[The content of rosette-forming neutrophils and lysozyme in patients with Q-fever].

The article deals with the results of study of 35 patients with Q-fever and 30 donors to determine the content of rosette-forming neutrophils, lysozyme activity of blood and saliva. On the second week of disease it was revealed the activation of compensative immune mechanisms and on third and fourth week inhibition of these mechanisms.

[The role and biological significance of toll-like receptors in the anti-infectious resistance of the organism].

Modem conceptions of the role of toll-like receptors (TLR) in the innante immunity mechanisms realization and data on the interaction between TLR and pattern-associated molecular proteins of microbial or endogenic origin are presented in the review.

[Influence of cytokine preparations on the in vitro resistance of bacteria to antibiotics].

Recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha and gamma-interferon were found in vitro to increase the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics both alone and in combination; alpha2-interferon decreased this sensitivity.

[Effect of the treatment of relapsing bronchitis in children with combined interferon preparations applicated by different methods].

The clinico-immunological effect and significance of the rectal and inhalation methods of the application of recombinant IFN-alpha2 with complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP) in the treatment of relapsing bronchitis in children have been determined. The determination of the levels of interferon activity in buccal secretions and in venous blood permits the objective evaluation of the immune responsiveness of the body and the treatment effect. The immunocorrecting action of the combined immunobiological preparation (recombinant IFN-alpha2 and CIP) is manifested by an increased level of endogenic interferon and the stimulation of phagocytic activity.

[Interferon therapy of infectious diseases: the state of the problem and prospects].

The data contained in literature and obtained in our own investigations, aimed at the evaluation of the significance of interferon preparations for the correction of immunological disturbances are presented. A special place is given to the role of mild medicinal forms of interferon, the necessity of their use is grounded and good prospects for their inclusion into the complex therapy of infectious diseases are shown.

[The pathogenetic role of the infection component in children with lymphadenopathy under modern conditions]. / Patogeneticheskaia rol' infektsionnogo komponenta pri limfadenopatiiakh u detei v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

Apart from lymphadenopathy types observed in well-known diseases (oncology and hematology pathologies, systemic lesions of connective tissues, tuberculosis, brucellosis, infection mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, AIDS and other specific processes), there is an extensive group of lymphadenopathy (up to 70% of all disease cases), whose cause cannot be diagnosed by using the routine examination schemes. This was reflected in the diagnosis of "lymphadenopathy of unverified etiology" according to the MKB-1 now in force. Investigations of the role (in etiopathogenesis) of unverified lymphadenopathy types as observed in children with the infection component as well as optimization of their diagnosis and treatment schemes are elucidated in the paper. It is substantiated, on the basis of published data and authors' independent research, that some of lymphadenopathy types of unverified etiology are related with such opportunistic infections, like clamidiosis, mycoplasmosis, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus infection. The above stated is, primarily, compatible with the tropicity of such infections' agents to the lymphoid tissue and/or with their possible lymphogenic spread as well as with polymorphism of clinical signs conditioned by the discussed infection agents.

[Interferon-based immunobiological preparations. An outlook of their use in the treatment of patients with infections]. / Interferonovye immunobiologicheskie preparaty. Perspektivy ikh primeneniia v lechenii infektsionnykh bol'nykh.

The paper contains the generalizing results of many-year research related with using various ready-made medication forms (RMF) of human genetic-engineering interferon-alpha 2 and of methods of its administration into the body. Extensive clinical materials were made use of to show convincingly that the most effective therapy for infectious diseases is ensured within a short time period and with a consequent long-term rehabilitation effect by using separate RMFs and methods of application of interferon-alpha 2, when their impact on the lesion focus is monitored by the parameters of the cellular-and-humoral chains of the general and local immunity. It is noteworthy, that a selection of RMF adequate for an actual nosologic form or of an administration method can reduce the medication dose of interferon-alpha 2 (thus, the incidence of complications to the drug goes down), it can also eliminate the influenza-like syndrome and production of autoantibodies related with the intramuscular administration of interferon-alpha 2, besides, it essentially prolongs the presence of interferon-alpha 2 in the body. It is important that the application of interferon-based preparations for infectious diseases can eliminate, in a number of cases, the use of antibiotics and other antibacterial drugs, it enhances the efficacy of antibacterial and antiviral therapy within a comprehensive treatment scheme, it contributes to a higher resistance of normal flora to the action of antibiotic and antibacterial drugs, and, finally, it arrests quicker the manifestations of dysbacterioses of various localizations.

