ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the spinal changes in ligature-induced periodontitis and the role of periodontitis in cognitive impairment. METHODS: Twenty mice were randomized into the control and chronic periodontitis (CP) groups, with the latter receiving ligature-induced periodontitis. Cognitive performance was assessed by fear conditioning test. Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. The hippocampal microglial activation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of hippocampal cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-10, and TREM2) were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The morphology and density of the dendritic spines were determined by Golgi-Cox staining. RESULTS: The CP mice reported significant inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar bone resorption, with marked increases in cytokine levels (TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1ß, and TREM2) in the brain. Moreover, the CP mice showed significantly reduced freezing to the conditioned stimulus in the cued and contextual tests, indicating impaired memory. Further analyses revealed, in the hippocampus of the CP mice, enhanced microglial activation, decreased dendritic spine density, and increased proportion of thin dendritic spines. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis-induced neuroinflammation may impair the cognitive function by activating hippocampal microglia and inducing dendritic spine immaturity.
ABSTRACT
For immediate implants in the anterior region, the socket-shield technique has received much attention in recent years. However, this technique is technically sensitive and root preparation is difficult. It is also difficult to obtain the ideal three-dimensional position for implant placement in the anterior region. This paper reports a clinical case in which socket-shield preparation and implant cavity preparation were performed with the aid of a dual guide in implant surgery. The dual guide surgical preparation technique was used to reduce the difficulty of socket-shield preparation and to achieve restoration-orientated implant placement with satisfactory clinical results.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants, Single-Tooth , Immediate Dental Implant Loading , Humans , Tooth Socket/surgery , Esthetics, Dental , Immediate Dental Implant Loading/methods , Tooth Extraction/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND This study aimed to conduct a clinical evaluation of four restorative materials for restoration of dental wedge-shaped defect (WSD) and their impacts on periodontal tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 280 maxillary premolars with dental WSD were selected from 106 patients; the patient cases were divided into eight groups according to different combinations of restorative materials (flowable resin composites, Dyract compomers, glass ionomer cement (GIC), light-curing composite resin), and WSD positions (approaching gingival and subgingival positions). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in GCF were analyzed, while probing depth (PD), plaque index (PLI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were also measured. The periodontal conditions of all patients were followed prior to restoration, as well as six months and 12 months after restoration. RESULTS After six months of restoration, the overall clinical success rates of flowable resin composites, Dyract compomers, and light-curing composite resin were greater than those of GIC. GCF volume, GCF-AST, IL-1ß levels, PD, PLI, and SBI of cases restored by GIC were higher than those restored by the other three materials. After 12 months of restoration, the overall clinical success rates of flowable resin composites and Dyract compomers were greater than those of light-curing composite resin and GIC. GCF volume, GCF-AST, GCF-ALP, IL-1ß levels, PD, PLI, and SBI of cases restored by GIC were higher than those restored by the other three materials. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that the clinical efficacy of flowable resin composites, Dyract compomers, and light-curing composite resin was greater than that of GIC for restoration of dental WSD.
