ABSTRACT
Cobalamin concentration is often assessed in clinical practice but little is known about the significance of hypercobalaminemia. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the conditions associated with hypercobalaminemia in dogs and to investigate association with clinicopathological variables. Medical records of dogs having serum cobalamin measured between 2016 and 2018 were reviewed. One hundred sixty dogs were included and 47 (29%) showed hypercobalaminemia. Dogs with hypercobalaminemia had gastrointestinal (57%), hepatic (11%), neurological (11%), endocrine (9%), renal (4%), pancreatic (2%), and miscellaneous (6%) diseases. Overall, 11% had neoplasia. This distribution was not significantly different from that for hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic dogs. There were significantly more dogs with hyperfolatemia in the hypercobalaminemia group. These results suggest that in clinical practice hypercobalaminemia is commonly identified in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs, but can also be seen with endocrine and neurological conditions. The frequency of hyperfolatemia alongside hypercobalaminemia may reflect common metabolic pathways.
Maladies associées à l'hypercobalaminémie chez des chiens au Royaume-Uni : étude rétrospective de 47 chiens. La concentration de cobalamine est souvent évaluée dans la pratique clinique, mais on en sait peu sur l'importance de l'hypercobalaminémie. L'objectif de cette étude rétrospective était d'identifier les conditions associées à l'hypercobalaminémie chez le chien et d'étudier l'association avec des variables clinicopathologiques. Les dossiers médicaux des chiens eu ayant une cobalamine sérique mesurée entre 2016 et 2018 ont été examinés. Cent soixante chiens ont été inclus et 47 (29%) ont présenté une hypercobalaminémie. Les chiens atteints d'hypercobalaminémie avaient des maladies gastro-intestinales (57%), hépatiques (11%), neurologiques (11%), endocriniennes (9%), rénales (4%), pancréatiques (2%) et diverses (6%). Dans l'ensemble, 11% avaient une néoplasie. Cette distribution n'était pas significativement différente de celle des chiens hypocobalaminémiques et normocobalaminémiques. Il y avait significativement plus de chiens atteints d'hyperfolatémie dans le groupe hypercobalaminémie. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'en pratique clinique, l'hypercobalaminémie est couramment identifiée dans les maladies gastro-intestinales et hépatiques chez le chien, mais peut également être observée avec des conditions endocriniennes et neurologiques. La fréquence de l'hyperfolatémie associée à l'hypercobalaminémie peut refléter des voies métaboliques communes.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency , Animals , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Retrospective Studies , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Vitamin B 12 , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/epidemiology , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/veterinarySubject(s)
Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/veterinary , Tracheal Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Anorexia/veterinary , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cats , Diagnosis, Differential , Dyspnea/veterinary , Endoscopy/veterinary , Female , Fenbendazole/therapeutic use , Fluticasone/therapeutic use , Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/diagnostic imaging , Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/drug therapy , Heart Murmurs/veterinary , Lethargy/veterinary , Male , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Radiography, Thoracic/veterinary , Respiratory Sounds/veterinary , Tachypnea/veterinary , Trachea/diagnostic imaging , Trachea/pathology , Tracheal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tracheal Diseases/drug therapy , Tracheal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tracheal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tracheal Neoplasms/veterinaryABSTRACT
In Switzerland, the majority of students are oriented toward professional training after compulsory schooling. At this stage, one of the biggest challenges for them is to find an apprenticeship position. Matching supply and demand is a complex process that not only excludes some students from having direct access to professional training but also forces them to make early choices regarding their future sector of employment. So, how does one find an apprenticeship? And what do the students' descriptions of their search for apprenticeships reveal about the institutional determinants of social inequalities at play in the system? Based on 29 interviews conducted in 2014 with 23 apprentices and 6 recruiters in the Canton of Vaud, this article interrogates how the dimensions of educational and social trajectories combine to affect access to apprenticeships and are accentuated by recruiters using a "hidden curriculum" during the recruitment process. A hidden curriculum consists of knowledge and skills not taught by the educational institution but which appear decisive in obtaining an apprenticeship. By analyzing the contrasting experiences of students in their search for an apprenticeship, we identify four types of trajectories that explain different types of school-to-apprenticeship transitions. We show how these determinants are reinforced by the "hidden curriculum" of recruitment based on the soft skills of feeling, autonomy, anticipation, and reflexivity that are assessed in the context of recruitment interactions. The discussion section debates how the criteria that appear to be used to identify the "right apprentice" tend to (re)produce inequalities between students. This not only depends on their academic results but also on their social and cultural skills, their ability to anticipate their choices and, more widely, their ability to be a subject in their recruitment search. "The Subject is neither the individual, nor the self, but the work through which an individual transforms into an actor, meaning an agent able to transform his/her situation instead of reproducing it." (Touraine, 1992, p. 476).
