Dostarlimab for the treatment of endometrium cancer and other solid tumors.

The use of monoclonal antibodies directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), widely extends to a large number of tumors such as melanoma, non-small cell lung, renal or lymphomas, among others. Some of them are already approved as first- or second-line treatment, as pembrolizumab, nivolumab or cemiplimab. Dostarlimab is an investigational humanized anti-PD-1 that is being developed both in monotherapy and as combination therapy, for gynecological tumors but also for lung cancer or melanoma. The preliminary results, particularly in endometrial cancer, show a high affinity against PD-1 with encouraging clinical activity. Here we summarize the development of this compound as well as the current preclinical and clinical data and potential future development.

The type of fat ingested at breakfast influences the plasma lipid profile of postmenopausal women.

To assess whether the type of fat ingested at breakfast can modify the plasma lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk variables in postmenopausal women at risk of cardiovascular disease, a longitudinal, randomized, and crossover study was carried out with postmenopausal women at risk of CVD. They were randomly assigned to eat each type of breakfast during one month: 6 study periods (breakfast with the same composition plus butter/margarine/virgin olive oil) separated by two washout periods. On the first and last days of each study period, weight, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index were recorded in fasting conditions and a blood sample was collected to measure plasma lipid profile. When comparing final values to baseline values, we only found out statistically significant differences on plasma lipid profiles. Butter-based breakfast increased total cholesterol and HDL, while margarine-based breakfast decreased total cholesterol and LDL and increased HDL. After the olive oil-based breakfast intake, a tendency towards a decrease of total cholesterol and LDL levels and an increase of HDL levels was observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in triglycerides levels, BMI, and arterial pressure in any breakfast type. The margarine-based breakfast was the only one which significantly increased the percentage of volunteers with optimal lipid profiles. The polyunsaturated fat at breakfast has improved the plasma lipid profile in the analyzed sample population, suggesting that PUFA-based breakfast can be advisable in women at risk of CVD.

Serum cytokine profile in Alzheimer's disease patients after ingestion of an antioxidant beverage.

The major neuropathologic hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) consist of neuronal cell loss in selected brain regions, as well as deposition of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Further to these lesions, neuroinflammation is a feature of AD pathology and is thought to contribute to the neurodegeneration. Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of the AD brain, with increased expression of acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The healthy properties of green tea and apple are linked closely to their content of phenolic compounds. Although the beneficial effects of these compounds are clear, relatively few studies have focused on their anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. The aim of the present study was to test whether daily consumption of a beverage with high antioxidant power combining extracts of green tea and apple over a period of eight months would affect biomarkers of inflammation in AD patients in initial phase, moderate phase and a control group. Administration of the antioxidant beverage (AB) to the three groups did not produce a significant change in serum levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. In contrast, AB decreased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (AD moderate phase vs control group at eight months), interferon-γ (control group vs AD moderate phase and AD initial phase vs placebo beverage at four months) and tumor necrosis factor-α (AD initial phase vs AD moderate phase at four months). AB was more effective against inflammation in the early period of AD, and could be used as a natural complementary therapy to alleviate or improve symptoms of inflammation in early stages of AD.

Effect of an antioxidant drink on homocysteine levels in Alzheimer's patients.

BACKGROUND: A large body of evidence supports a role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease (AD) and in cerebrovascular disease. Blood levels of homocysteine may be increased in AD and hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to disease pathophysiology by vascular and direct neurotoxic mechanisms. Even in the absence of vitamin deficiency, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration may be influenced by administration of polyphenols. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an antioxidant beverage rich in polyphenols on the plasmatic levels of tHcy in Alzheimer's patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial of polyphenols supplementation in 100 subjects (52 of control group, 24 AD patients in initial phase and 24 AD patients in moderate phase) (Mini-Mental State Examination scores between 14 and 26, inclusive). Fasting plasma concentrations of tHcy, folate and vitamin B(12) were measured before (Ti) and after (Tf) the ingestion of the beverage. The study was conducted at clinical research places of the Catholic University San Antonio and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca of Murcia (Spain). INTERVENTION: Participants of the three groups were randomly assigned to 2 groups of the same size: 50% treated with antioxidant beverage rich in polyphenols and 50% treated with an identical placebo beverage. Subjects consumed 1 brick (200 mL/day) of antioxidant drink or placebo drink for 8 months. RESULTS: Higher tHcy levels were observed in the AD moderate phase patients (Ti:12.65±1.21 µmol/L) than in the AD initial phase patients (Ti:9.13±1.24 µmol/L) and in the control group (Ti:9.86±0.77 µmol/L). Lower folate levels were observed in the AD moderate phase patients (Ti:8.20±1.29 ng/mL) than in the AD initial phase patients (Ti:9.41±1.56 ng/mL) and in the control group (Ti:12.32±0.67 ng/mL). Antioxidant drink vs placebo drink attenuated the tHcy increase in the control group (Tf values of 11.74±0.45 vs 15.63±1.79 µmol/L) and AD patients, especially in the moderate phase (Tf: 10.49±0.73 vs 16.58±2.73 µmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: The regular ingestion of polyphenols contained in an antioxidant beverage may decrease tHcy plasmatic concentrations in Alzheimer's patients.

