ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological information on age-related cardiovascular disease in people with intellectual disability (ID) is scarce and inconclusive. We compared prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction over age 50 in a residential population with ID to that in a general practice population. METHOD: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, based on medical records of 510 persons with ID and 823 general practice patients, aged 50 years and over. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalences after age 50 were similar in both populations: 5.7% (95% CI 4.0-8.1%) in persons with ID and 4.4% (95% CI 3.1-6.0%) in the general population (Pearson chi-square 1.17, P = 0.279). Incidence per gender was similar between cohorts (men P = 0.86, women P = 0.36). There was no difference in incidence rates between the ID and control groups [relative risk = 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.4)]. CONCLUSION: Prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in ageing persons with ID do not appear different from those in the general population. It has to be taken into account that underdiagnosis and selection bias towards a more disabled group may have lead to underestimation of age-related cardiovascular morbidity, and the higher age and underrepresentation of Down syndrome to overestimation.
Subject(s)
Down Syndrome/epidemiology , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Stroke/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Incidence , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Yet another facet of factor indeterminacy rears its ugly head: Factor rotation algorithms do not generally find the best solutions of which they are capable. But when enriched with the capacity to conduct repeated searches from random starting positions, a rotation algorithm's propensity to converge to optima that are merely local can be fashioned into a seine for catching interpretively provocative rotations of the input factors that might otherwise elude discovery.
ABSTRACT
Want to rotate the latent variables you have found by some method of factor extraction to oblique simple structure while leaving invariant selected axes or subspaces in your initial solution? Here's how.
ABSTRACT
There are many procedural alternatives by which subjective rotation to oblique simple structure can be emulated analytically, some rather more effective than others. This article develops a theoretical framework for comprehending these, and reports performance tests for some major variants thereof when implemented within the HYBALL rotation program described elsewhere.