[Specific biological features of opportunistic bacteria determining dysbacteriosis in the composition of the large intestine normal microflora]. / Osobennosti biologicheskikh svoistv uslovnopatogennykh bakterii, opredeliaiushchikh kharakter disbioticheskikh narushenii v sostave normal'noi mikroflory tolstoi kishki.

Dysbiotic manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract are widely spread. They are characterized by a prolonged, persistent course with the tendency to transition to the chronic form and poorly respond to corrective treatment. The occurrence of high concentrations is 70% for Klebsiella oxytoca, while for K. pneumoniae--within the limit of 30%. The most topical problem is colonization of the intestinal mucosa in children aged up to 1 year by Klebsiella, the seeded bacteria retaining their capacity for growth for up to 2-3 years despite the use of probiotics. As shown in this study, the occurrence of Klebsiella and the level of the antilysozyme and "antiinterferon" activity of these bacteria, their resistance to antimicrobial preparations increase, correlating with the level of dysbiotic disturbances.

[Age-dependent characteristics of intestinal microbiocenosis in Kemerovo residents]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti mikrobiotsenoza kishechnika u zhitelei g. Kemerovo.

In 873 residents of Kemerovo aged 1-60 years and older the microflora of the large intestine was studied. The study revealed that in all examined subjects dysbiotic changes in the composition of normal microflora were observed. More profound disturbances of microbiocenosis were found in children aged 1-2 years, in adolescents and in adults over 60 years of age.

[Formation of intestinal microflora in children during the first year of their life]. / Stanovlenie mikroflory kishechnika u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

In 525 young children the state of intestinal microbiocenosis was studied every month of the first year their life. The study revealed that the process of the microflora formation lasted throughout the first year of their life and was characterized by dysbiotic disturbances. During this period the aggravation of dysbiotic changes in the intestine of these children on months 3, 6-7 and 11-12 was of particular importance. The formation of stable dysbacteriosis led to a decrease in the immunological status of the child, which was manifested by the increased content of such microorganisms as hemolytic cocci, Proteus and a decrease in the quantitative level of bifidobacteria in the total intestinal microbiocenosis by the end of the first year of child's life.

[Cytokines in the immunorehabilitation of infectious patients]. / Tsitokiny v immunoreabilitatsii infektsionnykh bol'nykh.

For the first time in Russia the authors have defined an infectious process of Astrakhan rickettsiosis hemorrhagic fever attended by hyper- and hypoproduction of interferon g and its aftereffects. Reaferon and gammaferon therapy have proved to be very effective in fast normalisation of the immunology index. Enthalferon pills greatly reduced the morbidity rate in servicemen in rotaviral infections.

[Endogenous regulatory peptides, interferons and cytokines as adaptogens in exposure of the body to adverse environmental factors]. / Endogennye reguliatornye peptidy, interferony i tsitokiny kak adaptogeny pri vozdeistvii na organizm neblagopriiatnykh faktorov vneshnei sredy.

The authors summarize data on the efficacy of various prefabricated recombinant interferons against virus, bacterial, and chlamydial infections, and in unfavorable environments. The spaceflight factors were shown to have a negative influence on natural killers in the human body providing the immunological resistance and defence not only from foreign microorganisms but also the body cells transformed because of a virus infection or malignancy. Entalferon awakes a particular interest for its convenience in extreme conditions, space flight included. It is still an open issue whether the interferon sensitivity of natural killers is compromised by space flight. This trend of investigation seems to be of paramount importance and promise in the context of enhancing the antiviral, antimicrobic and antineoplastic immunity of cosmonauts.

