Feasibility and Application of Local Closed-Loop Materials to Produce Compressed and Stabilized Earth Blocks.

The validation of a feasible application for the production of sustainable bricks with local materials in humid and hot climates, which would allow the current housing needs of a constantly growing population with scarce economic resources to be met while also reducing energy inputs for climate control, is a current challenge without a definitive solution. Therefore, this research studied the incorporation of local aggregates and two second-generation materials to produce lime-stabilized Compressed Earth Blocks (CSEBs) using a semi-automatic machine for their manufacture. An initial matrix was designed as a baseline, and three more were developed with variations to incorporate second-generation materials individually and as mixtures. The stabilizer was added in concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%, resulting in a total of 12 batches of CSEBs. Eleven of the studied batches exceed the normative limits for simple compressive strength and initial water absorption coefficient. The best result of simple compressive strength was obtained in two batches of the same matrix that used construction demolition waste (CDW), reaching 4.3 MPa (43% above the minimum limit established by the most restrictive regulations and 115% above the least restrictive). It was possible to produce sustainable bricks in situ with average ambient temperatures of 32 °C and relative humidity of 91%.

El derecho fundamental a eutanasia y su problemática constitucionalen España / El dret fonamental a eutanàsia i la seva problemàtica constitucionala Espanya / The fundamental right to euthanasia and its constitutional problems in Spain

Tras la regulación de la eutanasia emerge una problemática constitucional y bioética que revela las deficiencias, lagunas y conflictos jurídicos sin resolver por la LO 3/2021, de 24 de marzo (LORE). La desprotección de colectivos vulnerables, la huida de las garantías jurídicas convencionales y la lesividad de derechos fundamentales, entre otras razones, fundamentan la dimensión constitucional del derecho a morir. El control jurídico de la eutanasia se enfrenta en la actualidad a su construcción legal como derecho fundamental pese a la apariencia como derecho prestacional de “ayuda a morir”, en base a la conexión con el derecho a la vida, integridad física y moral, dignidad, libertad, intimidad (Exposición de Motivos LORE). Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva constitucional, resulta insatisfactoria la exclusión de menores y sujetos sin capacidad de su ámbito subjetivo y el riesgo de eludir la ponderación en conflicto con otros derechos al adoptar una jerarquía superior de hecho.(AU)

Després de la regulació de l'eutanàsia emergeix una problemàtica constitucional i bioètica que revela les deficiències, les llacunes i els conflictes jurídics sense resoldre per la LO 3/2021, de 24 de març (LORE). La desprotecció de col·lectius vulnerables, la fugida de les garanties jurídiques convencionals i la lesivitat de drets fonamentals, entre altres raons, fonamenten la dimensió constitucional del dret a morir. El control jurídic de l'eutanàsia s'enfronta actualment a la seva construcció legal com a dret fonamental malgrat l'aparença com a dret prestacional d'“ajuda a morir”, en base a la connexió amb el dret a la vida, integritat física i moral, dignitat , llibertat, intimitat (Exposició de Motius LORE). Tanmateix, des d'una perspectiva constitucional resulta insatisfactòria l'exclusió de menors i subjectes sense capacitat del seu àmbit subjectiu i el risc d'eludir la ponderació en conflicte amb altres drets en adoptar una jerarquia superior de fet.(AU)

After the legalization of euthanasia, a constitutional and bioethical problem emerges that reveals the deficiencies, gaps and legal conflicts unresolved by LO 3/2021, of March 24. The lack of protection of vulnerable groups, the flight from conventional legal guarantees and the harmfulness of fundamental rights, among other reasons, support the constitutional dimension of the right to die. The legal control of euthanasia currently faces its legal construction as a fundamental right despite the appearance as a right to "help to die", based on the connection with theright to life, physical and moral integrity, dignity, freedom, privacy (LORE Statement of Reasons). However, from a constitutional perspective, the exclusion of minors and subjects without capacity from their subjective sphere, and the risk of eluding theweighting in conflict with other rights by adopting a higher in fact hierarchy is unsatisfactory.(AU)

Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days-Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years.

(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student's t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (ß = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (ß = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (ß = - 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (ß = 0.174, p = 0.047 and ß = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.

The blocking of kappa-opioid receptor reverses the changes in dorsolateral striatum dopamine dynamics during the amphetamine sensitization.

Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) control dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum and contribute significantly to the progression of drug addiction. Repeated exposure to psychostimulants has been associated with up-regulated KOR activity and increased DA levels in dorsal striatum. However, it has not been tested if both processes are linked. In this work, we studied if a mechanism mediated by KOR is contributing to the increase in DA levels in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) after amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization. The AMPH sensitization was assessed after single or repeated once-a-day AMPH injections (1 mg/kg). Only repeated AMPH exposure produced a significant locomotor sensitization. No-net flux microdialysis was used to assess basal DA dialysate, DA extracellular concentration (Cext ), and DA uptake in DLS of anesthetized rats. The role of KOR on DA dynamics in DLS was evaluated by local perfusion (250 µM) and systemic administration (10 mg/kg) of the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. A significant decrease in DA Cext is observed in the DLS after an AMPH challenge in rats exposed to a single dose of AMPH. The decrease in DA Cext was associated with both a decreased basal DA dialysate and an increased DA uptake. Conversely, the expression of AMPH sensitization was accompanied by a significant increase in DA Cext associated with an increased basal DA dialysate and an attenuation in DA uptake. Both local and systemic administration of nor-binaltorphimine reversed changes in DLS after AMPH pre-treatment. These findings indicate that endogenous KOR system tunes DLS DA dynamics during the progression to AMPH sensitization.

Selective and mild fractionation of microalgal proteins and pigments using aqueous two-phase systems.

BACKGROUND: Microalgal biomass is generally used to produce a single product instead of valorizing all of the cellular components. The biomass production and downstream processes are too expensive if only one product is valorized. A new approach was proposed for the simultaneous and selective partitioning of pigments and proteins from disrupted Neochloris oleoabundans cultivated under saline and freshwater conditions. RESULTS: An aqueous two-phase system composed of polyethylene glycol and cholinium dihydrogen phosphate selectively separated microalgal pigments from microalgal proteins. 97.3 ± 1.0% of lutein and 51.6 ± 2.3% of chlorophyll were recovered in the polymer-rich phase. Simultaneously, up to 92.2 ± 2.0% of proteins were recovered in a third phase (interface) in between the aqueous phases (interface). The recovered proteins, including Rubisco with a molecular weight of ∼560 kDa, seem to be intact and pigments did not suffer degradation, demonstrating the mildness of this system for fractionating microalgal biomolecules. CONCLUSION: The ability of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) to simultaneously and efficiently fractionate different biomolecules in a mild manner from disrupted microalgae is demonstrated. This is an important step towards the development of a multiproduct microalgae biorefinery. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations account for 78% of germline carriers among hereditary breast cancer families in Chile.

Identifying founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in specific populations constitute a valuable opportunity for genetic screening. Several studies from different populations have reported recurrent and/or founder mutations representing a relevant proportion of BRCA mutation carriers. In Latin America, only few founder mutations have been described. We screened 453 Chilean patients with hereditary breast cancer for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. For recurrent mutations, we genotyped 11 microsatellite markers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in order to determine a founder effect through haplotype analysis. We found a total of 25 mutations (6 novel) in 71 index patients among which, nine are present exclusively in Chilean patients. Our analysis revealed the presence of nine founder mutations, 4 in BRCA1 and 5 in BRCA2, shared by 2 to 10 unrelated families and spread in different regions of Chile. Our panel contains the highest amount of founder mutations until today and represents the highest percentage (78%) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We suggest that the dramatic reduction of Amerindian population due to smallpox and wars with Spanish conquerors, a scarce population increase during 300 years, and the geographic position of Chile constituted a favorable scenario to establish founder genetic markers in our population.

First record of the family Sphyrapodidae Gutu, 1980 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Apseudomorpha) with the description of a new species of Sphyrapus from the Colombian Caribbean.

A new sphyrapodid tanaidacean, Sphyrapus caribensis sp. nov. is described and a new record of Kudinopasternakia siegi is reported for the Colombian Caribbean based on samples collected during cruises in 2014-2015. The new species appears to be most closely related to the northeast Atlantic species, Sphyrapus malleolus. Sphyrapus caribensis can be distinguished from Sphyrapus malleolus by a combination of characters, including the maxillipedal basis without long distal seta, the number of setae on the distoventral margin of pereopods 1 and 2, and the number of plumose seta on the pleopod basis. A key for the separation of Sphyrapus species is presented.

