cured without surgery has a tendency towards the smaller adneoids. The relapse rate in the nonadenoidectomy group was independent of the size of the adenoids, and the study failed to show that any benefit accrued though adenoidectomy. Accordingly, the removal of adenoids should cease to be indicated in cases of OME as a primary form of treatment.