[Study of antiinfectious potential of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha]. / Izucheniie antiinfekstionnogo potentiala rekombinantnogo faktora nekroza opukholi alpha.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was shown to have an antiinfectious effect on murine and rat models of viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. The effective antiinfectious dose of TNF was determined to be 10(2)-10(3) U/kg body weight. TNF, interferon, and antibiotics were demonstrated to potentiate the antibacterial effect of each. Clinical trials of TNF in the treatment of slowly progressive, latent, and chronic infections and in the emergency prevention of acute infections are advisable.

[Use of recombinant alpha2-interferon and a complex immunoglobulin preparation for the treatment of chlamydiosis in pregnancy women]. / Primenenie rekombinantnogo alpha2-interferona i kompleksnogo immunoglobulinovogo preparata pri lechenii khlamidioza u beremennykh.

The comparative study of the efficiency of using erythromycin and the combination of recombinant alpha 2-interferon with complex immunoglobulin preparation (CTP) for the treatment of chlamydiosis in pregnant women was made. 31 patients (group 1) received erythromycin orally in doses of 500 mg twice a day for 15-14 days. 30 other pregnant women were prescribed vaginal suppositories containing 300 mg. Of CTP, 2.0 x 10(6) I.U. of recombinant alpha 2-interferon and the intravaginal application of 15(2)-30 ml of solution containing the analogous amount of CTP and recombinant alpha 2-interferon. Immediately after treatment 7 patients with clinical signs of chlamydiosis were found in group 1 and 3 such patients, in group 2. In the pregnant women of group 1 the laboratory confirmation of chlamydial infection after treatment occurred 5.8 times more frequently than in the patients of group 2. In 7 women of group 1 vaginal candidiasis was diagnosed after treatment. In no case any side effects resulting from the proposed treatment were observed. Pathology caused by chlamydiae was shown to be absent in newborns and in parturient women who had received complex treatment for chlamydiosis.

[A comparative study of the information value of the immunofluorescence and immunochromatographic identification of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in smear material from the cervical canal and of the cytological picture of a vaginal discharge in pregnant women]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie informativnosti immunofliuorestsentnoi i immunokhromatograficheskoi identifikatsii antigenov Chlamydia trachomatis v soskobnom materiale iz tservikal'nogo kanala i tsitologicheskoi kartiny vaginal'nogo otdeliaemogo u beremennykh.

The cytological picture of the vaginal discharge and scrape material, obtained from 30 pregnant women of the control group (not infected with C.trachomatis) and 61 pregnant women with chlamydiosis; of these, in 42 women the comparative identification of chlamydiae by the methods of direct immunofluorescence and immunochromatography was carried out. Direct immunofluorescence was carried out with the use of a set of reagents "MicroTrak" (USA) and immunochromatographic identification was made with the use of a set of reagents "Clearview Chlamydia" (Britain). The comparison of the results of immunochromatography and direct immunofluorescence revealed that the sensitivity of the set "Clearview Chlamydia" was 100.0% in comparison with the data obtained in the examination of women with the use of the set "MicroTrak". The negative results coincided in 90.1% of cases. The common features of the cytological picture of vaginal samples taken from pregnant women were established. The optimum system of the examination of pregnant women suspected for chlamydiosis, as well as for the evaluation of the effectiveness of its treatment, was proposed.

[The use of "aluminal" stain in dermatology and venereology. I. Indication of protein fractions after disc electrophoresis]. / Primenenie krasitelia "Aliuminon" v dermatovenerologii. Soobshchenie 1. Indikatsiia belkovykh fraktsii posle disk-élektroforeza.

A new method for staining the electrophoregrams is described. After disk electrophoresis the gels are treated in a solution with 0.01-0.02% of aluminol stain, 0.0027-0.0108% of iron chloride (III), and 7% of acetic acid. The method has been employed in examinations of solid basalioma soluble proteins; the transferrin zone fraction has been virtually undetectable on the electrophoregram of this basalioma.