ABSTRACT
Electron ionization mass spectrometry (MS) of sterol butyrates is described. Fragmentation of common sterol butyrates is related to structure and is discussed in relation to the fragmentation of free sterols and of commonly used sterol derivatives. Derivatized samples of vegetable oils are introduced using a 10 m capillary gas chromatographic (GC) column for complete separation of the sterol butyrates. Quantitation of sterol butyrates in vegetable oils by packed column GC/flame ionization detection is based on percent relative area of peaks identified by MS. Results of analyses of sunflower, castor, rapeseed, and virgin olive oils, and other oils are presented. These techniques have been applied to the rapid screening of marketed olive oils for possible adulteration.
Subject(s)
Butyrates/analysis , Food Contamination/analysis , Oils/analysis , Sterols/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Flame Ionization , Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
This study was to demonstrate the application of various analytical methods to the detection, identification, and quantitation of vegetable oil adulteration of ice cream. Total fat content, sterols, long- and short-chain fatty acids, vitamin E, Reichert-Meissl values, and Polenske values were measured in ice cream. All methods except total fat determination were capable of detecting vegetable oil adulteration. Sterol determination was the most effective and versatile measurement because it provided information not only on the detection and extent of adulteration but also on the possible identity of the adulterant.
Subject(s)
Food Contamination/analysis , Ice Cream/analysis , Plant Oils/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Colorimetry , Fatty Acids/analysis , Sterols/analysis , Vitamin E/analysisABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding Lunaria oil to chicks. A deit containing Lunaria oil produced poorer growth and lower feed conversion than one containing corn oil. White Plymouth Rock chicks had apparent digestibility values of 89.9% and 55.8% for corn and Lunaria oil, respectively. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of heart, liver, and body cavity lipids (fat) showed that more erucic and nervonic acids accumulated in the fat of the birds fed Lunaria oil than in the fat of those fed corn oil.