ABSTRACT
Using Soybean mosaic virus as a model system, the rate, magnitude and timing of epidemics caused by non-persistently transmitted, aphid-borne viruses are examined under various field conditions. Emphasis is placed on the behavioural responses of vectors to environmental cues, although all three biotic components (host plant, vector and virus) are considered. Both single and double manipulations of the cropping system environment are explored using a computer model developed earlier by Ruesink and Irwin (Plant Virus Epidemics: Monitoring, Modelling and Predicting Outbreaks.
Subject(s)
Aphids/virology , Crops, Agricultural/virology , Ecology , Glycine max/virology , Plant Viruses , Potyvirus , Animals , Computer Simulation , Insect Vectors/virology , Models, Theoretical , Space-Time ClusteringABSTRACT
Graphs and simple Gaussian plume equations are presented for estimating the maximum horizontal area within a pheromone plume. In its simplest form the area,A R , for a given scaling factor,R = Q/(Ku), isA R = AI R (ß), whereQ is the release rate,K is a specified concentration threshold,u is the wind velocity, and ß is an atmospheric stability index. Estimates ofA I and ß are given for several atmospheric stability typing schemes applicable to field and forest habitats.