Pronóstico de pacientes nonagenarios ingresados por fracaso renal agudo / Prognosis of in hospital nonagenarians with acute kidney injury

Fundamento: El desarrollo de un fracaso renal agudo(FRA, definido siguiendo las guías KDIGO) durante unahospitalización en pacientes nonagenarios ha sido pocoestudiado. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar lamortalidad en pacientes nonagenarios hospitalizados quedesarrollan un FRA. Métodos: Se recogieron todos los pacientes nonagenariosque desarrollaron FRA durante el ingreso hospitalarioentre 2013 y 2014. Basalmente, se recogieron variablesepidemiológicas, comorbilidades y, durante el ingreso, variables analíticas y mortalidad. Se analizaron las variablesasociadas a mortalidad durante el episodio de FRA y lospredictores independientes mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 264 pacientes nonagenarioscon FRA. La edad media fue 93±3 años, siendo 73 (27,7 %)varones. Durante la hospitalización fallecieron 79 pacientes (29,9 %). Las comorbilidades asociadas a mortalidadfueron la insuficiencia cardiaca (p = 0,018), la disfuncióndiastólica (p = 0,042) y un mayor nivel o grado de dependencia (p = 0,003). Las variables clínicas en el momentodel ingreso que se asociaron a mortalidad fueron presiónarterial sistólica y diastólica más baja (p = 0,016 y 0,013,respectivamente), leucocitosis (p = 0,003), mayor severidad del FRA valorado por AKIN (p = 0,003) y valor deácido L- láctico más alto (p = 0,005). Los predictores independientes de mortalidad fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca(OR = 2,31; IC95%: 1,07-5,00; p = 0,036), la dependencia valorada por el índice de Barthel modificado (OR = 0,80; IC95%:0,67-0,97; p < 0,016) y el L- láctico al ingreso (OR = 1,31;IC95%: 1,06-1,61; p = 0,005). Conclusión: La insuficiencia cardiaca, el nivel de dependencia y el ácido L- láctico al ingreso son predictores independientes de mortalidad en pacientes nonagenarioshospitalizados con FRA.(AU)

Background:Ñ There has been little in the way of studyof nonagenarians with acute kidney injury (AKI, definedin lines with KDIGO guidelines), but the rise in their lifeexpectancy makes further study of this population necessary. The aim of this study is to assess mortality in nonagenarians with AKI during hospitalization. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with AKIduring hospitalization between 2013-2014 were included.At baseline, epidemiological variables, comorbidities andtreatments were collected. Analytics and mortality werestudied during hospitalisation. Univariate analysis wascarried out to evaluate mortalityssociated variables.A logistic regression analysis was carried out to demonstrate independent predictors for mortality. Results: Two hundred and sixty four nonagenarian patients were included. Mean age was 93±3 years, 73 (27.7 %)of whom were men. During hospitalization, 79 patients(29.9 %) died. Comorbidities related to mortality werehistory of heart failure (p = 0.018), diastolic dysfunction(p < 0.042) and higher dependence according to the modified Barthel index (p = 0.003). The clinical variables related to mortality at hospital admission were lower systolic(p = 0.016) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.013), higherwhite blood cell count (p = 0.003), greater severity of AKI(p = 0.003) and L- lactic (p = 0.005). In an adjusted multivariate analysis, history of heart failure (OR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.07-5.00, p = 0.036), dependence according to the Barthelindex (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97, p = 0.016) and L- lacticacid (OR = 1.31, 95%IC: 1.06-1.61, p = 0.005) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Heart failure, dependence according to theBarthel index and L- lactic acid at admission are independent predictors of mortality in nonagenarians hospitalizedwith AKI.

[Prognosis of in hospital nonagenarians with acute kidney injury].

BACKGROUND: There has been little in the way of study of nonagenarians with acute kidney injury (AKI, defined in lines with KDIGO guidelines), but the rise in their life expectancy makes further study of this population necessary. The aim of this study is to assess mortality in nonagenarians with AKI during hospitalization. METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients with AKI during hospitalization between 2013-2014 were included. At baseline, epidemiological variables, comorbidities and treatments were collected. Analytics and mortality were studied during hospitalisation. Univariate analysis was carried out to evaluate mortality-associated variables. A logistic regres-sion analysis was carried out to demonstrate independent predictors for mortality. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-four nonagenarian patients were included. Mean age was 93±3 years, 73 (27.7?%) of whom were men. During hospitalization, 79 patients (29.9?%) died. Comorbidities related to mortality were history of heart failure (p?=?0.018), diastolic dysfunction (p?

Complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes críticos por SARS-CoV-2 / Neurological complications in critical patients with COVID-19

INTRODUCCIÓN: Nos proponemos analizar las complicaciones neurológicas de los pacientes con infección grave por SARS-CoV-2 que han requerido ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, observacional, de pacientes consecutivos ingresados en UCI por infección respiratoria grave por SARS-CoV-2 desde el 1 de abril hasta el 1 de junio de 2020. RESULTADOS: Registramos 30 pacientes con síntomas neurológicos, 21 hombres (72,40%), edad media: 57,41 años ± 11,61 desviación estándar (DE). Estancia media en UCI: 18,83 ± 14,33 DE. A nivel sindrómico: 28 pacientes (93,33%) con síndrome confusional agudo, 15 (50%) con patología neuromuscular, 5 (16,66%) con cefalea, 4 (13,33%) con patología cerebrovascular y 4 (13,33%) con encefalopatías/encefalitis. Punción lumbar normal en 6 pacientes (20%). La RMN craneal o TAC craneal mostró alteraciones en 20 casos (66,6%). Se realizó EEG en todos los pacientes (100%), alterado en 8 pacientes (26,66%). En 5 de los 15 pacientes con miopatía clínica se ha podido confirmar con ENMG. Hemos encontrado relación entre la mayor edad y los días de ingreso en UCI (p = 0,002; IC95%: 4,032-6,022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONES: La infección grave por COVID-19 afecta mayoritariamente a hombres, similar a lo descrito en otras series. La mitad de nuestros pacientes presenta una miopatía aguda, y casi la totalidad de los pacientes salen de la UCI con síndromes confusionales agudos que evolucionan a una resolución completa, sin correlacionarse con los resultados del EEG o de pruebas de neuroimagen. La mayor edad se asocia con un mayor número de días de estancia en UCI

INTRODUCTION: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. RESULTS: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P = .002; 95%CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay

Neurological complications in critical patients with COVID-19. / Complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes críticos por SARS-CoV-2.

INTRODUCTION: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. RESULTS: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P=.002; 95%CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay.

[Neurological complications in critical patients with COVID-19]. / Complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes críticos por SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. Results: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P = .002; 95% CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay.

Safety and Efficacy of Prolonged Use of Dalbavancin in Bone and Joint Infections.

Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with potent activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, a long half-life, a favorable safety profile, and a high concentration in bone, which makes it an interesting alternative for treatment of osteoarticular infections. We performed a multicentric retrospective study of all patients with an osteoarticular infection (septic arthritis, spondylodiscitis, osteomyelitis, or orthopedic implant-related infection) treated with at least one dose of dalbavancin between 2016 and 2017 in 30 institutions in Spain. In order to evaluate the response, patients with or without an orthopedic implant were separated. A total of 64 patients were included. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent microorganisms. The reasons for switching to dalbavancin were simplification (53.1%), adverse events (25%), or failure (21.9%). There were 7 adverse events, and no patient had to discontinue dalbavancin. In 45 cases, infection was related to an orthopedic implant. The implant material was retained in 23 cases, including that in 15 (65.2%) patients that were classified as cured and 8 (34.8%) that presented improvement. In 21 cases, the implants were removed, including those in 16 (76.2%) cases that were considered successes, 4 (19%) cases were considered improved, and 1 (4.8%) case that was considered a failure. Among the 19 cases without implants, 14 (73.7%) were considered cured, 3 (15.8%) were considered improved, and 2 (10.5%) were considered failures. The results show that dalbavancin is a well-tolerated antibiotic, even when >2 doses are administered, and is associated with a high cure rate. These are preliminary data with a short follow-up; therefore, it is necessary to gain more experience and, in the future, to establish the most appropriate dose and frequency.

Diabetes mellitus mortality in Spanish cities: Trends and geographical inequalities.

