Sentinel node tumor burden in cutaneous melanoma. Survival with competing risk analysis and influence in relapses and non-sentinel node status: retrospective cohort study with long follow-up in a Spanish population.

Several authors have studied the potential of sentinel lymph node (SLN) tumor burden as prognostic factor but the microscopic classifications used in different study groups were variable. We examined the prognostic role of tumor burden in SLN on melanoma specific-survival and competing causes of death. We also analysed clinical and histological factors as predictors of disease relapses and additional non sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastases. We included all patients with cutaneous melanoma that underwent SLN biopsy between 2002 and 2012 at Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (Spain). The study end-points were death due to melanoma, melanoma relapse and involvement of NSLN. We used Fine-Gray test for competing risk analysis. A logistic regression model was performed to predict the risk of involvement of NSLN. Between 2002 and 2012, there were 348 patients who underwent SLN biopsy in our centre (308 were eligible for the study). 26.9% patients positive SLN. 88 patients died during the follow-up period and 66 (75%) died from melanoma. The 5-year cumulative incidence of melanoma death was 15.33% (95 % CI 15.25-15.42). The cumulative probability of death from melanoma was associated with gender, histological subtype, Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration and SLN tumor burden. In multivariable analysis, Breslow thickness and SLN tumor burden remained as independent prognostic factors. SLN tumor burden appears to be an important prognostic factor. It is very important reporting these characteristics in pathological reports. More prospective studies would be necessary to analyze these variables and to be able to make recommendations in management of melanoma patients.

Valor de la evaluación intraoperatoria del margen quirúrgico para el diagnóstico de margen afecto en cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama / Usefulness of intraoperative surgical margin assessment for the diagnosis of margin involvement in breast-conserving surgery

Introducción El margen positivo en cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama es un importante factor pronóstico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar cómo influye nuestro protocolo de evaluación intraoperatoria del margen del espécimen en la frecuencia de márgenes afectos (MA). Además, estudiamos la precisión de nuestro protocolo como prueba diagnóstica de MA. Métodos Se incluyeron pacientes tratadas mediante cirugía conservadora de la mama por carcinoma invasivo en un centro de referencia de cáncer de mama entre 2004 y 2015. El análisis intraoperatorio del margen consistió en una inspección macroscópica del espécimen por parte del patólogo. Se empleó ink on tumor como definición de MA. Resultados Se incluyeron 799 pacientes. En 312 pacientes (39%) el margen se consideró afectado o amenazado, y se realizó una ampliación intraoperatoria. En la evaluación definitiva se confirmó que 123 de ellas tenían un margen afecto, y en 189 estaba libre. Por otro lado, se consideró que 487 muestras tenían el margen inicial libre y no se realizó ampliación intraoperatoria. Posteriormente se confirmó un margen final libre en 459 de estas pacientes (94,2%). Veintiocho pacientes tuvieron margen libre intraoperatoriamente, pero margen final afecto. Si no se hubiera realizado el análisis intraoperatorio del margen, la tasa de MA definitivo hubiera sido del 18,9% (151 pacientes de 799). Gracias a las ampliaciones intraoperatorias, la tasa de MA definitivo en tumores infiltrantes se redujo de 18,9 a 5,7%: hubo 46 pacientes con margen final afecto, 28 del grupo de margen intraoperatorio libre y 18 del grupo de márgenes intraoperatorios comprometidos. La sensibilidad del procedimiento fue de 0,81, mientras que la especificidad fue de 0,71. El valor predictivo positivo fue de 0,39 y el valor predictivo negativo fue de 0,94. Conclusión... (AU)

Introduction A positive margin in breast-conserving surgery is an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of our protocol for the intraoperative assessment of the surgical specimen on the frequency of margin involvement (MI). We also studied the accuracy of our protocol as a diagnostic test of MI. Methods We included patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for infiltrating ductal carcinoma in a breast cancer referral centre between 2004 and 2015. Intraoperative assessment consisted of macroscopic inspection of the specimen by a pathologist. MI was defined by ink on tumor. Results A total of 799 patients were included. In 312 patients (39%), the margin was considered involved or in danger of involvement and intraoperative widening was performed. MI was confirmed by definitive assessment in 123 of these patients and clear margins were confirmed in 189 patients. In 487 patients, the initial margin was considered disease-free and margin enlargement was not performed. In 459 of these patients (94.2%) subsequent analysis confirmed disease-free margins. In 28 patients, intraoperative assessment suggested disease-free margins but subsequent analysis revealed MI. Without intraoperative margin assessment, the rate of definitive MI would have been 18.9% (151 patients out of 799). Due to intraoperative widening, the rate of definitive MI in infiltrating tumours was decreased from 18.9 to 5.7%. Definitive MI was found in 46 patients, 28 in the group with disease-free margins at the intraoperative assessment and 18 in the group with MI at the intraoperative assessment. The sensitivity of the procedure was 0.81 and specificity was 0.71. The positive predictive value was 0.39 and the negative predictive value was 0.94. ConclusionThe application of our protocol for the intraoperative assessment of infiltrating tumors revealed an MI rate of 5.7%... (AU)

