ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In peripheral artery disease (PAD), blockage of the blood supply to the limbs, most frequently the legs, leads to impaired blood flow and tissue ischemia. Pluristem's PLX-PAD cells are placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cells currently in clinical trials for the treatment of peripheral artery diseases. METHODS: In this work, the hind limb ischemia (HLI) mouse model was utilized to study the efficacy and mechanism of action of PLX-PAD cells. ELISA assays were performed to characterize and quantitate PLX-PAD secretions in vitro. RESULTS: PLX-PAD cells administered intramuscularly rescued blood flow to the lower limb after HLI induction in a dose-dependent manner. While rescue of blood flow was site-dependent, numerous administration regimes enabled rescue of blood flow, indicating a systemic effect mediated by PLX-PAD secretions. Live PLX-PAD cells were more efficacious than cell lysate in rescuing blood flow, indicating the importance of prolonged cytokine secretion for maximal blood flow recovery. In vitro studies showed a multifactorial secretion profile including numerous pro-angiogenic proteins; these are likely involved in the PLX-PAD mechanism of action. DISCUSSION: Live PLX-PAD cells were efficacious in rescuing blood flow after the induction of HLI in the mouse model in a dose- and site-dependent manner. The fact that various administration routes of PLX-PAD rescued blood flow indicates that the mechanism of action likely involves one of systemic secretions which promote angiogenesis. Taken together, the data support the further clinical testing of PLX-PAD cells for PAD indications.