AIM: To analyze the geographical pattern of diabetes mellitus (DM) mortality and its association with socioeconomic factors in 26 Spanish cities. METHODS: We conducted an ecological study of DM mortality trends with two cross-sectional cuts (1996-2001; 2002-2007) using census tract (CT) as the unit of analysis. Smoothed standardized mortality rates (sSMR) were calculated using Bayesian models, and a socioeconomic deprivation score was calculated for each CT. RESULTS: In total, 27,757 deaths by DM were recorded, with higher mortality rates observed in men and in the period 1996-2001. For men, a significant association between CT deprivation score and DM mortality was observed in 6 cities in the first study period and in 7 cities in the second period. The highest relative risk was observed in Pamplona (RR, 5.13; 95% credible interval (95%CI), 1.32-15.16). For women, a significant association between CT deprivation score and DM mortality was observed in 13 cities in the first period and 8 in the second. The strongest association was observed in San Sebastián (RR, 3.44; 95%CI, 1.25-7.36). DM mortality remained stable in the majority of cities, although a marked decrease was observed in some cities, including Madrid (RR, 0.67 and 0.64 for men and women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate clear inequalities in DM mortality in Spain. These inequalities remained constant over time are were more marked in women. Detection of high-risk areas is crucial for the implementation of specific interventions.

[Utility of anaerobic blood cultures in extra-hospitalary bacteremias]. / Utilidad de los medios de crecimiento para anaerobios en las bacteriemias de origen extrahospitalario.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rentability of anaerobic hemocultures with aerobic cultures in patients suffering bacteremia, trying to analyze the rentability of anaerobic cultures. METHODS: There were analyzed all the hemocultures taken by medical decision for one month. There were taken three extractions by patient in different venopunctures points. In each extraction was taken 10 ml (5 ml in aerobic bottle, and 5 ml in anaerobic bottle). There were compared microorganism isolated in aerobic bottles and anaerobic bottles. Three physician analyzed all the clinical dates of the patients with positive hemocultures and classified them as negatives, contaminants and significant. RESULTS: There were taken hemocultures of 180 patients. There were analyzed 152 hemocultures groups (3 extractions aerobic-anaerobic), without studying 28 owe to not following the study protocol 24 (13.3%) or because of not possibility of studying clinical story 4 (2.2%). Aerobic extractions: Negatives 91 (59.86%), contaminants 36 (23.68%), significant with or without contaminant 25 (16.44%). Anaerobic extractions: Negatives 127 (83.5%), contaminants 2 (1.31%); significant with or without contaminant 23 (15.13%). There are 6 (8.6%) significant positive isolated in anaerobic bottles, that were negative in aerobic bottles, and are: 3 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, 1 Peptostreptococcus sp, 1 Bacteroides sp, and over the total significant isolated (31) are the 19.35%. Both anaerobic bacteremias were clinically suspected. Contaminant microorganism more frequently isolated in aerobic bottles was Staphylococcus sp, 25 cases (69.44% of all contaminants). Significant microorganism more frequently isolated was E. coli (in anaerobic bottles too) in 12 cases (38.70%) of all significant isolated, following by Streptococcus pneumoniae with 4 cases (12.9%). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend collection of one aerobic and one anaerobic blood culture bottle per blood culture set because the global rentability of hemocultures is increased significantly.

Utilidad de los medios de crecimiento para anaerobios en las bacteriemias de origen extrahospitalario / Utility of anaerobic blood cultures in extrahospitalary bacteremias

Objetivo: Comparar rentabilidad de extracción de hemocultivos en medios para aerobios frente a anaerobios en bacteriemias diagnosticadas en urgencias, con intención de valorar la utilidad de los medios de cultivo para anaerobios. Metodología: Durante un mes se realizaron hemocultivos a todos los pacientes que por criterio médico lo precisaban. Tres extracciones por sujeto en sitios de venopunción diferentes. En cada extracción se obtenían 10 ml (distribuidos en 5 ml para frasco aerobios, 5 ml para frasco de aerobios). Posteriormente se compararon los frascos de aerobios frente a anaerobios. Se valoraron por tres clínicos todas las historias de los pacientes con hemocultivo positivo, clasificándolos como negativos, contaminantes o significativos. Resultados: Se obtuvieron hemocultivos de un total de 180 pacientes. Se analizaron 152 grupos de hemocultivos (3 extracciones aerobiosanaerobios), sin valorarse los 28 restantes por no seguir el protocolo de estudio 24 (13,3 por ciento); o por no haber podido analizar la historia clínica 4 (2,2 por ciento). Grupo de tres extracciones sólo aerobios: Negativos 91 (59,86 por ciento), contaminantes 36 (23,68 por ciento), verdadero positivo en por lo menos una de las tres con o sin contaminante 25 (16,44 por ciento). Grupo de tres extracciones sólo anaerobios: Negativos 127 (83,5 por ciento), contaminantes 2 (1,31 por ciento) ; verdadero positivo en por lo menos una de las tres con o sin contaminante 23 (15,13 por ciento). Existen 6 casos (8.6 por ciento) de verdaderos positivos en frasco de anaerobios que han sido negativos en los frascos de aerobios y que corresponden a los siguientes gérmenes: 3 E. coli; 1 K. pneumoniae; 1 Peptostreptococcus sp; 1 Bacteroides sp y sobre el total de verdaderos positivos (31) suponen el 19,35 por ciento. Las dos bacteriemias por anaerobios, fueron sospechadas clínicamente. El germen que con más frecuencia fue contaminante en medio de crecimiento para aerobios, es el Staphylococcus sp coagulasa negativo, 25 asos (69,44 por ciento de todos los contaminantes).El germen productor de bacteriemia verdadera más frecuente fue el E. coli (también en anaerobios) con 12 casos (38,70 por ciento de todas las verdaderas bacteriemias), seguido del Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 casos (12,90 por ciento).Conclusiones: Nuestra recomendación es mantener los cultivos en frascos de anaerobios en las sospechas de bacteriemia puesto que la rentabilidad global de los hemocultivos aumenta de forma significativa (AU)