Valor de la evaluación intraoperatoria del margen quirúrgico para el diagnóstico de margen afecto en cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama / Usefulness of intraoperative surgical margin assessment for the diagnosis of margin involvement in breast-conserving surgery

Introducción El margen positivo en cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama es un importante factor pronóstico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar cómo influye nuestro protocolo de evaluación intraoperatoria del margen del espécimen en la frecuencia de márgenes afectos (MA). Además, estudiamos la precisión de nuestro protocolo como prueba diagnóstica de MA. Métodos Se incluyeron pacientes tratadas mediante cirugía conservadora de la mama por carcinoma invasivo en un centro de referencia de cáncer de mama entre 2004 y 2015. El análisis intraoperatorio del margen consistió en una inspección macroscópica del espécimen por parte del patólogo. Se empleó ink on tumor como definición de MA. Resultados Se incluyeron 799 pacientes. En 312 pacientes (39%) el margen se consideró afectado o amenazado, y se realizó una ampliación intraoperatoria. En la evaluación definitiva se confirmó que 123 de ellas tenían un margen afecto, y en 189 estaba libre. Por otro lado, se consideró que 487 muestras tenían el margen inicial libre y no se realizó ampliación intraoperatoria. Posteriormente se confirmó un margen final libre en 459 de estas pacientes (94,2%). Veintiocho pacientes tuvieron margen libre intraoperatoriamente, pero margen final afecto. Si no se hubiera realizado el análisis intraoperatorio del margen, la tasa de MA definitivo hubiera sido del 18,9% (151 pacientes de 799). Gracias a las ampliaciones intraoperatorias, la tasa de MA definitivo en tumores infiltrantes se redujo de 18,9 a 5,7%: hubo 46 pacientes con margen final afecto, 28 del grupo de margen intraoperatorio libre y 18 del grupo de márgenes intraoperatorios comprometidos. La sensibilidad del procedimiento fue de 0,81, mientras que la especificidad fue de 0,71. El valor predictivo positivo fue de 0,39 y el valor predictivo negativo fue de 0,94. Conclusión... (AU)

Introduction A positive margin in breast-conserving surgery is an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of our protocol for the intraoperative assessment of the surgical specimen on the frequency of margin involvement (MI). We also studied the accuracy of our protocol as a diagnostic test of MI. Methods We included patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for infiltrating ductal carcinoma in a breast cancer referral centre between 2004 and 2015. Intraoperative assessment consisted of macroscopic inspection of the specimen by a pathologist. MI was defined by ink on tumor. Results A total of 799 patients were included. In 312 patients (39%), the margin was considered involved or in danger of involvement and intraoperative widening was performed. MI was confirmed by definitive assessment in 123 of these patients and clear margins were confirmed in 189 patients. In 487 patients, the initial margin was considered disease-free and margin enlargement was not performed. In 459 of these patients (94.2%) subsequent analysis confirmed disease-free margins. In 28 patients, intraoperative assessment suggested disease-free margins but subsequent analysis revealed MI. Without intraoperative margin assessment, the rate of definitive MI would have been 18.9% (151 patients out of 799). Due to intraoperative widening, the rate of definitive MI in infiltrating tumours was decreased from 18.9 to 5.7%. Definitive MI was found in 46 patients, 28 in the group with disease-free margins at the intraoperative assessment and 18 in the group with MI at the intraoperative assessment. The sensitivity of the procedure was 0.81 and specificity was 0.71. The positive predictive value was 0.39 and the negative predictive value was 0.94. ConclusionThe application of our protocol for the intraoperative assessment of infiltrating tumors revealed an MI rate of 5.7%... (AU)

Carcinoma adenoide quístico de mama, 22 años de experiencia / Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, 22 years of experience

