[A clinico-physiological and psychological-pedagogical analysis of the structure of the defect in cognitive activity in 3 cases of different forms of speech pathology]. / Kliniko-fiziologicheskii i psikhologo-pedagogicheskii analiz struktury defekta poznavatel'noi deiatel'nosti v 3 sluchaiakh raznykh form rechevoi patologii.

Clinical (neurological), neurophysiological (EEG) and psychological examinations were carried out in 3 children with general speech defects. These children represented 3 main groups with speech disturbances: with speech defects which may be logopedically corrected, with speech defect and intact intellectual ability, with considerable disturbances of speech and cognitive functions. The peculiarities of cognitive disturbances were determined in each group. They were manifested in the form of alterations either of basic EEG or of EEG response to different stimuli as well as in psychological profile structure.

[The characteristics of probabilistic prognosis and of the orienting reaction in children with learning difficulties]. / Osobennosti veroiatnostnogo prognozirovaniia i orientirovochnoi reaktsii u detei s trudnostiami obucheniia.

Middle-aged school-children were examined with learning disabilities, differentiated by the parameters of probabilistic prognosis in two subgroups: with disturbances of attention (1) and memory (2). The first subgroup differed from the norm by intensified reaction of desynchronization of the projection areas of the cortex to irrelevant stimuli. Relevant information evoked an increase of activation of the associative zones, less expressed than in the norm. In the second subgroup a weak involvement of associative cortical areas in the reaction of desynchronization to relevant stimuli correlated with insufficient formation of alpha 2-rhythm and high frequency of meeting the signs of dysfunction of mesodiencephalic brain structure. The results are discussed in the aspect of the role of neurophysiological mechanisms of regulation and trace fixation for the formation of the integrative brain activity in the ontogenesis.

Neurophysiological mechanisms of the attention disturbance in children with learning difficulties.

The features of orientation reaction (OR) and the background EEG were investigated with the purpose of studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of the disturbance of voluntary attention in children aged 6.5-9 years with learning difficulties caused by delayed mental development (DMD). A decrease in the expressivity of components of the OR as compared with the norm, discovered in a situation of involuntary attention against a background of insufficiently developed cortical rhythmicity in the alpha range, was compensated for given an increase in the significance of the stimuli. These facts support the hypothesis of a deficit in regulatory corticofugal influences in children with DMD. The inadequacy of the engagement of central regions of the cortex characteristic of children with DMD in the realization of OR in a situation of directed attention can be regarded as a reflection of disturbances of the integrative activity of the brain.

[Malignant tumors as cause of death of patients with duodenal ulcer]. / Zlokachestvennye opukholi kak prichina smerti bol'nykh s iazvoi dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

A study of 269 cases of chronic duodenal ulcer showed cancer to be the cause of death in 131 (48.7%). Tumors of the lung, large bowel, prostate and kidney developed most frequently.

[Neurophysiologic mechanisms of attention disorder in children with learning difficulties]. / O neirofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmakh narusheniia vnimaniia u detei s trudnostiami obucheniia.

In order to study neurophysiological mechanisms of the disturbance of voluntary attention in children of 6.5-9 years old, which had difficulties in learning caused by a delay of psychic development (DPD), characteristics were studied of electrocortical and vegetative components of orienting reaction (OR) to indifferent and relevant stimuli and also of background EEG. A decrease of OR components revealed in situation of involuntary attention against the background of insufficiently formed cortical rhythm of alpha-range, as compared with the norm, is compensated at the increase of stimuli significance by verbal instruction. These facts confirm the supposition about deficit of regulating influences of the frontal cortical areas on the ascending activating system in children with difficulties in learning. Deficiency of the involvement of the central cortical areas in OR realization, typical of the children with DPD in a situation of voluntary directed attention, can be considered as reflection of disturbances of integrative brain activity.

[Reorganization of human evoked potentials during automatization of motor reactions]. / Reorganizatsiia vyzvannykh potentsialov u cheloveka pri avtomatizatsii dvigatel'nykh rekatsii.

Evoked electrocortical activity appearing during rhythmic stimulation and its correlation with the level of expectancy of the signal next in turn (expressed in values of reaction time), were studied in nine grown up subjects. Reorganization of auditory evoked potentials (EPs), mostly expressed during reactions preceding the stimulus or coinciding with it occurs at motor responses to rhythmical stimuli. The character of correlation between EPs and perception is satisfactorily explained by a cyclic model of the sensory information processing. Adaptive behaviour is provided by the cyclic processes promoting engrams formation and adequate pretuning to probable events.

[Electrophysiologic study of the reactions of the brain to regular and skipped acoustic stimuli in man]. / Elektrofiziologicheskoe issledovanie reaktsii mozga na real'nye i propushchennye zvukovye stimuly u cheloveka.

Human electrical cerebral reactions to acoustic stimuli and to their omission at fixed moments of a restricted rhythmic sequence repeatedly presented in conditions of distraction and attraction of attention to stimuli, were recorded on the vertex. By special methods of bioelectrical signals processing on a computer, the potentials are singled out in response to stimulus omission (SO) with each set ordinal number, which, as well as the potentials, evoked by the actual stimulus (AS), possessed a main negative-positive complex N1P2. In conditions of attention distraction, the negative component of this complex had a latency of 144 ms and the positive one--about 207 ms. In the situation of the attraction of attention to stimuli a decrease of N1 latency up to 125 ms, took place, as well as complication of SO configuration due to the appearance of a later positive oscillation with a latency of about 560 ms, and parametres stabilization of SO as a whole. The analogous dynamics of N1 latency was characteristic of AS in both situations. The mechanisms of SO formation are discussed in connection with trace processes in the central nervous system.