ABSTRACT
In this Scientists' Forum article, we present a new app, GENIGMA, launched by structural genomics specialist Marc A. Marti-Renom and his team, aimed at mapping the 3D genome of cancer cell lines. GENIGMA is a digital game, which was designed and tested through a co-creation process with citizens. Finally, by playing the game, citizens produce data, reaching beyond the capacity of artificial intelligence. This is an exceptional experiment of extreme citizen science, which broadens the implications of open science.
Subject(s)
Citizen Science , Mobile Applications , Neoplasms , Artificial Intelligence , Cell Line , Genomics , Neoplasms/geneticsSubject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Cancer Vaccines , Genetic Therapy/trends , Precision Medicine/trends , RNA, Messenger/therapeutic use , Vaccines, Synthetic , Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Betacoronavirus/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , Cancer Vaccines/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Drug Industry/economics , Drug Industry/organization & administration , Genetic Therapy/methods , Humans , Inflammation , Lymphatic System , Nanoparticles/metabolism , Precision Medicine/methods , Pseudouridine/metabolism , RNA Stability , RNA, Messenger/immunology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , United States/epidemiology , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology , mRNA VaccinesSubject(s)
Biomedical Research/ethics , Community-Based Participatory Research/ethics , Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/genetics , Biomedical Research/history , Community-Based Participatory Research/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/history , Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/pathologySubject(s)
Academies and Institutes , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Public Health , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Polymerase Chain ReactionSubject(s)
Betacoronavirus/classification , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Chiroptera/virology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Animals , COVID-19 , China , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Zoonoses/virology , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentSubject(s)
Crops, Agricultural/growth & development , Food Safety , Gene Editing/legislation & jurisprudence , Organisms, Genetically Modified/growth & development , Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development , Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence , Biotechnology/methods , Crops, Agricultural/genetics , European Union , Gene Editing/methods , Government Regulation , Humans , Organisms, Genetically Modified/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/geneticsSubject(s)
Aquaporins/metabolism , Awards and Prizes , Animals , Aquaporins/chemistry , Aquaporins/genetics , Biological Transport , Humans , SwedenABSTRACT
Macrophages play an essential role in the resolution of tissue damage through removal of necrotic cells, thus paving the way for tissue regeneration. Macrophages also directly support the formation of new tissue to replace the injury, through their acquisition of an anti-inflammatory, or M2, phenotype, characterized by a gene expression program that includes IL-10, the IL-13 receptor, and arginase 1. We report that deletion of two CREB-binding sites from the Cebpb promoter abrogates Cebpb induction upon macrophage activation. This blocks the downstream induction of M2-specific Msr1, Il10, II13ra, and Arg-1 genes, whereas the inflammatory (M1) genes Il1, Il6, Tnfa, and Il12 are not affected. Mice carrying the mutated Cebpb promoter (betaDeltaCre) remove necrotic tissue from injured muscle, but exhibit severe defects in muscle fiber regeneration. Conditional deletion of the Cebpb gene in muscle cells does not affect regeneration, showing that the C/EBPbeta cascade leading to muscle repair is muscle-extrinsic. While betaDeltaCre macrophages efficiently infiltrate injured muscle they fail to upregulate Cebpb, leading to decreased Arg-1 expression. CREB-mediated induction of Cebpb expression is therefore required in infiltrating macrophages for upregulation of M2-specific genes and muscle regeneration, providing a direct genetic link between these two processes.