Linfocitopenia T CD4+ idiopática asociada a criptococosis diseminada / Idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia associated with disseminated cryptococcosis

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Mamografía en el diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de mama en mujeres de 40-49 años con riesgo medio de padecer la enfermedad / Mammography in early diagnosis among women aged 40-49 years at average risk of breast cancer

El cribado periódico con mamografía en mujeres de 40 a 49 años con riesgo medio de cáncer de mama es un tema controvertido en el que no existe un acuerdo unánime. Estudios previos excluían esta prueba de los exámenes periódicos de salud con un grado D de recomendación. Se considera grado D de recomendación (según Task Force) cuando hay pocas evidencias para apoyar la recomendación de no considerar la inclusión de la prueba en el examen periódico de salud. Desde entonces han sido publicados numerosos estudios que pueden modificar este criterio. Con los datos disponibles en la actualidad no existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar la inclusión o exclusión del cribado con mamografía para el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de mama en los exámenes periódicos de salud en mujeres de 40 a 49 años con riesgo medio de cáncer de mama (AU)

Tratamiento del hombro doloroso; ¿antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) o infiltración? / Treatment of shoulder pain; non steroidal anti-inflam matory drug (NSAID) or intraarticular inyection?

En un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego sobre 100 pacientes vistos en una consulta de Reumatología se observó que, tras un seguimiento de 4 semanas, el tratamiento del hombro doloroso con triamcinolona infiltrada fue superior al naproxeno en cuanto a mejoría del dolor (p=0,04), pero no en la abducción activa y la limitación funcional (no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas).Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a las remisiones (AU)

[Evolution of mortality attributable to tobacco in the Canary Islands (1975-1994)]. / Evolución de la mortalidad atribuible al tabaco en las Islas Canarias (1975-1994).

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is that of describing the death rate attributable to tobacco on the Canary Islands throughout the 1975-1994 period. METHOD: Deaths by age, sex and cause from 1975 to 1994 were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (Natural Movement of Population). Based on the Spanish and Canary Island Health Surveys, the percentages of those who had never smoked, smokers and ex-smokers for the Canary Island population were taken by age and sex. The relative risks of death were taken from the Cancer Prevention Study II carried out in the United States. The percentages of deaths attributable to smoking were calculated for each year, sex and age group based on the attributable fraction of the population. Likewise, the trend in the death rate attributable for the time period in question was calculated and given in the form of the annual mean percentage change in the age-adjusted death rates by way of a log-linear model. RESULTS: During the 1975-1994 period, the number of deaths attributed to smoking rose by 64%. For major causes, a 108% increase in neoplasias, a 32% drop in cardiovascular diseases and a 15.5% increase in respiratory diseases were found for the period under study. The number of deaths was also found to increase with age, the 65 and over age group having been found to be that in which the most deaths caused by smoking occurred. CONCLUSIONS: On the Canary Islands, over 20% of all deaths in 1994 can be attributed to smoking. This suggests that the measures implemented to control the smoking habit are insufficient.

Respuesta inicial a esteroides de un linfoma no hodgkiniano pulmonar / Initial response to steroides in a case of pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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