Neumomediastino en niño de tres años en su primera crisis de broncospasmo / Pneumomediastinum in a three-year-old boy during his first episode of bronchial asthma

Se presenta el caso de un niño de tres años, sin antecedentes previos de asma, que padeció un neumomediastino en su primera crisis de broncos pasmo. El tratamiento fue conservador, con resolución del neumomediastino a las 24 horas

We report the case of a three-year-old boy, with no previous history of asthma, who developed pneumomediastinum during his first episode of bronchial asthma. It resolved in 24 hours with conservative treatment

Vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente en un caso de meningitis recurrente por neumococo / The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a case of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis

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[Peak expiratory flow rate in 4- to 15-year-old children. Comparison of 3 measuring models]. / Pico de flujo espiratorio en escolares de 4 a 15 años de edad. Comparación de tres modelos de medidor.

OBJECTIVE: a) To establish the possible differences between three different models of PEF-meter, including PF-Control for the first time; b) to build a normogram for each of the three models, as a function of different variables (age, height, and inspiratory and espiratory thoracic circumference); c) to search for differences between both sexes, and d) to study the mathematical correlation between the results yielded by the different models. METHODS: PEF was measured in a sample of 476 school-children, in the range of 4 and 15 years (233 boys, 243 girls), with a mean age of 9,3 years and a height range between 96,8 cm and 178,8 cm (mean 137,9). PEF value was recorded as the best of three attempts when the difference them was less than 10%. Three devices of each model were used (Vitalograph, Mini-Wright, PF-Control). The utilisation was always done in a rotatory fashion at school time (15-17 hours) in the children's school. RESULTS: We found significant differences between the three models (p < 0,0004). The best predictive variable for PEF is height, with an r = 0,90-0,92 (depending on the model) when the exponential model is considered. Independently of the device, there were significant differences between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: a) The variable that expresses PEF the better is height; b) PEF values are different between girls and boys; c) there were significant differences between the various models; d) Monitoring of a given child must be done with the same model of PEF-meter, and e) The best correlation is obtained with the exponential model, although differences with the lineal model were not statistically significant.

Pico de flujo espiratorio en escolares de 4 a 15 años de edad. Comparación de tres modelos de medidor / Peak espiratory flow rate in school-children 4-15 years old. Comparison between three different devices

OBJETIVO: a) Establecer las posibles diferencias entre tres modelos de medidor, incluyendo por vez primera el PF-Control; b) determinar el normograma del pico de flujo espiratorio (PEF) para cada modelo de medidor, en función de la edad, talla, perímetro torácico inspiratorio y espiratorio; c) establecer las posibles diferencias en razón del sexo, y d) estudiar la correlación matemática entre los resultados obtenidos con los distintos modelos de medidor. MÉTODOS: Se midió el PEF en una muestra de 476 escolares, de edades comprendidas entre 4 y 15 años (233 varones y 243 mujeres), con una media de 9,3 años. La talla menor fue 96,8 cm y la mayor 178,8 cm, con una media de 137,95 cm. Se consideró como valor de PEF al mejor de tres intentos, con una diferencia menor del 10 por ciento entre ellos. Se utilizaron 3 aparatos de cada modelo (Vitalograph, Mini-Wright, PF-Control). Su uso fue siempre rotatorio, y el horario de 15 a 17 horas, en el propio centro escolar. RESULTADOS: Existen diferencias significativas en razón del modelo de medidor. La variable que mejor se ajusta al PEF es la talla, con una r = 0,90-0,92 (según el modelo considerado) para el modelo exponencial. El factor sexo establece diferencias significativas en los valores del PEF, con los tres modelos de medidor. CONCLUSIÓN: a) La variable que mejor expresa los resultados del PEF es la talla; b) los valores del PEF de varones y mujeres son distintos, con significación estadística; c) existen diferencias significativas en razón del modelo de medidor utilizado; d) la monitorización del PEF en un sujeto determinado debe hacerse con el mismo modelo de medidor, y e) el modelo de regresión exponencial consigue un mejor ajuste (AU)