Targeted screening of multiple anti-inflammatory components from Chrysanthemi indici Flos by ligand fishing with affinity UF-LC/MS.

Chrysanthemi indic Flos (CIF) has been commonly consumed for the treatment of inflammation and related skin diseases. However, the potential bioactive components responsible for its anti-inflammatory and sensitive skin (SS) improvement activities, and the correlated mechanisms of action still remain unknown. In this work, it was firstly found that the CIF extract (CIFE) displayed arrestive free radical scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals, with no significant difference with positive control Trolox (p > 0.05). Then, compared to the negative group, CIFE markedly decreased the productions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, PEG2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, NO) in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Besides, CIFE strongly inhibited the COX-2 and hyaluronidase (HAase) with the IC50 values of 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 12.22 ± 0.39 µg/mL, indicating higher inhibitory effect than positive control of aspirin of 6.33 ± 0.05 µg/mL (p < 0.01), and comparable inhibitory effect with indometacin of 0.60 ± 0.03 µg/mL, and ascorbic acid of 11.03 ± 0.41 µg/mL (p > 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, kinetic assays with Lineweaver-Burk plot (Michaelis Menten equation) suggested that CIFE reversibly inhibited the COX-2 and HAase, with a mixed characteristics of competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Thereafter, multi-target affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC/MS) method was employed to fast fish out the potential COX-2 and HAase in CIFE. Herein, 13 components showed various affinity binding degrees to the COX-2 and HAase, while those components with relative binding affinity (RBA) value higher than 3.0, such as linarin and chlorogenic acid isomers, were deemed to be the most bioactive components for the anti-inflammatory and SS improvement activities of CIFE. Finally, the interaction mechanism, including binding energy, inhibition constant, docking sites, and the key amino acids involved in hydrogen bonds between the potential ligands and COX-2/HAase were simulated and confirmed with the molecule docking analysis. In summary, this study showcased the prominent anti-inflammatory and SS improvement activities of CIF, which would provide further insights on this functional medicinal plant to be a natural anti-SS remedy.

Cytotoxic indole diterpenoids and rare pyridoxatin atropisomers from the endophytic fungus Tolypocladium sp. SHJJ1.

Phytochemical investigation on the extract of endophytic fungus Tolypocladium sp. SHJJ1 resulted in the identification of a pair of previously undescribed pyridoxatin atropisomers [1 (M/P)] and three new indole diterpenoids (3-5), together with a pair of known pyridoxatin atropisomers [2 (M/P)] and ten known indole diterpenoids (6-15). Their structures, including their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction. Among the undescribed natural products, [1 (M/P)] that two rapidly interconverting atropisomers are the third example to report in the pyridoxatin atropisomers. Except for compounds 1 (M/P) and 2 (M/P), all other compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity using HepG2, A549, and MCF-7 human cell lines. Compound 9 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the HepG2, A549, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 32.39 ± 1.48 µM, 26.06 ± 1.14 µM, and 31.44 ± 1.94 µM, respectively, which was similar to the positive drug cisplatin (with IC50 values of 32.55 ± 1.76 µM, 18.40 ± 1.43 µM, and 27.31 ± 1.22 µM, respectively).

Material basis and core chemical structure of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides against colitis-associated cancer based on anti-inflammatory activity.

It has been claimed that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (PSs) can degrade into oligosaccharide and then transform into short-chain fatty acids in the intestine after oral administration, and play an anti-colitis-associated cancer (CAC) effect by inhibiting intestinal inflammation. However, the material basis and core chemical structure underlying the anti-colon cancer properties of PSs have not yet been elucidated. In this study, PSs were degraded into enzymatic oligosaccharides (OSs) using ß-mannanase. The results of in vivo experiments revealed that PSs and OSs administered by gastric lavage had similar antitumor effects in CAC mice. OS-1 (Oligosaccharide compounds 1) and OS-2 (Oligosaccharide compounds 2) were further purified and characterized from OSs, and it was found that OS-1, OS-2, OSs, and PSs had similar and consistent anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Chemical structure comparison and evaluation revealed that the chemical structure of ß-D-Manp-(1 â†’ 4)-ß-D-Glcp corresponding to OS-1 was the least common PS structure with anti-colitic activity. Therefore, our findings suggest that OSs are the material basis for PSs to exert anti-CAC activity and that the chemical structure of ß-D-Manp-(1 â†’ 4)-ß-D-Glcp corresponding to OS-1 is the core chemical structure of PSs against CAC.

