ABSTRACT
Based upon the revised Job Demands and Resources Model (2008) we aim first, to test the relations between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion across time and second, to determine the role of professional self-efficacy in this relation. A longitudinal study was conducted in two times, with a year of interval in a Spanish Army sample (n=242). To test the causal relations between work-family and emotional exhaustion three models are tested: normal causal, reversed causal, and causal reciprocal. To test the role of professional self-efficacy in the relation between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion four alternative models are tested: independence, antecedent, mediation, and independence plus antecedent models. Structural Equation Modeling results confirm the simultaneous reciprocal effects model as it fits the data better than the normal causal or the reverse causal models. This result suggests a spiral process, where work-family conflict predicts emotional exhaustion and at the same time emotional exhaustion increases work-family conflict. Likewise, this article contributes to clarifying the role of self-efficacy in the complex relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion (AU)
A partir del modelo revisado Demandas-Recursos Laborales (2008) este artículo pone a prueba dos objetivos: primero, analizar la relación entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el agotamiento emocional a través del tiempo y, segundo, identificar el papel de la autoeficacia profesional en esta relación. Se trata de un estudio longitudinal con dos recogidas de datos separados por un año en una muestra de militares españoles (n=242). Se ponen a prueba tres modelos sobre la relación longitudinal entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el cansancio emocional: el modelo causal normal, el modelo causal reverso y el modelo causal recíproco. A su vez, para probar el papel de la eficacia profesional en la relación entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el cansancio emocional se analizan cuatro modelos alternativos: modelo de independencia, modelo antecedente, modelo de mediación y modelo de independencia más antecedente. Aplicando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales los resultados confirman la hipótesis de que el modelo causal recíproco ajusta mejor que los modelos causal normal o reverso para dar cuenta de las relaciones entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y el agotamiento emocional a través del tiempo. Estos resultados sugieren un proceso de desarrollo en espiral de forma que el conflicto trabajo-familia predice el agotamiento emocional y, a su vez, el agotamiento emocional aumenta la percepción del conflicto trabajo-familia. Asimismo, el artículo contribuye a esclarecer el papel de la autoeficacia en la relación entre el estrés y el agotamiento emocional (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Family Conflict/psychology , Self Efficacy , Military Personnel/psychology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Work/psychology , Psychology, Industrial/methods , Psychology, Industrial/organization & administration , Workload/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Family RelationsABSTRACT
Los accidentes de trabajo constituyen un problema importante por sus graves consecuencias. Las cifras sobre los daños personales y los costes económicos justifican su estudio, sin embargo, diferentes razones (múltiples variables implicadas, mortandad experimental, dificultad de acceder a datos, etc.) explican que no sea atractivo para los investigadores. Aún así los estudios han aumentado en los últimos años, tanto en nuestro país como en los de nuestro contexto. La crisis económica ha agravado el problema al aumentar la precariedad del empleo. Este artículo recoge los principales resultados de dos proyectos de investigación llevados a cabo en el Dpto. de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones de la UNED sobre accidentabilidad laboral. El primero con soldados profesionales, y el segundo en dos sectores de especial peligrosidad, la construcción y la agricultura. Siguiendo clasificaciones previas que distinguen entre variables personales, del puesto de trabajo y de la organización, se revisan los principales modelos explicativos y los datos obtenidos. El artículo finaliza con una serie de recomendaciones prácticas para mejorar la investigación y la praxis en la prevención de accidentes
Work-related accidents are a problem of extreme importance due to their serious consequences. Available data on the level of personal injuries and on the economic cost of work accidents justify their study. However, the amount of variables involved, the difficulty of accessing data and "experimental mortality", among other reasons, may explain why this field is not a highly attractive one for researchers. Nevertheless, over the last few years, research studies related to this area have significantly increased not only in our country but also in neighbouring countries. The economic crisis has worsened this problem as employment has become more precarious. This article summarizes the principal results of two research projects carried out by the Social and Organizational Psychology Department of UNED on work-related accidents. The sample of the first study is made up of professional soldiers and the second, with workers from two especially dangerous sectors, construction and agriculture. Following previous classifications that distinguish between personal, job and organizational variables, we review the main models and data obtained. Several practical recommendations to improve the research in this field as well as the prevention of work-related accidents can be found at the end of this article
Subject(s)
Humans , 16359/analysis , 16360 , Occupational Risks , Accidents, Occupational , Psychosocial Impact , Military Personnel/psychology , Construction Industry , Agriculture , Risk-TakingABSTRACT
En los últimos 10 años se ha constatado un creciente interés por el estudio de la inmunidad innata, particularmente por el posible papel que los denominados receptores toll-like (TLR) pueden desempeñar en la patogenia de algunas enfermedades respiratorias, como, por ejemplo, el asma, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y las infecciones. Los TLR son una familia de proteínas transmembranarias de tipo I, responsables del reconocimiento de patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos (PAMP, de pathogen-associated molecular patterns), y expresados por un amplio espectro de agentes infecciosos. Este reconocimiento lleva a una rápida producción de citocinas y quimiocinas, lo que proporciona una respuesta adaptativa duradera contra el patógeno. En la actualidad se considera que la administración de fármacos que modulen, al alza o a la baja, la actividad de estos receptores puede suponer un gran avance terapéutico en el manejo de dichas enfermedades.El propósito de la presente revisión es describir los diferentes TLR, definir su posible papel en la patogenia de las principales enfermedades respiratorias y, finalmente, conjeturar las posibilidades terapéuticas que su modulación, agonista o antagonista, ofrece como posibles dianas terapéuticas(AU)
There has been growing interest in the last 10 years in the study of innate immunity, in particular because of the possible role that toll-like receptors (TLR) may play in the pathogenesis of some respiratory disease such as for example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections. TLR are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins, responsible for recognizing molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns), and expressed by a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This recognition leads to quick production of cytokines and chemokines which provides a long-lasting adaptive response to the pathogen. Currently, it is considered that the administration of drugs which modulate the activity of these receptors upwards or downwards may represent major therapeutic progress for handling these diseases.The aim of this review is to describe the different TLS, define their possible role in the pathogenesis of the main respiratory diseases and finally, speculate over the therapeutic possibilities which their modulation, agonist or antagonist, offers as possible therapeutic targets(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Immunity, Innate/physiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Toll-Like Receptor 2/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 2/physiology , Asthma/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 2/analysis , Toll-Like Receptor 2/biosynthesis , Toll-Like Receptor 2ABSTRACT
There has been growing interest in the last 10 years in the study of innate immunity, in particular because of the possible role that toll-like receptors (TLR) may play in the pathogenesis of some respiratory disease such as for example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections. TLR are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins, responsible for recognizing molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns), and expressed by a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This recognition leads to quick production of cytokines and chemokines which provides a long-lasting adaptive response to the pathogen. Currently, it is considered that the administration of drugs which modulate the activity of these receptors upwards or downwards may represent major therapeutic progress for handling these diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the different TLS, define their possible role in the pathogenesis of the main respiratory diseases and finally, speculate over the therapeutic possibilities which their modulation, agonist or antagonist, offers as possible therapeutic targets.
