Comparison of implant-supported rehabilitation in smokers and non-smokers with conventional and short tuberosity implants: an evaluation of prosthetic, peri-implant, and cytokine profiles.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess periodontal parameters, radiographic (CBL), and prosthetic parameters along with levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in smokers undergoing rehabilitation using conventional implants and short tuberosity implants (STIs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The duration of the study was six months. A structured questionnaire was made to be filled out by all participants. The participants were included in the study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria for smokers and non-smokers with STIs. Peri-implant parameters were assessed based on peri-implant plaque index (PIPI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and peri-implant periodontal depth (PIPD) ≥4 mm. Collection of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and measurement of MMP-9 and IL-1ß was performed using ELISA. Data related to peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters were reported in mean and percentages. Pearson Chi-square test was employed for categorical data sets, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the comparison of means between groups. Bonferroni post hoc adjustment test was applied for multiple comparisons. Differences were found to be significant p<0.01 RESULTS: Among the four groups, one hundred participants were included. The mean age of participants in groups 1 (44±4.5 yrs) and 3 (44±2.1 yrs) showed no significant difference from participants in groups 2 (42±3.8 yrs) and 4 (43±3.5 yrs). The duration of the smoking habit in cigarette smokers with STIs was 22.7±1.4 yrs, and cigarette smokers with conventional implants were 23.8±1.9 yrs with a daily frequency of 11.2±2.5 in group 1 and 11.33±2.1 in group 3. The means for PIPI and PIPD were found to be significantly worse in cigarette smokers with STIs (PIPI 62.4±5.9; PIPD 5.3±2.1) and conventional implants (PIPI 63.3±6.1; PIPD 5.5±1.9) compared to non-smokers with STIs (PIPI 29.2±3.6; PIPD 3.1±0.1) and conventional implants (PIPI 28.1±3.4; PIPD 3.2±0.3). BoP was significantly higher in non-smokers compared to smokers with STIs (smokers 24.2±8.3; non-smokers 36.5±21.2) and conventional implants (smokers 21.6±7.4; non-smokers 38.4±24.1) (p<0.01). The level of IL-1ß (pg/ml) and the level of MMP-9 (ng/ml) were found to be significantly higher in cigarette smokers with STIs and conventional implants in comparison to non-smokers (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal (PIPI, PIPD, and BoP) along with radiographic (CBL) and prosthetic parameters were compromised in smokers compared to non-smokers. Patients with conventional implants and STI showed comparable clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic parameters among smokers. Utilization of dental services along with cessation programs should be encouraged for smokers.

[Redifferentiation and a karyotypic structural change in populations of tumorous rhabdomyoblasts proliferating in the anterior chamber of the eye]. / Redifferentsirovka i izmenenie kariotipicheskoi struktury populiatsii opukholevykh rabdomioblastov pri ikh proiferatsii v perednei kamere glaza.

A study was made of the transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma of mice M-62 during its transplantation after 15 passages simultaneously into the subcutaneous connective tissue and the eye anterior chamber (EAC), the latter being an immunologically advantageous site. The transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma cell populations, proliferating in EAC, are characterized by a higher differentiation level as compared with those proliferating in the subcutaneous connective tissue, the cells being taken from the same tumour, at the same passage. Morphologically it is expressed in the appearance of cytotypical (myofibrils in mononuclear tumour myoblasts) and histotypical (formation of myosymplasts) characters of differentiation. The increase in the intensity of differentiation correlates with changes in the ratios of M- and H-forms of LDH towards that which is characteristic of the definitive skeletal muscle tissue. A more intensive differentiation occurs on the background of changes in the karyotype structure of the populations of tumour myoblasts expressed in the increased share of diploid cells. An assumptions is made that the populations of tumour cells proliferating in EAC, i. e. under conditions of isolation from the immunological reactions of the organism, demonstrate changes towards normalization.