Catalytic System-Controlled Regioselective 1,2- and 1,4-Carboannulations of [60]Fullerene.

Selective functionalization of fullerenes is an important but challenging topic in fullerene chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Here we present the first example of catalytic system-controlled regioselective 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions for the flexible and efficient synthesis of novel 1,2- and 1,4-carbocycle-fused fullerenes via a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative carboannulation process.

iPSCs-derived mesenchymal stromal cells mitigate anxiety and neuroinflammation in aging female mice.

Perimenopause is a natural transition to menopause, when hormone disturbance can result in both short-term mental disorders, such as anxiety, and long-term neuroinflammation due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, which may lead to more serious neurological disorders later on, such as dementia. Effective treatments may prevent both short-term and long-term neurological sequela, which formed the aim of this study. In aged female C57BL/6 mice (16-18 months of age), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), were administered via tail vein injection. Mice showed increased blood estrogen levels, alleviated anxiety and neuroinflammation, and improved BBB integrity. Interestingly, transplanted MSCs were located close to ovarian sympathetic nerves and decreased ovarian norepinephrine levels, which in turn increased ovarian estrogen secretion. Moreover, the administration of anastrozole, an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis, diminished the therapeutic effects of MSCs in vivo, suggesting the effect to be estrogen-dependent. In vitro study confirmed the impact of MSCs on sympathetic nerves via mitochondria exchange. In conclusion, iPSC-derived MSCs may provide a novel option to manage perimenopause-related hormonal dysregulation and neurological disorders during the female aging process.

Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative heterocyclizations of [60]fullerene: preparation of novel vinyl-substituted [60]fullerene-fused tetrahydrofurans/pyrans/quinolines.

A general and practical methodology for the preparation of novel vinyl-substituted [60]fullerene-fused tetrahydrofurans/pyrans/quinolines through palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative heterocyclizations of [60]fullerene with vinylethylene/2-alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates and vinyl carbamates was developed. Without additives or ligands, the Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed transformations undergo decarboxylative O- and N-heteroannulation processes to efficiently furnish structurally diverse [60]fullerene-fused heterocyclic derivatives.

Copper-Catalyzed N-H/C-H Sequential Relay Oxidative Radical Carboannulation: Construction of Diversely Substituted [60]Fullerene-Fused Tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indoles.

Reported herein is a new copper-catalyzed N-H/C-H sequential relay oxidative radical carboannulation of [60]fullerene with C2-functionalized free indoles for the direct construction of novel [60]fullerene-fused tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indoles. The transformation shows high regioselectivity and atom economy, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance, providing an efficient and practical approach to access diversely substituted fullerene-fused polycyclic derivatives from simple hydrocarbons.