INTRODUCCIÓN: El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) es una neoplasia infrecuente en la mama (menos del 0,1%). Típicamente es triple negativo con un pronóstico favorable. Su baja frecuencia y su curso indolente provocan dificultades en el convenio de la evaluación y el consenso terapéutico, así como en el uso de la técnica del ganglio centinela en estos carcinomas. OBJETIVO: Aportar una serie nueva de casos procedentes del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, mediante la revisión retrospectiva en un periodo de 22 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisan todos los casos de CAQ mamario diagnosticados entre 1998 y 2020. Analizamos los datos clínicos y anatomopatológicos y los comparamos con la literatura. RESULTADOS: Identificamos 12 CAQ, de un total de 18.241 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama, con un tamaño tumoral medio de 23,8mm y una edad media de 63,5 años. Todos ellos se encontraban en un estadio I-II al diagnóstico. Un caso presentó una micrometástasis ganglionar. Un caso presentó recidiva local y un caso presentó metástasis a distancia a los 5 meses del diagnóstico (93,5 meses de seguimiento medio). Según el grado histológico de Nottingham, 8 casos tuvieron un grado 1, 2 casos un grado 2 y 2 pacientes un grado 3. Según la clasificación de Ro et al., 3 casos fueron grado 1, 4 casos grado 2 y 5 casos grado 3. Un caso fue RE positivo (10%). Ningún caso presentó positividad para BRAF V600E con inmunohistoquímica. CONCLUSIÓN: El manejo y pronóstico del CAQ mamario, dentro de la benignidad, sigue siendo incierto, siendo necesarios más datos para comprender la evolución clínica y realizar un adecuado manejo terapéutico

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon neoplasm in the breast (less than 0.1%). ACC is typically triple negative with a favourable prognosis. Its low frequency and indolent course cause difficulties in the agreement of the evaluation and therapeutic consensus, as well as the use of the sentinel node excision in these carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to provide a new series of cases from the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, through retrospective review over a period of 22 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Every case of breast ACC diagnosed between 1998-2020 is reviewed. We analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics, and compare them with the literature. RESULTS: We identified twelve cases of ACC, from a total of 18,241 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma, with an average tumor size of 23.8mm and mean of 63.5 years. All of them were in a stage I-II at diagnosis. One case presented a lymph node micrometastases. One of them presented local recurrences and one case presented metastases 5 months after diagnosis (93.5 months of mean follow-up). According to Nottingham Histological Score, eight cases had a grade 1, two grade 2 and two grade 3. According to the classification of Ro et al., three were grade 1, four grade 2 and five grade 3. One case was ER positive (10%). No case presents positivity for BRAF-V600E in immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: The management and prognosis ACC of breast, within benignity, remains uncertain, with more studies being needed to understand the clinical evolution and perform adequate therapeutic management

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, 22 years of experience]. / Carcinoma adenoide quístico de mama, 22 años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon neoplasm in the breast (less than 0.1%). ACC is typically triple negative with a favourable prognosis. Its low frequency and indolent course cause difficulties in the agreement of the evaluation and therapeutic consensus, as well as the use of the sentinel node excision in these carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to provide a new series of cases from the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, through retrospective review over a period of 22 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Every case of breast ACC diagnosed between 1998-2020 is reviewed. We analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics, and compare them with the literature. RESULTS: We identified twelve cases of ACC, from a total of 18,241 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma, with an average tumor size of 23.8mm and mean of 63.5 years. All of them were in a stage I-II at diagnosis. One case presented a lymph node micrometastases. One of them presented local recurrences and one case presented metastases 5 months after diagnosis (93.5 months of mean follow-up). According to Nottingham Histological Score, eight cases had a grade 1, two grade 2 and two grade 3. According to the classification of Ro et al., three were grade 1, four grade 2 and five grade 3. One case was ER positive (10%). No case presents positivity for BRAF-V600E in immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: The management and prognosis ACC of breast, within benignity, remains uncertain, with more studies being needed to understand the clinical evolution and perform adequate therapeutic management.

[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis: Report of 2 new cases]. / Cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo: aportación de dos casos.

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. METHODS: Clinical and pathological study of 2 male patients 48 and 26-year-old respectively, presenting with a solid, painful mass in the head of the epididymis. The nodules were removed. RESULTS: Pathological analysis showed two papillary cystadenomas of the epididymis. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is an epithelial tumor of unclear origin. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and infertility. They are uncommon and benign.

Cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo: aportación de dos casos / Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis: Report of 2 new cases

OBJETIVO: Presentamos 2 casos de cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo. MÉTODOS: Estudio clínico y anatomopatológico de 2 pacientes varones de 48 y 26 años de edad con una masa sólida, dolorosa en la cabeza del epidídimo. Los nódulos fueron extirpados quirúrgicamente. RESULTADOS: El análisis histológico demostró que se trataba de 2 cistoadenomas papilares de epidídimo. CONCLUSIONES: El cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo es un tumor epitelial de origen incierto, asociado a la enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau y a infertilidad. Son tumores poco frecuentes y benignos (AU)