La situación de enfermería: "un milagro de vida" en la aplicación integral del concepto de duelo / The nursery situation: "a miracle of life" in the integral application of the concept of mourning

El duelo por la muerte es una situación que se encuentra inmersa en el diario vivir del personal de salud, es inherente a los procesos de enfermedad, hospitalización y muerte. Por tal motivo, es indispensable que los profesionales de enfermería tengan conocimiento, desarrollen habilidades y destrezas con relación a esta temática. En el presente artículo se describe la situación de enfermería "Un milagro de vida" en la que se narra la muerte de un hijo recién nacido. Posteriormente, se plantea el análisis y la formulación del concepto duelo, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y la experiencia personal.

Grief is a situation that is immersed in the daily life of health, is inherent in the processes of illness, hospitalization and death, among others. For this reason it is essential that nurses have knowledge, develop skills and abilities regarding this topic. This article describes the nursing situation "A life miracle" which recounts the death of a newborn child and then raises the analysis and formulation of a concept of grief, from the literature review and personal experience.

O luto pela morte, é uma situação que se encontra imersa no diárioviver do pessoal de saúde, é inerente aos processos de doença, hospitalização e morte. Por esse motivo, é indispensável que os profissionais de enfermagem tenham conhecimento, desenvolvam habilidades e destrezas com relação a esta temática. Neste artigo, se descreve a situação de enfermagem "Um milagre de vida" em que se narra a morte de um recém-nascido. Posteriormente, planteia-se a análise e a formulação do conceito "luto", a partir da revisão bibliográfica e a experiênciapessoal.

Agentes etiológicos de diarrea en niños atendidos en la Unidad de Capacitacíon para el Tratamiento de la Diarrea del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín / Diarrhea etiological agents in children seen at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl’s Unidad de Capacitación para el Tratamiento de la Diarrea, Medellín

Objetivo: estudiar la presencia de agentes potencialmente productores de diarrea y las características de los niños atendidos en la Unidad de Capacitación para el Tratamiento de la Diarrea, del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín, entre 1997 y 1999. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Entre los 1984 niños atendidos se realizaron los siguientes exámenes de materias fecales: coprológicos 851, coprocultivos: 564, Latex para rotavirus:150, Tinción para Criptosporidium: 142, Tinción para Campylobacter: 137. Se buscó asociación estadística entre las características personales y clínicas que presentaban los niños y los agentes identificados. Resultados: entre los niños analizados se encontró Rotavirus en 48 por ciento, Salmonella spp 11.5 por ciento, Shigella spp 3.5 por ciento, E. Coli enteropatógeno 4.2 por ciento, Criptosporidium spp 15.5 por ciento y Campylobacter spp 5.8 por ciento. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre rotavirus y la edad de 6 a 11 meses, OR=2.99(1.45, 6.21), diarrea aguda, OR=2.93 (0.91, 9.95) y ausencia de sangre en las heces, OR=5.10 (1.51, 18.96). Entre la presencia de sangre y Salmonella spp., OR=2.82 (1.60, 4.96) y Shigella spp. OR=4.88 (1.81, 13.38) y entre E. Coli enteropatógeno y deshidratación, OR=4.67 (1.30, 19.89). Conclusiones: principales agentes identificados: Rotavirus y Salmonella spp. Los parásitos son poco frecuentes

Satisfacción usuaria de los parientes de los niños que se controlan con un sistema basado en el autocuidado / User satisfaction of relatives of children controlled by a self-care system

En esta época todo está centralizado en el usuario, especialmente la satisfacción usuaria en relación a los sistemas de salud. La razón de esto es que ahora ese concepto ha aceptado como un indicador de calidad el cuidado y beneficio al paciente. Esta investigación "satisfacción usuaria de los parientes de niños que se controlan con un sistema basado en el autocuidado" esta adentro de la investigación principal de FONDECYT 1950820. La hipótesis es: que los parientes de niños entre seis y un año de edad que son atendidos en el consultorio Los Castaños, están satisfechos con el sistema basado en el autocuidado y les gustaría continuar con el mismo sistema. Este estudio es analítico, transversal y cualitativo, para el cual se aplicó una encuesta a 51 parientes de 84 del universo que cumplen con los prerequisitos. La conclusión de está investigación es que 84 por ciento de los encuestados están satisfechos con la atención recibida. Un gran parámetro que influye en el concepto de satisfacción usuaria es que los parientes que están insatisfechos son primíparas. Entonces es necesario investigar este grupo de insatisfechos para entender más si el fenómeno de satifacción está o no relacionado con algún aspecto sicológico o emocional.