A new selective medium for isolation of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from tomato plants and seed.

A new selective and highly sensitive medium was developed for isolation of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, from seed and latently infected plants. The new medium (BCT) proved to be superior to all published semiselective media for Cmm and is denoted as selective medium because of (i) its mean plating efficiency, amounting to ≤89% within 7 days for all 30 Cmm strains from different sources tested; (ii) the high selectivity, because accompanying bacterial species occurring on tomato plants and seed or bacteria obtained from culture collections were inhibited to an extent of 98 to 100%; and (iii) the remarkable detection sensitivity. Thus, 8 CFU of Cmm in field plant homogenates containing 12,750 CFU of accompanying saprophytes were detected on BCT. Under these extreme conditions, all of the published semiselective media (D2, KBT, D2ANX, SCM, mSCM, CMM1, mCNS, and EPPO) gave false-negative results. Either some media were rather toxic and Cmm growth was also inhibited or the other, less toxic media allowed growth of high numbers of saprophytes, so that Cmm growth was suppressed. Exclusively, BCT also supported growth of the closely related C. michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, nebraskensis, and tessellarius. The new medium is recommended for Cmm detection in tomato seed, and in symptomless tomato plantlets, to improve disease control of bacterial canker of tomato.

Structure of the core oligosaccharide of a rough-type lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.

The core structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from a rough strain of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, GSPB 711, was investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance ESI MS, and one- and two-dimensional 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Strong alkaline deacylation of the LPS resulted in two core-lipid A backbone undecasaccharide pentakisphosphates in the ratio approximately 2.5 : 1, which corresponded to outer core glycoforms 1 and 2 terminated with either L-rhamnose or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), respectively. Mild acid degradation of the LPS gave the major glycoform 1 core octasaccharide and a minor truncated glycoform 2 core heptasaccharide, which resulted from the cleavage of the terminal Kdo residues. The inner core of P. syringae is distinguished by a high degree of phosphorylation of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residues with phosphate, diphosphate and ethanolamine diphosphate groups. The glycoform 1 core is structurally similar but not identical to one of the core glycoforms of the human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The outer core composition and structure may be useful as a chemotaxonomic marker for the P. syringae group of bacteria, whereas a more conserved inner core structure appears to be representative for the whole genus Pseudomonas.

Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Xanthomonas cassavae GSPB 2437.

The following structure of the O-polysaccharide of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas cassavae GSPB 2437 was determined by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy: [structure: see text].

Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora GSPB 436.

The O-polysaccharide of a phytopathogenic bacterium, Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora GSPB 436, was studied by sugar and methylation analysis, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: [carbohydrate structure in text] The O-polysaccharide contains a minor proportion of 4-O-methylrhamnose, which is suggested to terminate the polymer main chain.

Structures of the O-polysaccharide chains of the lipopolysaccharides of Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli var fuscans GSPB 271 and X campestris pv malvacearum GSPB 1386 and GSPB 2388.

O-polysaccharides of phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris were isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides and studied by sugar and methylation analysis, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structures of the repeating units of the polysaccharides of X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans GSPB 271 (1). and X. campestris pv. malvacearum GSPB 1386 and GSPB 2388 (2). were established:The O-polysaccharides of X. campestris are structurally similar to those of some Pseudomonas syringae strains.

Influência da gestaçäo e do parto sobre a frequência colposcópica do mosaico em jovens / Influence of pregnancy and delivery upon the colposcopic frequency of mosaic in youngs

Quinhentas e duas pacientes com menos de 30 anos de idade, portadoras de atipias colposcópicas, säo analisadas de acordo com o seu passado obstétrico, no sentido de caracterizar o comportamento do mosaico. A análise estatística demonstrou que tanto os mosaicos isolados quanto os associados a outras atipias diminuíram em frequência a partir do momento que as pacientes tiveram gestaçöes. O trabalho de parto, por sua vez, näo interferiu neste comportamento. Säo discutidos os fatores que devem ter influenciado no comportamento da referida atipia

Peritonite granulomatosa, meconial, materna pós-cesárea / Maternal meconium granulomatous peritonitis after cesarean section

Apresenta-se um caso de peritonite granulomatosa, meconial, materna, pós-cesárea. O derrame de mecônio na pelve pode resultar em resposta granulomatosa e levar a aderências fibrosas e íleo obstrutivo. Todo empenho deve ser feito para eliminar contaminaçäo da cavidade abdominal por mecônio, durante a cesárea