Serum and colon metabolomics study reveals the anti-ulcerative colitis effect of Croton crassifolius Geisel.

BACKGROUND: Croton crassifolius Geisel (CCG, also known as Ji-Gu-Xiang in Traditional Chinese Medicine), is traditionally prescribed for the therapy of rheumatic arthritis and gastrointestinal ulcer. However, the effect of CCG on ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of CCG extract against UC by colonic and serum metabolomics. METHODS: In order to standardize the CCG extract, UPLC-QTOF-MS was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the representative terpenoids. C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), mesalazine (100 mg•kg-1), CCG extract (150 and 600 mg•kg-1) groups. The mice were provided 3% DSS dissolved in distilled water ad libitum for 7 days except control group. Weight change, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths and expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 in colonic tissue were determined. Serum and colon metabolomics using UPLC-QTOF-MS technology coupled with multivariate data analysis were performed to reveal the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: Thirty-five terpenoids in CCG were identified by fingerprint, in which ten representative terpenes were quantified. CCG could relieve the weight loss, the degree of bloody stool and ulcer of colon, as well as significantly lowering the expression level of iNOS and COX-2. Metabolomics analysis showed that 25 biomarkers were obviously interfered by CCG treatment and 16 of them were highly correlated with the efficacy of CCG. The analysis of metabolic pathway showed that the anti-UC effect of CCG was associated with the regulation on linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipids metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: The oral administration of CCG significantly alleviated DSS-induced UC symptoms by reducing inflammation and rectifying the metabolic disorder. CCG may provide a new strategy for the management of UC.

Butyrolactone and sesquiterpene derivatives as inhibitors of iNOS from the roots of Lindera glauca.

Nine previously undescribed butyrolactone and sesquiterpene derivatives, named cyclopentanone A (1), subamolides F and G (2 and 3), secosubamolide F (4), rupestonic acids J - L (5-7), linderaguaianols A and B (8 and 9), together with six known ones 10-15 were isolated from the roots of Lindera glauca. Their structures, including their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and Mo2(AcO)4-induced circular dichroism. Compound 1 that possessed a unique five-membered cyclopentane skeleton with a side chain was rarely found from natural sources. The biogenetic pathway for 1-4 was postulated. Secosubamolide F (4) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 1.73 ± 0.18 µM and also significantly suppressed the production of iNOS. The binding interactions between 4 and iNOS were investigated using docking analyses.

Furanasperterpenes A and B, two meroterpenoids with a novel 6/6/6/6/5 ring system from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1.

Furanasperterpenes A (1) and B (2) with a novel 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton and a new 11-acetoxy-terretonin E (3), were isolated from the marine-derived Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. A possible biogenetic pathway was proposed. These compounds were evaluated for their lipid-lowering effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furanasperterpene A (1) showed the equivalent activity in reducing TG levels to positive control (berberine) at the concentration of 5 µM.

New polyketides and diterpenoid derivatives from the fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum GZU-XW03-2 and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new compounds, named penisclerotiorin A (1) and diaporthein C (8), and a new natural product, penidepsidone A (4), together with five known compounds (2, 3, 5-7) were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum GZU-XW03-2. Their structures were assigned using spectroscopic methods, quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Penisclerotiorin A (1) that belongs to the highly oxidized diphenyl ether is rare found in natural sources, and it was the sixth example of highly oxidized diphenyl ether analogues in natural sources. Penidepsidone A (4) is a new natural product and no any NMR spectral data were reported to date, in this paper, we firstly used the NMR calculations to confirm the intact structure by comparison of the experimental NMR data. Diaporthein C (8) represents the third example of pimarane diterpenes bearing a double bond at C-8 and C-9. In the bioassays, all of the isolates (1-8) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cells (RAW 264.7 cells). Compounds 2, 3 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects than the positive control (indomethacin, IC50, 24.0 µM) with IC50 values of 11.52, 8.13 and 21.27 µM, respectively.

UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics revealed the lipid-lowering effect of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex on high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ilicis Rotundae Cortex (IRC), a Chinese crude drug, has been widely utilized in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces of China to treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF STUDY: This investigation aims to study the lipid-lowering effect of IRC, as well as the regulating effect on the endogenous metabolites in hyperlipidemia rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia rats were administrated with different doses of IRC extract (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Simvastatin was used as the positive control. Body weight, serum lipid levels and histopathology of liver were evaluated. The metabolic profiles of plasma, urine and cecum content were analyzed using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis. RESULTS: The levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, AST and ALT were significantly decreased and HDL-C level was increased in IRC treatment groups. The hepatic histomorphology was partially restored. 23, 26 and 15 metabolites in plasma, urine and cecum content were determined as the biological biomarkers, respectively. IRC extract could partially recover the disturbed metabolic pathways of bile acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, sphingolipid metabolism and riboflavin metabolism. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that IRC could effectively improve the serum lipids and partially restore the hepatic histomorphology. The underlying metabolic mechanism mainly included improving the metabolism of bile acids, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, fatty acid and amino acid. This is the first study on the lipid-lowering effect of IRC from the perspective of metabolomics.

Aspermeroterpenes A-C: Three Meroterpenoids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1.

Aspermeroterpene A (1) with an unprecedented and highly congested 5/3/6/6/6/5 hexacyclic skeleton, together with two precursors aspermeroterpenes B (2) and C (3), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1. Their structures were elucidated by quantum chemical calculations, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic methods. The biogenetic pathway for 1-3 is proposed. Aspermeroterpenes A-C (1-3) showed significant inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells compared to positive control.

Pseudoguaianelactones A-C: three unusual sesquiterpenoids from Lindera glauca with anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2.

The pseudoguaianelactones A (1) and B (2), two novel sesquiterpene lactones with an unprecedented [5,7,7] ring system featuring an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, together with a new pseudoguaianelactone C (3) were isolated from the roots of Lindera glauca. Pseudoguaianelactones A-C (1-3) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, with IC50 values ranging from 1.38 to 4.00 µM. Moreover, all compounds significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß and PGE2) and the protein expression of the enzymes iNOS and COX-2.

Effects of Gut Microbiota and Ingredient-Ingredient Interaction on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Rotundic Acid and Pedunculoside.

Rotundic acid and pedunculoside are the most abundant constituents in Ilicis Rotundae Cortex, and possess lipid-lowering activity. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic interactions of rotundic acid with pedunculoside and other ingredients from Ilicis Rotundae Cortex with rotundic acid and pedunculoside, and preliminarily investigated the effects of gut microbiota on their pharmacokinetics using a pseudo-germ-free rat model. After a single oral administration of each monomer, a monomer mixture, and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex extract to the conventional and pseudo-germ-free rats, rotundic acid and pedunculoside were quantified in plasma by an UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The systemic exposure (maximum plasma concentration and area under concentration-time curve) of two analytes in conventional rats were increased in an approximately dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of rotundic acid and pedunculoside in the forms of a monomer mixture and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex extract to the conventional rats significantly decreased the systemic exposure compared with the monomer groups, which demonstrated the existence of significant pharmacokinetic interactions. The pseudo-germ-free rats were prepared by nonabsorbable antibiotic treatment, and the systemic exposure of two analytes were significantly decreased and most of the "time to reach the maximum" values were delayed in comparison to conventional rats, therefore gut microbiota might serve as an efficient absorption promoter. These results provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of the two bioactive constituents and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex.

