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Objective@#To understand the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among college freshmen in Chaoyang District of Beijing from 2013 to 2015, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.@*Methods@#The latent tuberculosis infection was identified through a tuberculin purified-protein derivative (TB-PPD) skin test. TB-PPD test results of 65 233 college students in the Chaoyang District during 2013 to 2015 were collected and stored, by using descriptive statistical analysis.@*Results@#Among the 65 233 freshmen, 63 135 were effective PPD test results, 11 754 were PPD positive, 2 720 were PPD strong positive, the LTBI status: the PPD positive rate was 18.62% and the PPD strong positive rate was 4.31%. The positive rate and the strong positive rate in male (19.56%, 4.76%) were higher than that in female(17.87%, 3.95%)(χ2=29.37, 24.29), in ethnic minorities were higher than that in Han Nationality (18.25%,4.16%) and in Tibetans (29.45%, 8.69%) were the highest(χ2=102.01, 70.04), among freshmen from the western region (21.88%, 5.11%)were the highest and from Beijing city (16.25%, 3.46%) were lower (χ2=220.63, 99.03, P<0.01), among those with BCG scar (18.94%, 4.34%) are slightly higher than those without BCG scar(16.96%, 4.08%) (χ2=48.46, 10.43, P<0.01). 19 cases of tuberculosis patients were found, the prevalence rate was 29.13/100 000 (19/65 233), of which 68.42% (13/19) were found through the strong positive for PPD. Among the strong positive students (2 707), there were 1 433(52.94%) who received preventive therapy, and during the follow-up two years, 7 were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis, the annual incidence rate was 129.29/100 000 (7/2 707).@*Conclusion@#Freshmen from high-risk areas of tuberculosis are the focus of tuberculosis screening, for which we should continue to carry out PPD screening. Those with latent tuberculosis infection are high-risk groups of tuberculosis, and should be paid more attention in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical,pathological features and prognosis of IgA nephropathy in children with crescent formation.Methods A total of 38 cases of children with IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether there were crescent formation,they were divided into crescents formation group (crescent formation≥10％,n=18) and control group consisting of children with complete clinical data and matching age,gender and course of disease (no crescent formation,n=20).The clinical,pathological features and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results Fourteen cases (77.78％) of crescents formation group were associated with nausea hematuria,and 12 cases (66.67％) had hypertension,8 patients in control group (40％) had gross hematuria,and 6 cases (30％)had high blood pressure.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In crescents formation group,Alb and eGFR were significantly lower than those of control group.24 h urine protein and Scr were significantly higher than those of control group and there were significant statistically differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Nephropathological changes in crescent formation group were mainly in grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ and were usually combined with tubular interstitial damages.In addition to IgA immunoglobulin deposition,they often accompanied by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin deposition.In control group,nephropathological changes were mainly in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ and tubular interstitial damages were rare.IgA was the main form of deposition in control group.After 12 weeks steroid treatment and (or) immunosuppressive therapy,urinary protein turned negative in 7 cases in crescent formation group,24 h urinary protein level declined by half than before in 7 cases and no obvious change in 4 cases.In control group,urinary protein turned negative in 12 cases,6 cases showed a more than 50％ decline in urinary protein level and 2 cases had no obvious change.During the 1-3 years of follow-up,renal function of 14 cases and 19 cases was normal in the crescent formation group and control group respectively,serum creatinine of 3 cases and 1 case increased mildly in the crescent formation group and control group respectively,1 case needed dialysis treatment in the crescent formation group and the one in the control group who had slightly increasement of Scr did not reach the standard of dialysis treatment.Conclusions The clinical and pathological manifestations of children with IgA nephropathy with crescent formation are more severe and more likely to manifest renal insufficiency,suggesting that crescent formation is one of the indicators of poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Anordrin, which has been widely used as an oral contraceptive tablet in China, administered intra-vaginally at different levels of dose possessed marked antifertiiity effects in Sprague Dawley rats. The anti-implantation efficiency of the compound given intra-vaginally was superior to that of oral dosing in some respects. This kind of medication was feasible, convenient to use and with no serious side effects. Our investigation provides the experimental date for clinical study of using this drug vaginally.
