ABSTRACT
The toxic effects of oxygen radicals produced by immune cells can be controlled to certain degree by endogenous antioxidants, because of their scavenger action. This control is specially important in a type of immune cell, i.e.: the phagocyte, which needs oxygen free radicals and uses antioxidants in order to support its functions. Previous studies have shown an stimulation of the immune system with an antioxidant enriched diet. In the present work, we have studied the effects in vitro of several antioxidants: alpha-tocopherol or vitamin E (VE), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and thioproline or thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TCA), at different concentrations, on the various steps of the phagocytic process of murine peritoneal macrophages, i.e.: adherence to substrate, migration (random migration and directed migration or chemotaxis), ingestion and superoxide anion production. The results show an antioxidant-induced stimulation of the phagocytic process of macrophages. Thus, the adherence to substrate was raised, after short incubation times, by a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Random migration, chemotaxis, ingestion and superoxide anion production were increased by all the antioxidants used.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Cell Migration Inhibition , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Female , Immune Adherence Reaction , Indicators and Reagents , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Superoxides/metabolism , Vitamin E/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Dog kidneys have been cold perfused by gravity and by nonpulsatile pressure after 24 h preservation time at 5 degrees C with normotonic Ringer's solution without drugs, Ringer's solution containing furosemide (10 mg/l), acetylcholine (100 mg/l), phentolamine (10 mg/l) or dopamine (0.2, 2 and 20 mg/l), and Ringer's solution made hypertonic (400 and 500 mosm/l) with glucose, mannitol, choline chloride or urea. Addition of the described drugs to normotonic Ringer's produced no detectable change in the perfusion rate. In contrast, a significant flow increase was constantly observed when perfusion was made with hypertonic Ringer's solutions. Flow increase was found to be dependent on the osmolarity of the perfusate but not on the kind of solute used to raise it.
Subject(s)
Cold Temperature , Kidney/blood supply , Organ Preservation , Perfusion , Tissue Preservation , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Acetylcholine/administration & dosage , Animals , Choline/administration & dosage , Dogs , Dopamine/administration & dosage , Female , Furosemide/administration & dosage , Glucose/administration & dosage , Hypertonic Solutions/administration & dosage , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Mannitol/administration & dosage , Osmolar Concentration , Phentolamine/administration & dosage , Urea/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The size distribution of plastic non-radioactive microspheres (MS) of 15 +/- 5 micrometer diameter in the dog kidney was investigated. No diameter-dependent redistribution of the MS was found.
Subject(s)
Kidney/blood supply , Microspheres , Animals , Dogs , Particle SizeABSTRACT
Chicken red blood cells labelled with specific rabbit antiserum were used for the demonstration of cortical distribution of blood in the dog kidney by means of direct immunofluorescence. Immunization and labelling techniques are described.
Subject(s)
Erythrocytes/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Kidney Cortex/blood supply , Animals , Chickens , Dogs , Rabbits/immunologyABSTRACT
Urine production, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Na+ transport of the kidney were studied in rats after complete substitution of the blood with a fluorocarbon emulsion. The urine production is found to be increased, the GFR lowered. The Na+ load as a function of the GFR is reduced while the relative Na+ reabsorption with values in the range of 98-99% of the load is normal.
Subject(s)
Kidney/physiology , Plasma Substitutes , Animals , Biological Transport , Emulsions , Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood , Fluorocarbon Polymers , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Rats , Sodium/metabolism , UrinationABSTRACT
Dog kidneys have been perfused with homologous plasma at plus 6 degrees-C for 24 and 48 h and the water, K+ and Na+ variations in the cortex and medulla have been studied. After 24 h perfusion Na+-gain and K+-loss in the cortex are found while water content shows no changes. After 48 h perfusion additional increase of Na+ and gain of water are observed while the K+ content remains unchanged as compared with the cortex after 24 h perfusion time. In the medulla after 24 h perfusion K+ loss and water gain are registered while the Na+ content remains unchanged. In the following 24 h no additional changes of the K+, Na+ or water contents are observed.