Cytochalasins and polyketides from the fungus Diaporthe sp. GZU-1021 and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Four new compounds: diaporthichalasins A-C (1-3) and biatriosporin N (7), along with six known compounds (4-6 and 8-10) were separated from the culture of the fungus Diaporthe sp. GZU-1021. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by quantum chemical calculations, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic analysis. The structure of 4 was analyzed by X-ray crystallography analysis for the first time. All of the isolates were evaluated on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cells (RAW 264.7 cells). Compounds 5-10 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against nitric oxide production with IC50 values from 1.94 to 16.5 µM than positive control (indomethacin, IC50 = 29.7 µM). This is the first time tetrahydroxanthone dimer (10), as a novel carbon skeleton possessing NO inhibitory activity, was reported.

Caesalminaxins O-T, cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax and their anti-inflammation.

Six previously undescribed cassane diterpenoids, named caesalminaxins O-T (1-6), together with 28 known compounds (7-34), were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance. Their structures, including their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Among the undescribed diterpenoids, compound 6 that possessed an unusual enol group at C-7 with a highly deshielded 1H NMR signal was the first example in cassane diterpenoids. All of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-activated NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 16 showed moderate inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 17.3 µM, which was more potent than the positive control (indomethacin, IC50 = 29.7 µM).

The therapeutic effect of Ilex pubescens extract on blood stasis model rats according to serum metabolomics.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn (MDQ), a traditional Chinese herb, is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the preventive effect of MDQ on blood stasis remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, serum metabolomics integrated with a biochemical assay strategy were established to evaluate the preventive effect and mechanism of action of MDQ on rats with acute blood stasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine rats were divided into seven groups: the control group, model group, aspirin treatment group (30 mg/kg), clopidogrel treatment group (8 mg/kg) and three MDQ treatment groups (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). A hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF/MS) coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied for profiling the serum metabolites. The multivariate data analysis techniques using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for pattern recognition and distinguishing variabilities among groups. RESULTS: MDQ protected the rats against blood stasis, as evidenced by the restoration of the anti-platelet aggregation activity, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endothelin, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α. The combination of PCA and OPLS-DA revealed deviations in eighteen differential biomarkers in serum. The identified biomarkers were primarily engaged in the metabolic pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis and bile acid biosynthesis. The levels of eleven biomarkers showed significant alterations and a tendency to be restored to normal values in MDQ-treated blood stasis rats. Moreover, a correlation network diagram was constructed to show the serum biomarkers perturbed by MDQ. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that MDQ had preventive effects on blood stasis in rats via arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Rapid profiling and pharmacokinetic studies of multiple potential bioactive triterpenoids in rat plasma using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS after oral administration of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex extract.

Triterpenoids, the major bioactive ingredients of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex, contributes a significant cardiovascular protection activity. Although many studies about the total saponins have been reported, the absorption triterpenoids and pharmacokinetic behaviors were unclear. Thus, the present study aims to comprehensive elucidate the absorption triterpenoids and their pharmacokinetics in rats after oral administration the crude extract using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. A total of forty-two triterpenoids were successfully characterized from the rat plasma, and thirty-two of them were validated by the reference substances, while the others were tentatively identified based on the mass spectral fragmental patterns. Furthermore, the plasma concentrations of six absorption bioactive triterpenoids (rotundinoside C, ilexoside O, pedunculoside, rotundic acid, rotundanonic acid and ilexgenin A) were simultaneously quantified by selected reaction monitoring in negative ionization mode. All analytes exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficients values greater than 0.99 and the LLOQ ranged from 1.2 to 3.2 ng/mL, and method validation for selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were reckoned acceptable. The results were successfully applied for the multiple-component pharmacokinetic study of the six bioactive triterpenoids.

A facile and selective approach to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS for the quality control of Ilex rotunda.

Ilex rotunda, in which triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids are major bioactive constituents, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, a validated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously identify and quantify the triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids in the stem bark, fruit, leaves, roots and stem xylem of this herbal medicine. A total of seventy triterpenoids and twelve phenylpropanoids were identified with the assistance of the modified mass defect filter and key product ion filter data processing strategies, and forty-eight of them were confirmed by reference substances. Meanwhile, the contents of twelve triterpenoids and three phenylpropanoids in the five plant parts were determined with good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9993), precision (RSD ≤ 2.04%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 1.99%), stability (RSD ≤ 1.88%) and recovery (96.65-103.17% and RSD ≤ 3.54%). Furthermore, PCA and OPLS-DA methods were employed to visualize the relationships and discrimination of the forty-two stem bark samples from two origins based on the contents of fifteen analytes. Our findings may provide early scientific evidence for quality control and for elucidating the therapeutic principle of Ilex rotunda.

