Serious stair injuries can be prevented by improved stair design.

An estimated 2.5 million injuries, and a further 4000 deaths in the UK in 1995 were due to home accidents. About 230,000 of these injuries and 497 deaths resulted from falls on stairs. When exposure is taken into account, stairs are one of the most hazardous locations in buildings. Of these falls, those where the person falls forward are most likely to cause severe injuries. One aspect of stair design, the "going" (the horizontal distance between two consecutive nosings) can be changed to decrease the potential number of serious trip accidents. Builders should therefore be encouraged to build stairs with larger goings.

Initial assessment of children's ability to climb stair guarding.

This study examined the ability of children aged between four and six years to climb stair guarding set at the minimum height for domestic handrails recommended in the guidance given in Approved Document K that supports the Building Regulations in England and Wales. The purpose was to assess the adequacy of such safety guidance. Simulated guarding was set up at an indoor play centre and behaviours examined in two groups of children. Observations were made during free play and during solicited climbing. Results indicate that the majority of children aged between four and six years can climb onto or over stair guarding unassisted. Younger children are influenced and frequently abetted by their elders in climbing, behaviour which may be replicated in the home environment. Three distinct climbing strategies are observed: the body hoisted in a semi-prone position onto the top of the guarding; the body lifted by arms above the height of the guarding enabling a kneeling position on the top of the guarding; and, the knee bent against the side of the guarding to gain the added height required to make the climb. It was noted that older or taller children tend to rely on height, leg length or each whilst climbing whereas younger children appear to depend more on strength. A re-examination of safety guidance in relation to barrier climbability by children is recommended, and has started at BRE.