[Study on ecological environment and accompanying plants' community characteristics study of wild Panax japonicus in Enshi].

The paper is aimed to study the distribution, population density, soil conditions and community characteristics of accompanying plants' in Enshi sub-regional different areas, with a typical habitats investigation method. The results showed that the wild Panax japonicus mainly distributed in moist places under the forests, by streams, or secondary forests of high grass, within east longitude 29°-30°, north latitude 108°-110°and about 1 000-15 00 meters above sea level. The soils were mainly tide soil and humus with yellow-brown soil, yellow soil and red soil, and the humus thickness was5-30 centimeter, pH 6.0-6.8, the moisture content of 16.8%-24.2%, soil bulk density of 1.39-2.12. Its geographical vegetation types were mainly evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen-deciduous mixture broad leaved forest and evergreen coniferous forest mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest, including three levels community structure of arbors, shrubs and herbaceous; Its accompanying plants reached 86 families, 118 genera, 134 species of seed plants, the arbors included 15 families, 21 genera, 26 species and the dominant species community mainly Pinaceae such as Pinus massoniana, P. tabuliformis, P. henryi and Taxodiaceae such as Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria fortunei etc. The shrubs included 39 families, 54 genera, 62 species with the dominant species such as Camellia oleifera, Kalopanax septemlobus, Akebia trifoliata, Trachycarpusfortunei, Rhamnus globosa, Smilax corbularia and so on. The herbaceous included 32 families, 43 genera, 46 species, and Ferns such as the black-footed Dryopteris, Dryopteris crassirhizom, Coniogramme affinis, Polystichum tripteron, Adiantum pedatum, Lunathyrium acrostichoides, Woodsia ilvensis and Woodwardia japonica were dominant species. The cover layer covered a large number of lichens and mosses. The wild P. japonicus can be found among the P. massoniana, P. tabuliformis, P. henryi, lichens and mosses. These may indicate that the wild P. japonicusin Enshi requires higher demands on the ecological environment, its accompanying plants are mainly the tree layer-shrub layer-herb layer, and vertical structure is obvious. The study provides a basis for domestication and conservation of P. japonicus resources.

catena-Poly[[diaquacadmium(II)]bis-(µ-pyridine-3-sulfonato)-κN:O;κO:N].

In the title polymeric complex, [Cd(C(5)H(4)NO(3)S)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Cd atom is located on a centre of inversion and is coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms, derived from four different pyridine-3-sulfonate ligands, and two O atoms derived from two water mol-ecules, forming a distorted trans-N(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The topology of the polymer is a one-dimensional chain mediated by bridging pyridine-3-sulfonate anions. These are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via hydrogen bonds.

catena-Poly[[diaqua-manganese(II)]-di-µ-pyridine-3-sulfonato-κN:O;κO:N].

In the title polymeric complex, [Mn(C(5)H(4)NO(3)S)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Mn atom is located on a centre of inversion and is coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms derived from four different pyridine-3-sulfonate (pySO(3)) ligands, and two O atoms derived from two water mol-ecules in a distorted trans-N(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The metal atoms are bridged by the pySO(3) ligands to form a one-dimensional chain. The chains are further connected into a three-dimensional architecture via hydrogen bonds.

Poly[[µ(3)-3-(3-pyrid-yl)acrylato-κN:O:O'][µ(2)-3-(3-pyrid-yl)acrylato-κO,O':O][µ(2)-3-(3-pyrid-yl)acrylato-κO:O')]gadolinium(III)].

In the title compound, [Gd(C(8)H(6)NO(2))(3)](n), the Gd(III) ion is in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment formed by seven O atoms and one N atom, derived from seven different 3-(3-pyrid-yl)acrylate (3-PYA) ligands. Gd(III) ions are bridged by bidentate and tridentate 3-PYA ligands, resulting in a two-dimensional structure.